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In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria.
Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found.
Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
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Assessor's comments
Edexcel Level 5 Diploma in Teaching in the
Qualification Assessor name
Lifelong Learning Sector (QCF)
7 Curriculum Development for Inclusive
Unit number and title Learner name
Practice
Grading criteria Achieved?
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Learner feedback
Assessor feedback
Action plan
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Name: ..
Group: ..
Introduction
The aim of this unit is to enable you to understand and apply the contexts for
education and training in the lifelong learning sector and the impact of theories,
principles and models of curriculum design on curriculum development and
practice. The unit enables you to evaluate your own practice in inclusive
curriculum design and development.
You can work though this book in class but the final version you hand in
must be word processed in a document.
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Contents
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Section 1
Introduction
This unit encourages you to explore the relationship between curriculum design and the
development of learners skills and knowledge in the subject. How is the curriculum translated
into a programme of learning?
You will be expected to consider a range of curriculum models and analyse and evaluate their
appropriateness in different teaching and learning contexts. You will be invited to consider the
significance of issues relating to learners and the importance of promoting equality of
opportunity in curriculum development.
Please undertake the activities in the unit book too; they will add to your understanding as
well as your teaching repertoire.
Each section is designed as a learning session and should take approximately three hours to
complete. Read through the workbook and undertake the exercises that are indicated. This is
a level 5 unit and it requires you to develop your skills of analysis. As you are studying this
topic ask yourself questions like why is that? and what would happen if? so t hat you
develop your critical thinking skills. Take care in your assessment work that analyse rather
than describe.
Take this opportunity to write a definition of analyse below to help you when you are
studying
You should take the opportunity to read more widely - there are links to some useful websites.
Remember to use the websites in the same way as a paper based textbook (dip in and out,
skim read and take relevant notes). General information and associated activities are
signposted within the workbook.
The assessment brief is at the end of this workbook. Please ensure that you comply with the
requirements in sections 8 and 9.
Learning Outcomes
1. Understand contexts in which education and training are provided in the lifelong learning
sector
2. Understand the impact of theories, principles and models of curriculum design on
teaching and learning
3. Be able to apply theories, principles and models for curriculum design to curriculum
development and practice
4. Be able to evaluate and improve own practice in inclusive curriculum design and
development
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Skills Scan
Please rate yourself in terms of confidence in your ability to meet the statements below:
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
effectiveness of improvements to
the curriculum offer
Trainer Feedback:
Signatures:
Learner: .. Date: .
Tutor: .. Date: .
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Section 2 - LO1
Definition of curriculum
Initially this appears to be straightforward. Most teachers define the word curriculum as a
course of study usually based around a syllabus. The scheme of work, lesson plans and
assessments are drawn from this syllabus. Curriculum can be a much more complex, as we
shall see through this workbook.
How does the curriculum offered differ in each of these contexts? Fill in the table on the next
page:
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LO 1.1
Teaching context type of qualification offered mode of study Typical delivery methods
School classroom
Own home
Prison
Community or Adult
Education Centre
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Some learners and their teachers may expect to be taught using a particular method. This
can be made more difficult when their expectation is opposite to research evidence. A
traditional teacher-centred lecture style delivery, often associated with summative assessment
(an external examination for example) may meet learners preconceptions, and may also be
the preferred style of the teacher, however the effectiveness of the method must be measured
against short term outcomes and longer term impact - has the learning made a difference?
This approach also complements employer and employee requirements for work-based
learning. It can be adapted easily to suit an apprentice and master model but it needs a
curriculum that supports professional or vocational, work-based practice. The teacher needs
to be able to relate the requirements of the work place to the curriculum and integrate
developments that might be adopted immediately by the workplace but take longer for
curriculum and syllabus developers to implement.
LO 1.1
Think about the profile of the lifelong learning sector (what its is, what is does, its main aims
etc, how it is different from other educational sectors such as schools and HE)).
LO 1.2
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Some of the learner anxiety is taken out of the learning experience by using the community, a
village hall or community centre places that people are familiar with and may use for
reasons other than learning - rather than having to attend at a school or college which for
some people might be too scary or not fit in with a lifestyle of full time employment or caring
for dependents.
Curriculum developers review course design and resources to create teaching and learning
opportunities that support cognitive development. Learning becomes easier to understand
because teachers and authors are speaking and writing using straightforward vocabulary and
explaining or defining unfamiliar words. Unnecessary assessment is identified and removed.
Naturally occurring evidence has been given more importance and credibility.
Development" describes the process of curriculum-making.
"Design" describes the product of curriculum development; the programme of study
Much of this curriculum development work relies upon teachers knowing their learners and
being able to identify and support them on their learning journey. Teachers become more
effective if they enter into a supportive partnership with their learners. Teachers need to
develop their skills, particularly flexibility and adaptability so that they are confident to meet
the challenges of going out into the community and engaging and motivating those hard to
reach groups.
Using Vygotskys theory of the zone of proximal development
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/constructivism.htm
You can realise the importance of the teacher or more experienced other person in helping
move the learner from what they already know or can do towards new learning.
Think about the informal methods you use to develop a supportive relationship with your
learners.
Summarise this in a reflective paragraph below
There are a number of ways in which the curriculum or programme of learning is delivered.
Each teaching method may have advantages and disadvantages to particular learner groups
or particular subjects.
Complete the table on the following page in as much detail as you can.
Type of course Most effective Why? Least effective Why? Most effective Why?
or study teaching teaching type of
methods methods assessment
Academic
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Vocational
General
interest
Work-based
upskilling
Mandatory
CPD
Research
Distance
Learning
Work-based
learning
LO 1.2
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This completes your work for LO1. Now review your learning and complete the following
reflective evaluation:
LO 4
Reflective Evaluation
Reflections on Learning
Reflections on Teaching
After completing this section, how do I feel about being a teacher/ trainer?
Independent Study
What did I read/watch/discuss with colleagues and friends
Actions
(What will I do as a result of my reflections?)
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Section 3 - LO2
The principles underpinning the curriculum
Before considering the principles of curriculum design it is important to consider some of the
issues that influence design. The Leitch Review of Skills: Prosperity for all in the global
economy - world class skills (2007) was one of the key influences on education and training
in the post-compulsory sector. http://www.delni.gov.uk/leitch_finalreport051206%5B1%5D-
2.pdf
There are a four overarching principles of curriculum design that will be discussed here. The
following website is very good indeed at explaining both the principles and a number of
different models too. The following web page links to some of the key principles. Please read
through this document as a whole first and then undertake the task
http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm
LO 2.1
Read through the web pages in this link and make explanatory notes and summarise the
key features of each of the following terms.
Dont forget to add the name of the theorist that is most closely associated with the principle
Curriculum as product
Curriculum as process
Curriculum as praxis
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Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of each of the principles that you have discussed
LO 2.1
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
The design of the curriculum comes about as a result of curriculum development. Once you
have decided
what your learners need to learn,
why they need to learn it.
Who your learners are and
how they are going to learn the knowledge and skills in their studies.
You then need to consider how you are going to design their curriculum.
There are six principles that you need to consider when designing the curriculum
Identify the key concepts that your learners will need to know and have a good
understanding about before they can move on to more complex learning. You will need to
create learning opportunities for these concepts and assessment activities so that you
can check when these concepts have been understood.
Use simple illustrations and language to introduce and teach these basic concepts
Limit the amount of new learning about different concepts and ideas especially early on
in the learning programme. Provide lots of opportunities for practice and group discussion
to help secure these concepts.
Once you are confident that the learners have grasp the basic concepts develop more
complex and sophisticated understanding through higher order skills. Blooms research
into developing higher order skills is very important here.
Develop learning activities so that the learners have the opportunity to recall and apply
different concepts in different contexts; or link different concepts together.
Think about the language that you use to explain tasks and activities to your learners; if
the learner is not confident that they know what compare, evaluate or analyse means
then they may be unable to accurately or confidently comply with your activity.
Complete a design for a curriculum in you own specialist area on the next page:
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Initial Assessment
Accommodation/resources
Methods of teaching
Methods of assessment
Exam/assessment
procedures
Progression
Teaching materials
Time table
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There are many different specific models that support different curriculum design principles in
different contexts of teaching and learning. Those that you are likely to be familiar with
already, and are most likely to meet are:
The web addresses above are suggestions you may have a range of other options available
to you.
LO 3.1
Write a brief summary of each of the models you have investigated above. Take care to
reference your work too.
Kolbs experiential learning cycle.
Other models that you may feel have validity for your courses or your learner groups may us
a different focal point; for example the entitlement or hidden curriculum, the integrated
curriculum and Curriculum 2000. You may also be involved in producing a blended or
distance learning course or a modular or holistic curriculum there are many more.
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Other curriculum models commonly found in the Lifelong Learning sector include:
Linear: http://www.slideshare.net/jonnamayberci/linear-model-of-curriculum
Modular: http://anandkab.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/modular-method-of-teaching.html
http://www.learningpaths.org/papers/modules.htm
Spiral: http://gearup.ous.edu/sites/default/files/Research-
Briefs/ResearchBriefSpiralCurriculum.pdf
LO 3.1
Write a brief summary of each of the models you have investigated above. Take care to
reference your work too.
Linear
Modular
Spiral
Blended and distance learning curriculum models have many advantages in terms of
convenience and cost effectiveness however they are time consuming to develop and need to
have structure and motivators too. Not all learners are successful in distance learning.
Intrinsic self-motivation must be high; but also well developed study and personal
organisational skills. Learners who lack these skills, or who need the frequent or face to face
feedback from their tutor can still fail even when their motivation and commitment is high.
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Blooms Learning Domains and Taxonomies also feature as part of curriculum development.
http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm
http://www.infed.org/biblio/communities_of_practice.htm
LO 3.1
Define the three Learning Domains
LO 3.1
Reflect upon the extent to which your own course matches the curriculum models above.
Apply one of the curriculum models to your own course and write a summary below with
examples
Curriculum design impacts upon learners motivation, attainment, retention and achievement.
Unfortunately the principles underpinning curriculum design and development may not be
either widely understood or considered important by teachers with conflicting priorities.
The curriculum model needs to have sufficient structure to allow the learners to establish
a routine but sufficient novelty to engage their continuing interest and motivation.
o Learners attend sessions prepared and ready to work. The success of your
curriculum design will be indicated by evidence of independent learning
especially self motivated enquiry and research.
The curriculum model needs sufficient repetition to enable learning to pass into the Long
Term Memory but be sufficiently varied to prevent tedious, rote learning.
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o As the concepts and skills become established the learners achieve increased
momentum new learning is assimilated more quickly and links made between
concepts.
The curriculum model needs to fulfil the requirements of the syllabus and the awarding
body but also meet the needs of the learners progression aspirations; whether further or
higher education, or employment.
o Learners may change and increase their aspirations for the future including
career goals
The curriculum model needs to provide feedback to the learners to enable them to
improve and develop to their potential even if they are being prepared for a final
terminal exam
o Learners and teachers can recognise an increased skills and knowledge base
which improves their confidence and self efficacy
The curriculum model needs to develop functional skills, recognising that these are life
skills required by everyone to meet the challenges of living in the 21st century
o Learners have the fundamental tools required to function; including being
accepted into the community of practice associated with their particular
progression route.
The curriculum model needs to recognise the hidden or entitlement curriculum those
parts of the learning environment concerned with problem solving, team work,
responsibility and reliability and being flexible and adaptable.
o Learners become aware of the variety of potential options surrounding particular
issues or situations and are solutions focused a can do attitude that
encourages innovation and sustains personal interest.
When choosing a curriculum model these factors need to be considered with specific
reference to your learners and your study programme.
Look at the different contexts of learning that were discussed earlier in this workbook (on
Page 6-7) and match them with the curriculum models that you have previously researched.
Note your answers in the table below:
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Section 4
Promoting equality and diversity in curriculum design LO3.2
Designing your own curriculum offers opportunities for promoting equality and celebrating
diversity. It is useful to raise your own awareness of the country of origin or cultural origins of
raw materials, products or designers associated with a particular curriculum area. This can
then be incorporated into your teaching sessions and the tasks you set your learners,
enhancing their learning experience. This has a particular benefit when learners can identify
with the geographical area or significant personnel.
It is important for teachers to be aware of the potential for accidental discriminatory practice
and counteract it in their own practice.
Using gendered language when a gender-neutral alternative is available.
Using vocabulary for disability that has become out of date, often because it has been
used in a derogatory context.
Failing to challenge discrimination especially language and behaviour in the learner
groups; passing it off as banter between course colleagues. This is still discriminatory
practice and can very quickly escalate. By ignoring it the teacher is giving learners tacit
permission to continue.
Applying differing standards and expectations of learners based on social, economic or
cultural background.
Using the phrase people first when considering language is useful for example using the
phrase: person with a hearing impairment helps you to focus on the person and then their
personal challenge rather than just the disability.
As a result of understanding your own learner groups; their previous experiences and their
particular strengths and challenges you can personalise the learning and create a course that
is closely suited to this group and maximise the opportunities to engage them more closely in
the learning process.
LO 3.2
Give two examples of strategies you use to promote equality and diversity in your own
courses and teaching.
Example 1
Example 1
LO3.3 should be covered in the work you did for Unit 9. LO3.1, 3.2. (Use of technology in
learning and teaching)
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Section 5
Applying curriculum models to practice LO 3.4
LO 3.4
Think about your own course. What curriculum model(s) match your own programme most
closely. (met by LO2.1 & 2.2 in Section 3, LO2)
LO 3.4
Evaluate the extent to which the curriculum model you use in your course at the moment
meets the needs of your learner groups. (Also see Section 3, LO2)
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
The lifelong learning sector has undergone a number of policy changes over recent years. We
will have the opportunity to consider this in more detail in the following unit. The impact of
policy has significant effects upon curriculum structure in the workplace. The impact may also
have an effect upon the learners and their learning preferences.
LO 3.4 Consider the impact of recent policy changes on your own area of work:
Policy Curriculum design Impact on learners
1.
2.
3.
LO 3.4
Having considered all of the above, how would you change the way that your course is
structured to make it even more appropriate for your own curriculum area and learner
groups?
Curriculum for different contexts LO 1.1 & 1.2
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Section 6
Evaluating own curriculum LO4
Evaluating your own performance in relation to curriculum design
Lesson Evaluation LO 4.1
level________________
N.B answer the statements on the left after delivering your session
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Signature Date
At this stage in your course you should be able to critically reflect upon the design of the
course you are teaching and identify ways in which both your course and your performance
could be developed for improvement. You should also be aware of the policy issues that
impact upon the delivery of your course.
Review your strengths and weaknesses in each of the areas covered in this unit and identify
how you will develop and improve your weak areas
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Section 7
Indicative reading list
Own Awarding Body documents in Internal Verification and Code of Practice for ensuring
standards
Armitage, A. (2003) Teaching and Training in the Post Compulsory Sector Open University
Press
Ashcroft K. and James D. (1998) The Creative Professional: Learning to teach 14-19 year
olds
Daines, Daines and Graham (1992) Adult Learning, Adult Teaching University of Nottingham
Dearing Reports
Reece, I. and Walker, S., (2004) A Practical Guide to Teaching and Learning Business
Education Publishers
Tummons, J. (2009) Curriculum Studies in the Lifelong Learning Sector Learning Matters Ltd
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Unit 7 - Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Workbook
Section 8
Assessment Briefing
Observation of Practice
You must organise and undertake an observed practice that demonstrates you ability to plan
and deliver a session for a particular group of learners from a scheme of work of your own
devising
Teaching File
Your teaching file with lesson evaluations must be available during the observation
Provide the following documentation to support your practical teaching :
Course syllabus and Awarding Body guidelines
Tutor Support materials
Your own organisations documentation regarding equal opportunities and inclusion.
Written response
Research into a range of theories and principles of curriculum design (suggest three).
Use this information to analyse and justify how appropriate your own particular curriculum
design is for a specific, identified learner group.
Pay particular attention to:
How equality and diversity is built in to the curriculum
The impact of social cultural and economic differences on teaching and learning and
achievement in your own specialist area
Ways to challenge discriminatory practice through the approach to curriculum design
Make sure you show the links between your own practice and the theories and models
you have researched.
Take at least 2 different contexts and analyse the way the curriculum differs. Justify and
evaluate the different contexts and show how this meets the needs of the learners.
Compare these contexts with the way your own subject is delivered. Detail how inclusive
practice is incorporated and evaluate how successful it is.
Evaluate your own effectiveness in curriculum design and justify the way your own
practice meets your learners needs.
Identify your own strengths and needs in curriculum development and design
Suggest ways you could improve your own knowledge and performance
Support your ideas with reference to theories and underpinning principles paying
particular attention to inclusive practice
Make sure that you have completed all the required components for your assessment before
you submit them
You will receive feedback on your assessment and have one opportunity to resubmit work that
does not fulfil the requirements of the Professional Standards.
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