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The flow of heat from one object to the other is called Heat Transfer (HT).
1. It flows when there is temperature difference between the two objects, i.e. one
body is hotter than the other.
2. It flows from hot to cold body.
Heat
Illustration
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Examples
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
(1 2 )
(1 2 )
=
Illustrations:
In solids atoms are arranged in a fixed network. Upon heating, they vibrate and transfer heat to
the neighboring atom when get in contact with it.
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
1. conduction and
2. fluid motion
( )
= ( )
Illustrations:
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
The maximum rate of radiation that can be emitted from a surface is observed to be
= 4
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
HEAT EXCHANGER
A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
APPLICATION
Page: 6/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Page: 7/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Figure 3. Crossflow.
Hybrid Heat Exchangers:
In industrial heat exchangers, hybrids of the above flow types are often found. Examples of these are
combined crossflow/counterflow heat exchangers and multi pass flow heat exchangers. (See for
example Figure 4.)
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Heat
Exchanger
Recuprative Regenerative
Indirect Direct
Special Static Dynamic
Contact Contact
Regenerators are mainly used in gas/gas heat recovery applications in power stations
and other energy intensive industries.
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
During a heating period of matrix I (the warmer working fluid Gh flows through it) the matrix II
is cooled by a stream Gc of the colder working fluid. The streams of working fluids are changed-
over by means of the valves A, B, C, D and the process of heat transfer is alternated.
Page: 10/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Page: 11/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
2. A Recuperative Heat Exchanger has separate flow paths for each fluid and fluids flow
simultaneously through the exchanger exchanging heat across the wall separating the
flow paths.
Indirect contact heat exchangers keep the fluids exchanging heat separate by the use of
tubes or plates etc.. Direct contact exchangers do not separate the fluids exchanging
heat and in fact rely on the fluids being in close contact.
Tubular heat exchangers are very popular due to the flexibility the designer has to allow
for a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Tubular heat exchangers can be
subdivided into a number of categories, of which the shell and tube exchanger is the most
common.
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Front endthis is where the fluid enters the tubeside of the exchanger.
Rear endthis is where the tubeside fluid leaves the exchanger or where it is returned to the
front header in exchangers with multiple tubeside passes.
Tube bundlethis comprises of the tubes, tube sheets, baffles and tie rods etc. to hold the
bundle together.
Shellthis contains the tube bundle.
Baffles- These plates make the flow of fluid in the shell
The heat transfer is a combination of convection on the inner and outer sides of the wall plus
conduction through the wall.
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
EXERCISE:
Question 1
Identify the direction of heat transfer.
Page: 14/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Question 2
Question 3
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
Question 4
Two radiations are shown in figure. One of them is long wave length (A) whereas the other is
short wave length (B). Which one carries more energy?
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YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Question 5
Identify the TYPE and the following parts of a shell and tube HX
Type: ______________________________________________________
Question 6
The interior wall of a furnace is maintained at a temperature of 900C. The wall is 60
cm thick, 1 m wide, 1.5 m broad of material whose thermal conductivity is 0.4 W/m K. The
temperature of the outside surface of the wall is200C .Determine the heat through the wall.
Page: 16/17
YANBU TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mechanical Skills Department
Program: Diploma Certificate Instructor: Muhammad Rafique
Subject: MET 4402: Fundamentals of Thermofluid Systems Contact: rafiquem@rcyci.edu.sa
Handout Module 7: Introduction to heat transfer Office : C2B5F3
Question 7
Calculate the rate of heat loss by radiation from unit surface area of a perfect radiating body at
1100 C.
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