Annotated Bibliography

Facts: Sports Activity and Children. Facts: Sports Activity and Children | Project Play, The

Aspen Institute, www.aspenprojectplay.org/the-facts.

Sports participation is a significant predictor of young adults' participation in sports and

physical fitness activities. Organized sports activity helps children develop and improve

cognitive skills, according to a study of that tracked kids from kindergarten through

fourth grade. High school athletes are more likely than non-athletes to attend college and

get degrees; team captains, MVPs achieve in school at even higher rates.

Farrey, Tom. Michael Smith: Sports Made Me a 'Cool Nerd'. The Aspen Institute, The Aspen

Institute, 8 Dec. 2016, www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/michael-smith-sports

-made-cool-nerd/.

Tom Farrey interviewed Michael Smith. Smith went to the first all-black high school in

New Orleans and then attended Loyola University. After he became an intern at the

Times-Picayune and Boston Globe which led him to ESPN. He grew up in New Orleans

East when it was just a destination for middle-class African American families. Smith

was one of the fortunate kids to get a scholarship and get out of a troubling life.

Vulcan, Nicole. How Does Playing Sports Affect Your Health? LIVESTRONG.COM, Leaf

Group, 19 Aug. 2013, www.livestrong.com/article/245944-how-does-playing-sports

-affect-your-health/.

Playing sports has shown great positive impact in health. It is important to get at 75

minutes a week of exercise to prevent chronic diseases. Studies have shown those that do

not exercise as much as needed are more likely to get diabetes, arthritis, heart disease,
 dementia, or Alzheimer's disease.The Yale Medical Group found it sports can increase a

persons ability to cooperate, focus, and commitment.

Shile, Marlana Jean, and Katie Howard. The Benefits of Participating in Sports. Benefits of

Sports & Health Information for Teens, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, www.pamf.org/

teen/health/sports/.

Teens can come together to bond and create new relationships. Family relationships

become stronger when one is supporting the other at a sport. Coaches are a good role

model for children. Fitness leads to being more healthy. A diet can be better held in a

sport.

Barrett, Carson. How Does Playing Sports Affect Your Health? Healthy Living, AZCentral,

healthyliving.azcentral.com/playing-sports-affect-health-1374.html.

There can be both negative and positive effects on health depending on the athlete and

sport. Professors at Southern Methodist University and Boston University have studied

playing sports can help reduce anxiety and depression. Physically, it helps your

cardiovascular system. Despite all this, there are major and fatal injuries that can happen

in sports. These include any kind of head or brain injury.

Watson, Kathryn. The Top 7 Mental Benefits of Sports. Edited by Peggy Pletcher,Healthline,

28 Nov. 2016, www.healthline.com/health/mental-benefits-sports#Overview1.

They improve your mood. It improves concentration, confidence, and leadership. You are

more likely to have a good nights sleep and keep a stable healthy weight. And for kids, if

they are active young they are more likely to stay active their entire lives. Letting them

participate in a sport improves their academic success and focus outside of school.

Sportanddev.org. Healthy Development of Children and Young People through Sport,

 www.sportanddev.org/en/learn-more/education-and-child-and-youth-

development/healthy-development-children-and-young-people.

Physical education and sport have an educational impact. Changes can be seen in motor

skills development and performance and educational potential. This shows the positive

relationship between being involved in physical activities and psychosocial development.

Sport-based programmes have been shown to improve the learning performance of

children and young people, encouraging school attendance and a desire to succeed

academically. Whilst a majority of research into the health and development impacts of

sport has been conducted in developed countries, there are studies that support this

relationship in developing countries.

Price-Mitchell, Marilyn. The Psychology of Youth Sports. Psychology Today, www.

psychologytoday.com/blog/the-moment-youth/201201/the-psychology-youth-sports.

Youth sports are beneficial mainly but may have some conflicts. Sports help children

develop skills like teamwork, self-confidence, resiliency, moral character, and many

other. But some adults believe young athletes are more likely to develop aggressive traits

and become very competitive on and off the field.

Aacap. "Sports and Children." Sports and Children. American Academy of Child & Adolescent

Psychiatry, Feb. 2013. www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/

FFF-Guide/Children-And-Sports-061.aspx.

Parents need to be supportive emotionally and give positive feedback to young athletes.

They need to attend sport games and discuss them with their child afterwards. Keep

realistic expectations for their child. A childs behavior towards the sport will reflect from

the coaching of the parent and how they perceive good sportsmanship.If there is a
 situation with bad sportsmanship, the child should be told other ways the situation could

have been handled.

Kelley, Bruce, and Carl Carchia. ""Hey, Data Data -- Swing!"" ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, \

11 July 2013. www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/9469252/hidden-demographics-youth-

sports- espn-magazine.

There are 21.47 million kids playing a team sport that are between the age of 6 and 17. In

urban neighborhoods, there are 65% of girls and 75% of boys in a sport. In suburban

neighborhoods, there are 73% of girls and 80% of boys in at least one organized sport. In

rural neighborhoods, 69% of girls and boys. One of the biggest indicators on whether or

not kids start young is if their household makes $100,000 or more. Those kids that had

higher household incomes were more likely to join a sport earlier and stay in it. Around

45% of kids that join a sport often quit leading into ages 10 and above.