Electromagnetic Exploration

Biot-Savart Law

Maulidah Aisyah 3713100049

Bagus Wibisono 3714100003
Siti Damaianti 3714100014

Jurusan Teknik Geofisika

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya
 Biot Savart Law

Biot-Savart law is the law concerning the relationship between electricity and
magnetism.
In 1920 Biot- Savart experiment to determine the magnetic field around current carrying
wires. They recognized that a conductor carrying a steady current produces a force on a
magnet. Biot and Savart produced an equation that gives the magnetic field at some point in
space in terms of the current that produces the field

Biot-Savart law says that if a wire carries a steady current I, the magnetic field dB at
some point P associated with an element of conductor length ds has the following properties:

The vector dB is perpendicular to both ds (the direction of the current I) and to the
unit vector rhat directed from the element ds to the point P.
The magnitude of dB is inversely proportional to r 2, where r is the distance from the
element ds to the point P
The magnitude of dB is proportional to the current I and to the length ds of the
element.
The magnitude of dB is proportional to sin q, where q is the angle between the vectors
ds and rhat.

The BiotSavart law is used for computing the resultant magnetic field B at
position r generated by a steadycurrent I (for example due to a wire): a continual flow
of charges which is constant in time and the charge neither accumulates nor depletes at any
point. The law is a physical example of a line integral, being evaluated over the path C in
which the electric currents flow. The equation in SI units is
where dl is a vector whose magnitude is the length of the differential element of the wire in
the direction of conventional current, r= r - l, the full displacement vector from the wire
element (r) to the point at which the field is being computed (l), and 0 is the magnetic
constant.

Magnetic Field Around a Current Carrying Wire

First we are going to find the magnetic field at a distance R from a long, straight wire
carrying a current of I. To do this, we must determine the proper use of Biot-Savart.

Pulling out all of the terms that arent related to distance will give us

This wire is long, so we are going to pretend that it is infinite in length.

Using symmetry principles, we are going to cut our wire in half and change our limits. Later,
these symmetry properties will allow us to double our final B-field's value.

where :

L is the distance from the point-current element to

the closest point of the wire to the point, and

R is the distance from the point to the wire, and

r is the distance from the point-current element to

the point.

r= R 2+l2

R 2
Now we use the trigonometric identity r = sin to replace r
Now we need to replace our differential dl. For this we use the trigonometric identity:

Now we substitute and integrate; but, because our differential has changed, so our limits must
change. When l 0, becomes infinitely small and approaches zero; when l ,

approaches
2

Magnetic Field at the Center of a Current-Carrying Loop

Since r is always perpendicular to the direction of the current, we do not need to worry about
messy integration.

Furthermore, since we are in a circular loop, l is equal to 2 r . So we end up with

Sumber :

The nature of science, James Trefil

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