CAD Package For Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis Using Finite Elements

CAD package for electromagnetic
and thermal analysis using finite elements
FLUX 10.3
2D and 3D Applications
New features
Copyright July 2009

FLUX software : Copyright CEDRAT/INPG/CNRS/EDF
CAOBIBS software : Copyright ECL/CEDRAT/CNRS/INPG
ACIS kernel : Spatial Corp.
FLUX documentation : Copyright CEDRAT
This users guide was published on 2 July 2009
Ref.: K101-102-EN-07/09
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FLUX 10.3 CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1. List of main news items ...........................................................................................................1

1.1. News regarding the geometric preprocessor................................................................................2
1.2. News regarding the physical preprocessor...................................................................................3
1.3. News regarding solver ..................................................................................................................6
1.4. News regarding the postprocessor ...............................................................................................7
1.5. Other news....................................................................................................................................8
2. Automatic mesh .....................................................................................................................11
2.1. Automatic adjustment: presentation............................................................................................12
2.2. Principle of deflection ..................................................................................................................14
2.3. Principle of mesh relaxation........................................................................................................16
2.4. Principle of shading (3D).............................................................................................................17
2.5. Example: description of automatic meshing of lines...................................................................18
3. The new circuit editor.............................................................................................................22
4. Kinematics coupling...............................................................................................................24
4.1. The motion in Flux: context .........................................................................................................25
4.2. Kinematics description: the news items in V10.3........................................................................26
4.3. Free mechanical set: the news items in V10.3 ...........................................................................27
4.4. Free mechanical set: defining the position..................................................................................28
4.5. Free mechanical set: choices included in Flux ...........................................................................29
5. Static initialization ..................................................................................................................30
5.1. The problem: context ..................................................................................................................31
5.2. The problem: complementary explanation..................................................................................33
5.3. The problem: example of the dynamo ........................................................................................35
5.4. Initialization by static calculation: new items 10.3.......................................................................36
5.5. Activate/inactivate the static initialization ....................................................................................37
5.6. Examples ....................................................................................................................................38
5.7. Static initialization: particular cases ............................................................................................40
6. The new 2D ...........................................................................................................................42
6.1. Activate/inactivate the new 2D....................................................................................................43
6.2. Physical description: implemented changes ...............................................................................44
6.3. Solving process and parameterization: implemented changes ..................................................47
6.4. Post-processing : implemented changes ....................................................................................49
6.5. The external coupling..................................................................................................................49
7. News items on solving process .............................................................................................50
8. Process automation : new PyFlux commands / new macros ................................................52
8.1. New PyFlux commands: access to help and to data ..................................................................53
8.2. New PyFlux commands: access to the different computation steps ..........................................54
8.3. New macros ................................................................................................................................56
USER'S GUIDE PAGE A

1. List of main news items
Introduction This section presents a list of the main news items of Flux 10.3 version.
The main news items are listed and the chapter references are given, where
the necessary information for a good usage of the new software capabilities is
presented in detail
Contents This section covers the following topics:
Topic See page

News regarding the geometric preprocessor 2
News regarding the physical preprocessor 3
News regarding solver 6
News regarding the postprocessor 7
Other news 8
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 1

List of main news items FLUX 10.3
1.1. News regarding the geometric preprocessor
News items This section presents the news items concerning the geometric preprocessor:
improvements of the infinite box (IB) region : visibility, correlation
selection relationship
improvements of the import/export options: a new format for the mesh
import/export (the MED format), improvement of the NASTRAN import
the automatic adjustment to the automatic mesh: new capabilities for an
automatic adjustment of the mesh density.
Improvements The news items are as follows:

regarding the the Set invisible command, applied to the infinite box, turns all points,
infinite box lines, faces, volume comprising the infinite box region invisible.
(IB)
It is possible to make a selection corresponding to the infinite box entity
Improvements The proposed news items are as follows:

regarding the The import of the geometry can be carried out starting from files containing
geometry the mesh of MED format: Model of Data Exchange (extension *.MED).
import/export
import of the surface and volume regions in NASTRAN
the advanced import is available in 64 bit (new version ACIS (R19))
Automatic New capabilities for the adjustment of the automatic mesh are proposed for
adjustment of the automatic adjustment of the mesh density.
automatic mesh
The manual process of creating and assigning the mesh points and mesh lines
is replaced by an automatic adjustment process, which adapts the mesh
density to the geometry and to its more or less complex curvatures
Two main algorithms are implemented: one algorithm of node relaxation on
the lines (faces), which can be coupled to an algorithm of deflection. This
results in the improvement of the mesh configuration permitting a very close
adherence to the shape of the geometry.
The process of mesh adjustment is considerably simplified (automatic) and
the mesh obtained is of very good quality.
The new process of automatic adjustment of the automatic mesh is presented
in a more detailed manner under 2 Automatic mesh .
PAGE 2 USER'S GUIDE

1.2. News regarding the physical preprocessor
News items This section presents the news items concerning the physical preprocessor:
a new circuit descriptor integrated in Flux
a new manner of approaching motion in Flux : the mechanical assemblies
of the Free type
new modes of describing motion for the mechanical assemblies in
translation or in rotation: imposed position / multiphysical position
the option of initiating a transient analysis starting from a static
initialization: the initialization of the transient analysis starting from a
steady state result facilitates the avoidance of numerical transitory
phenomena that have no physical meaning
a new function : the ValidLR (ValidLeftRight) function, permits the user
to adjust the definition interval of the gap function on the right and left
extremities.
Circuit A new integrated circuit descriptor in the Flux preprocessor is proposed in

descriptor order to replace the presently existing descriptor (Electriflux). This new
capability permits the description of the circuit directly within a Flux project.
The new circuit descriptor is presented in more detail:
in the online help under the section Couplings / Coupling circuit: software
aspects
under 3 of this document The new circuit editor
Mechanical set It is now possible to approach complex motions in Flux by means of a new
of the type Free type of mechanical set called Free .
The existing Translation and Rotation types of mechanical assemblies permit
to define the translation motions along an axis or the rotation around an axis.
The new type (Free) permits the displacement of the mobile in any position.
With this type of mechanical set, it is possible to carry out only analyses of
the multistatic type.
The mechanical set of free type is presented in more detail under 4
"Kinematics coupling.
Continued on next page
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 3

Mechanical set New modes for the description motion for the mechanical assemblies in
(2) translation or in rotation are proposed: imposed position/ multiphysical
position
The two new modes are as follows:
imposed position:
the position of the mechanical set is fixed by means of a formula.
multiphysical position:
the position of the mechanical set is fixed by means of a multiphysical
parameter; the value of this parameter can be an external value with
respect to the Flux environment (e.g. : coupling Flux-Portunus)
Static Within the framework of the Magnetic Transient applications, there are
initialization certain situations* for which the results obtained during the first time steps are
in 3D not important. The phenomena are called numerical transients , which are
of no physical significance.
To solve this problem, the resolution can now start by a static
initialization; the transient analysis is initialized starting from steady state
results in order to rectify the numerical transient phenomenon.
The static initialization is presented in more detail under 5 Static
initialization .
*
Example: devices with permanent magnets, three phase current sources, ...
Continued on next page.
PAGE 4 USER'S GUIDE

New funtion A new function is available in the formula editor: the ValidLR
ValidLR (ValidLeftRight) function, which permits the user to adjust the definition
interval of the gap function on the right and on the left extremities.
Reminder concerning the Valid function:
The Valid(X,X1,X2) function gives:
1 if X belongs to [X1, X2]
0 if not
New ValidLR function :
The ValidLR(X,X1,X2,L,R) function gives :
1 in one of the following conditions:
if L = 0 and R = 0 and if X belongs to [X1, X2] and if X1 < X < X2
if L = 0 and R 0 and if X belongs to [X1, X2] and if X1 < X <= X2
if L 0 and R = 0 and if X belongs to [X1, X2] and if X1 <= X < X2
if L 0 and R 0 and if X belongs to [X1, X2] and if X1 <= X <= X2
0 if not
The argument X1 or X2 can be omitted, like for the Valid function. In this
case X1 is considered to be infinite and X2 is + infinite.
Examples :
ValidLR(t,t1,t2,0,0) ValidLR(t,t1,t2,0,1)
1 1
0 t 0 t
t1 t2 t1 t2
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 5

1.3. News regarding solver
News items This section presents the new items pertaining to the solving process:
The new 2D: the physical applications usually approached with the legacy
2D (Solver_2D, Postpro_2D) can now be treated with the 3D solver and the
3D postprocessor.
The improvements/optimizations included in the solving process
The modifications of the solving options
The new 2D The physical applications usually treated with the legacy 2D modules,
Solver_2D and Postpro_2D, can now be treated with the 3D solver: it is the
new 2D module.
It is now possible to work 2D problems in the same environment - the Flux
environment, as has been the case for Flux 3D problems since version 10. The
construction of a Flux project consists of the geometric description, the mesh
generation, the physical description, the solving process and the utilization of
results; these procedures can now be carried out in the same interface.
Two solutions are now offered to the users to solve 2D problems:
the 2D version called 2D legacy with the different modules : Preflu2D
+ Solver_2D + PostPro_2D
the 2D version called new 2D with one working environment, the Flux
environment
The new 2D module is presented under 6 The new 2D .
Optimization of Numerous optimization activities have been carried out on the various
the solving algorithms implemented throughout the solving process.
process
Options for The modifications brought about to the solver options are associated to the
solvers optimizations over the solving process and to the introduction of the new 2D
module.
The options brought about by the news items V10.3 are as follows:
Option of adjusting the Newton-Ralphson method
Option of re-initialization of the state variables (transient applications)
Option of saving the solutions (multi-pas scenario)
The modifications to the solver options are presented under 7 News items
on solving process .
PAGE 6 USER'S GUIDE

1.4. News regarding the postprocessor
News items This section presents the news items concerning the postprocessor:
Improvement of 2D Curves option
Improvement of Isovalues / Arrows options
Printing in a file option
Isoline
Refer to online The news items concerning the postprocessor are presented in more detail in
help the online help under Construction of a Flux project / Exploitation of
results: software aspects .
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 7

1.5. Other news
Introduction This section covers other news items:

Component system for the Flux-Portunus coupling
Overlay motor compatible with Speed2007
PyFlux commands, macros
Renewing of online help
Co-simulation Flux-Portunus coupling allows modeling of complete mechatronic systems.

Flux-Portunus When considering an electromagnetic device, it is often difficult to separate
(1) from the device, the design of the control and drive and the impact of the
load.
Flux-Portunus coupling can take into account these different aspects.
Portunus
Flux3D
Networks
Block diagrams (both 2D and 3D solvers)
State machines
Spice netlist Control
Electromagnetic device Load
VHDL-AMS models & Drive
User models

Co-simulation Co-simulation Flux-Portunus is made from Portunus through a coupling

Flux-Portunus component (called FLUX). This component allows the management of
(2) exchange and the synchronization between Flux and Portunus.
Some characteristics of the coupling:
Portunus control Flux.
The physical application is the Transient Magnetic application
The physical parameters exchanged are:
I/O parameter of multiphysics type for input
Sensors or parameters defined by formula for output
Data exchanges are done through the API Multiphysics of Flux
On Flux side, before launching a co-simulation, the user must generate a
component called "Component for Portunus coupling". This action creates a
new flux project (the one that will be used for co-simulation) and a F2P file
containing information relating to that component of co-simulation.
PAGE 8 USER'S GUIDE

Co-simulation Two methods of co-simulation are proposed:
Flux-Portunus the "Fast", which allows - through a period of time, the decoupling of
(2) (continued) input and output of component of co-simulation (fastest method)
the "High precision", that integrates the component of co-simulation in the
overall resolution of the system. This method often requires several Flux
calculations at each time step of the system solving process; it is more
precise than the previous, but also takes more time.
An accurate management of the time step is also proposed: the time step of
the Flux solving process may be variable during the solving process. In
addition, when the time step is smaller than the flux time step, extrapolation
of Flux results can be done in 2 ways (linear or quadratic).
Overlay The motor libraries available in Flux are compatible with the libraries SPEED
libraries (2D) 2007.
Speed Flux
BPM Brushless Permanent Magnet
PC-BDC
BPM OR Brushless Permanent Magnet Outer Rotor
IM Induction Machine
PC-IMD
IM OR Induction Machine Outer Rotor
PC-DCM DCM Permanent Magnet DC Motor
PC-SRM SRM Switch Reluctance Machine
PyFlux The new commands for PyFlux are presented in 8 Process automation :
commands new PyFlux commands / new macros .
Macros The new macros are presented in 8 Process automation : new PyFlux
commands / new macros .
Online help The online help has been renewed. The format has been changed (html
format) in order to be accessible in Windows and Linux environments.
The search tool is more performing.
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 9

Automatic mesh FLUX 10.3
PAGE 10 USER'S GUIDE

2. Automatic mesh
Introduction An optimal mesh, in correlation with the geometry and physical properties of
the finite element model, is necessary to obtain more accurate numerical
results.
To carry out an optimal mesh in correlation with the geometry, the user has at
his disposal automatic mesh adjustment options. Today, the automatic mesh
adjustment permits an optimal mesh of the geometry without any information
about the mesh provided by the user. This capability does not permit to
provide a mesh that is correlated with the physical properties.
The automatic mesh adjustment relies on three principles: deflection,
relaxation and shading.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page

Automatic adjustment: presentation 12
Principle of deflection 14
Principle of mesh relaxation 16
Principle of shading 17
Example: description of automatic meshing of lines 18
Activate/inactivate the automatic mesh 21
USER'S GUIDE PAGE 11

2.1. Automatic adjustment: presentation
Problem With the manual mesh adjustment, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to
rapidly and correctly adjust the mesh of:
non plan faces or lines
narrow faces or lines
close faces or lines, but that do not belong to the same geometry
Example In the example below, if an automatic mesh of the faces without mesh
adjustment is carried out (no point discretization or line discretization):
the mesh does not correctly reflect the arc of circle of face (1)
the narrow face (3) is meshed in the same manner as the big face (2)
the mesh is not influenced by the proximity of two geometric entities, line
(4) and line (5).
1
2 3
5 4
To obtain an optimal mesh, the user must perform a certain number of manual
mesh adjustments (creation and allotting of point or line discretization,
allotting of mesh generator).

Solution With the 10.3 version, the user may perform mesh adjustments for an
automatic distribution of mesh nodes in adapted to the geometry, thus
obtaining a faster and better mesh quality (see, for instance, the example
below)
Example With the automatic mesh adjustment:

the mesh is denser on the narrow face and it progressively becomes less
dense when it gets farther from it
the mesh accounts for the curved faces of the geometry better
the mesh is more dense in zones proximal to several geometric entities of
relatively diminished mesh size.
In Flux The automatic mesh adjustment is accessible in Flux in the mesh options.
The by default adjustment of these options permits the user to obtain a
satisfactory mesh result in most cases. Meanwhile the user can also modify
the by default values.

2.2. Principle of deflection
Context Pertaining to the division into mesh elements of curved objects:

cones, cylinders, left faces (for the faces)
arcs of circle, left lines (for the lines)
the software makes use of deflection.
The division is illustrated in the figure below. The arc of circle is segregated
to a certain constraint set by the user.
Definition For a line element, the criterion of deflection corresponds to the distance d
measured between the centre of the line element and its projection on the
curve line.
Cutting by Schematically, on a curved line, for each line element, it is verified that the
deflection deflection should be inferior to the maximal deflection value defined by the
user during the mesh adjustment. If this condition is not verified, the initial
curve line is, by default, cut into two and so the resulting curved lines, up to
the moment when all distances d(1), d(2), .. are lower than the maximal
deflection distance.
d (1)
d d (2)

Operation in When the automatic adjustment is used, a line discretization of the
Flux deflection type is created and applied by default on all the curve lines of
the project. The deflection value is globally set by the user in the mesh
options.

2.3. Principle of mesh relaxation
Context The automatic mesh creates the largest elements of good quality possible in
consideration to the geometric entities size.
It will be:
denser for the small size entities of the type:
lines
faces
less compact on big size entities
Notion of There is a weight associated to each geometric node. This weight determines
weight the distance between two neighboring elements.
Repartition by To carry out the mesh relaxation, Flux modifies the weight of each
relaxation consecutive mesh node to progressively pass from a small element to a larger
one.
In the figure below, the weights of line (1) are smaller and influence the
weight of line (2).
The stronger the relaxation is, the faster the weights of line (2) will grow.
Operation in At a first step, Flux allots huge weights to each node of the geometry. A
Flux relaxation algorithm facilitates then, the distribution of the node weights in
support of the configuration of the geometry.
The smaller weights influence the bigger weights.
The user has at his disposal different adjustments levels for the relaxation:
weak
average
strong
user
The weaker the relaxation is, the less important the distance between the
biggest and the smallest weight is. The mesh is then slightly less regulated in
the larger zones.

2.4. Principle of shading (3D)
Context The shading principle permits the consideration of the proximity between two
objects to define the mesh.
Flux uses the principle of shading to adjust the mesh of close geometric
objects.
Notion of With two geometric objects (generally two non-adjoining volumes, but close
shading to one another), the shading can be defined as a print made on the nodes
situated in the proximity zone of the two entities.
(an example added)
Example In the example below, volumes (2) and (3) are very close to volume (1) but
they do not touch it. The zones or the volumes that are almost in contact will
be meshed in a denser manner.

2.5. Example: description of automatic meshing of lines
Example The different phases of the automatic mesh of the lines by Flux are described
in the simple example to follow.
The purpose of this example is to show step by step how the automatic mesh
operates to carry out the meshing of lines. The meshing of faces and of
volumes is not described in this example.
Represented The device represented has, among other things, two rounded corners (to the
device right) and a circle at its centre.
Phase The different phases carried out by Flux during the mesh line are shown in the
table to follow:
Phase Description
1 Initial mesh
2 Mesh by deflection
3 Relaxation of mesh
4 Internal mesh
Initial mesh During the initial mesh phase, the software allots by default the very
important weights to the geometric nodes.

Mesh by During the activation of the automatic mesh options the software creates a
deflection line discretization of the deflection type and it allots it by default to all the
curve lines of the domain.
This discretization permits a better repartition of the mesh and a better taking
into consideration of the geometry on the curve lines.
The algorithm permits the creation of the number of mesh nodes necessary for
the taking into consideration of the line curvature.
Relaxation of The small weight influences the strongest one. Several weak weight nodes are
mesh created during the deflection phase.
The software applies a coefficient to smooth the weight of the mesh
nodes created during the initial mesh in relationship with the other and to
create supplementary mesh nodes if necessary.

Internal mesh Supplementary mesh nodes are also created to cover the set of lines pertaining
to the deflection and to the weights smoothing.
Conclusion Flux uses the same principle to mesh the faces and the volumes.

2.6. Activate/inactivate the automatic mesh
Introduction Two solutions are then offered to the users:

the mesh with manual adjustments (as in V10.2 and earlier versions), ie
the creation and assignment of mesh point and mesh line on the points and
lines
the mesh with automatic adjustments (V10.3), as described in the
paragraphs above.
the mesh with automatic and manual adjustments
Activation / The activation / inactivation of the automatic mesh is done in the box
deactivation Geometry Mesh Options (menu Tools / Geometry Mesh Options / Edit)

The new circuit editor FLUX 10.3
3. The new circuit editor
Circuit A new integrated circuit descriptor in the Flux preprocessor is proposed in

descriptor order to replace the presently existing descriptor (Electriflux). This new
capability permits the description of the circuit directly within a Flux project.
The new circuit descriptor is presented in more detail:
in the online help under the section Couplings / Coupling circuit: software
aspects
in the blocks below
Advantages of Here are advantages of the new circuit editor to assimilate with the old editor
the new circuit circuit Electriflux.
editor
Advantages of the new circuit editor

Possibility to fully characterize the circuit.
The new circuit editor is compatible with operating systems Windows 32 and 64GB and
also with Linux.
Possibility to visualize all relations between circuit components and potentials in a table
disposed in the circuit editor context.
The new XCIR export/import format allows importing any circuit in any magnetic 2D or
3D applications (Transient Magnetic, Steady State AC Magnetic, Steady State AC
Magnetic coupled with Transient Thermal). The components non compatible are
detected and removed.
Various XCIR import options :
Import values of components : possibilities to have formula with I/O parameters, if
these exist on project
Import circuit/finites elements
Conditions to respect : same dimension, same name for coupling region or coupling
coil, coupling regions must have previously characterized
Setting up a backup (see block below)
Pythons commands associated with circuit also contain graphical
Many graphical manipulation possibilities (zoom, drag): this operation mode is
homogeny with the operation mode of standard geometric view of Flux.
Formats from old circuit editor (Electriflux, Cirflu) are compatible and therefore its
possible to modify the circuit in circuit editor context.

Comparative Comparative table between various circuit formats
Comparative table between various circuit formats

CCS TXT CIF XCIR
Circuit description OK OK OK OK
Graphical informations (Table) OK X X OK
All values of components X OK OK OK
circuit/elements finites association X X X OK
Contains circuit informations for each application X X X OK
Automatic For each output of the circuit editor context, an XCIR export of the circuit is
backup done to a file registered on project root and it is called NameOf
Project_log1.xcir. This name increase for each output (xxx_log1.xcir,
xxx_log2.xcir, xxx_log3.xcir ).
for each output of circuit editor context, in the file Flux2D_log.py ou

Flux3D_log.py the following commands are added :
Delete the circuit
import the circuit NameOfProject_log1.xcir with all values and with all
circuit/finites elements associations
Using advice :
To dont erase backup XCIR files exports done, rename all files
xxx_log1.xcir and also report changes in file Flux2D_log.py ou Flux
3D_log.py in the XCIR import command
If the user recuperate the file Flux2D_log.py or Flux3D_log.py, please also
dont forget all files xxx_log1.xcir
List of Tools barrs

circuit
information Graphical sheet
Graphical sheet
General
Data
List of circuit
informations
USER'S GUIDE PAGE23

23
Kinematics coupling FLUX 10.3
4. Kinematics coupling
Introduction This section presents the news items concerning the kinematics coupling.
This section explains:
new modes of describing motion for the mechanical assemblies in
translation or in rotation: imposed position / multiphysical position
a new manner of approaching motion in Flux : the mechanical set of the
Free type
Topic See Page

The motion in Flux: context 25
Kinematics description: the news items in V10.3 26
Free mechanical set: the news items in V10.3 27
Free mechanical set: defining the position 28
Free mechanical set: choices included in Flux 29

4.1. The motion in Flux: context
Reminder The kinematic module of Flux enables the study of the displacement of a
moving part in of a device determined by mechanical forces (due to springs,
friction, gravity, ), and electromagnetic forces (generated by magnets,
coils, ).
The studied motions are translational motion or of rotational. The associated
kinematics can be of multi static type, imposed speed or coupled load. A
summary of the main conditions is given in the following sections.
Reminder: all the kinematics informational pieces are grouped at the level of the
mechanical set.
Types of Different types of mechanical sets are presented in the table below.
mechanical set
Mechanical set
enables the regrouping of the
Type ...
regions corresponding to
fixed fixed parts
the air area which
compressible
surrounds the moving part
rotation around one axis the parts moving
in rotation around an axis
translation along one axis the parts moving
in translation along an axis
Types of Different types of kinematics (= computation mode) are presented in the

kinematics table below.
Kinematics (= computation mode)

Type enables the execution of a computation
of multi-position type:
in Magneto Static application
Multistatic ( parameterized study )
in Steady State AC Magnetic application
( parameterized study)
Imposed speed at imposed speed in Transient Magnetic application
Coupled load with magneto-mechanical coupling
in Transient Magnetic application
USER'S GUIDE PAGE25

25
4.2. Kinematics description: the news items in V10.3
What is The release of Version 10.3 introduces two new types of kinematics for the
presented in mobile mechanical assemblies: imposed position / multiphysics position
10.3
The set-upset of the various selections offered is detailed in the table below.
The new types of kinematics are presented in the following sections.
Magnetic Mechanical set Scenario

application Type of kinematics Type of control
Static, Multi static Controlled parameter :
Steady State I/O parameter: XXX_POS_MechSet)
Transient Imposed Position Control by time (TIME)
position (defined by a formula)
Imposed Constant speed Control by time (TIME) or
speed (defined by a formula) Control by position
(ANGPOS_"NAME" or LINPOS_"NAME")
Coupled Kinematics Control by time (TIME)
load characteristics(m, f, ...)
Transient Multiphysics Position Control by position
position (defined by an I/O (ANGPOS_"NAME" or LINPOS_"NAME")
parameter of I/O parameter of multiphysics type
multiphysics type)
New type The new type Imposed position permits the user to enter a formula to
Imposed describe the motion.
position
The I/O parameter: ANGPOS_mechanical_set is then an I/O parameter of the type

controlled by a scenario (not visible in the data tree)
New type The new type Multiphysics position permits the user to control where the
Multiphysics mechanical set is (The position can be updated externallyfrom the exterior).
position Example: of coupling with Portunus: the calculation of the position in
function of the forces ... can be performed externally in Portunusat the
exterior and the new position thenis introduced into Flux)
The I/O parameter: ANGPOS_mechanical_set is then an I/O parameter of the

multiphysical type (visible in the data tree)

4.3. Free mechanical set: the news items in V10.3
What is offered The release of V10.3 introduces the motion called free . This motion
in V.10.3 accounts for complex motions (viz. other than the translation motion
along an axis or the rotation motion around an axis). This motion is defined
by a list of positions, which can be applied to the mobile part.
This new type of mechanical assembly is presented in the following sections.
Mechanical set The description of a free motion is made by means of a new type of
of the free type mechanical assembly: the mechanical assembly is the Free Motion type.
The list of positions, which can be performed by the mobile part, are defined
by: a table of values (multi points), a path, a 2D grid or a 3D grid.
Types of The various kinematics types for free motion will be the same* as for a
kinematics rotation or a translation motion via:
Multi static
Imposed speed
Coupled charge
* To date only the Multi static kinematics type is available
Operation The operation in Flux is a bit different from the usual operation (translation
motion, rotation motion). The main steps are presented in the table below.
Step Description
1 Creation of a mechanical set of the free motion type
(The positions taken by the mobile part are not entered by the user
at the moment of creation)
...
2 Creation of a scenario (piloting of the solving process)
definition of the list of different positions of the mobile part
The position of the mobile part is controlled via a parameter I/O automatically
created by Flux (FREEPOS_NameMechanicalSet).
USER'S GUIDE PAGE27

27
4.4. Free mechanical set: defining the position
Position of the The free motion is defined by a list of positions of the mobile mechanical set.
free mechanical
set To define these positions, the mobile mechanical set will be dependent on the
reference coordinate system.
Definition Let us consider:

RREF the defining coordinate system of the mobile mechanical set
(reference coordinate system)
RA the defining coordinate system of a particular position A of the mobile
mechanical set
The coordinate system RA is defined in relation with the coordinate system RREF by
means of the magnitudes presented in the table below.
Information Description RA
Position Coordinates of the center of the RREF
coordinate system RA in the RREF :

(Xc, Yc, Zc)
Orientation Components* of coordinate system RA
in the reference coordinate system
RREF : (Ux,Uy,Uz), (Vx,Vy,Vz)
(Wx,Wy,Wz)
*
see a more accurate definition in the section below.
Complements Let us consider:

three unitary orthogonal vectors Ex, Ey, Ez and an origin O defining the
initial coordinate system (of reference) of the mechanical set: RREF
three unitary orthogonal vectors E1, E2, E3 be and an origin C defining the
position A of the mechanical set: RA
The second coordinate system is known in the E3

first one, which means that the triplets
(Ux,Uy,Uz), (Vx,Vy,Vz) et (Wx,Wy,Wz) are Ez E1
known as:
E1 = Ux*Ex + Uy*Ey + Uz*Ez E2
E2 = Vx*Ex + Vy*Ey + Vz*Ez
E3 = Wx*Ex + Wy*Ey + Wz*Ez Ey
Ex
Remark :
The third triplet (Wx,Wy,Wz) is not necessary, as, when the first and the second
triplets are known, it is easy then to know this last one, given that the coordinate
system is orthonormaled. Therefore: E3 = E1 E2.

4.5. Free mechanical set: choices included in Flux
List of positions The definition of the list of positions can be carried out in various manners in
Flux: table of points, points on a path, points on a 2D grid or points on a 3D
grid.
Choices The available choices in Flux to define a list of positions and the necessary
characteristics in Flux are presented in the table below and detailed in the
following sections.
Choices Characteristics
Multi points a table of positions
Path a parameterized path f(s1)
the variation interval of the parameter s1 :
[s1min, s1max]
the number of points in the definition interval of the
parameter s1
2D grid a parameterized 2D grid f(s1, s2)
the variation intervals of the parameters s1 and s2 :
[s1min, s1max], [s2min, s2max]
the number of points in each of the definition intervals
of the parameters s1 and s2
3D grid a parameterized 3D grid f(s1, s2, s3)
the variation intervals of the parameters s1, s2 and s3 :
[s1min, s1max], [s2min, s2max], [s3min, s3max]
the number of points in each of the definition intervals
of parameters s1, s2 et s3

Static initialization FLUX 10.3
5. Static initialization
Introduction This section presents the Initialization by static calculation

This is about the new initial conditions proposed in V10.3 for the solving of a
project with the Transient Magnetic application. These initial conditions
permit the user to get rid of the phenomena of numeric transient associated to
the presence of field sources (permanent magnets, current sources) and to the
calculation conditions in Flux.
The initialization by statistic calculation is a Flux news item (Flux 3D and
new 2D). Initial conditions of the same type are proposed in the 2D solver
(Flux 2D legacy).
Topic See Page

The problem: context 31
The problem: complementary explanation 33
The problem: example of the dynamo 35
Initialization by static calculation: new items 10.3 36
Activate/inactivate the static initialization 37
Examples 38
Static initialization: particular cases 40

5.1. The problem: context
TM The Transient Magnetic application allows the study of the phenomena

application: created by a time variable magnetic field. The magnetic field is related to
definition the presence of variable currents (and possibly permanent magnets).
TM The Transient Magnetic application can be used for different types of devices.
application : We are principally interested in the study of devices supplied by current of
use varied shape (echelon, trapezoid, ) or by transient phenomena (linked to
current variation caused by powering, short circuits, )
The different foreseeable situations are the following:
different types of field source: magnets, currents, dipoles, source of
magnetic field (magnetic field source 3D, imposed magnetic flux)
different forms of current: periodic sinusoidal, periodic trapezoidal,
echelon, constant, ...
different studied regimes: transient, permanent
with or without electric circuit coupling
TM A study carried out with the Transient Magnetic application is a study in

application : time domain: d/dt 0 (transient regime or variable regime: the current in the
calculation coil sources vary in function of time).
conditions
The initial values of state variables (calculation starting point) are zero in all
computation domain (variables set to zero).
The numerical method of resolution consists of a sequence of resolutions in
time. The solutions are not independent from each other: each solution is
linked to the previous one by the temporal equation.

Problem: There is a certain number of situations in which the starting of the

transient simulation and the taking into consideration of all the pieces of information at
numeric the initial time t = 0 s is not carried out in real accord with the physical
reality .
The starting is accompanied then by a numeric transient , which distorts
the solving process. This numeric transient has the following
shortcomings:
increase of calculation time
false results over the first time steps
convergence problems (essentially in 3D)
The at risk situations are the following ones:
magnet or non null sources of current at the initial time t = 0 s
solid conductors and/or coil conductors coupled with electric circuit

5.2. The problem: complementary explanation
What happens When there are non-null sources of field at the initial time t = 0 s (magnets or
when there are currents), these sources are not always correctly taken into account in the
non null Flux model.
sources at In Flux: the initial values of the state variables (starting point of calculation)
t=0s?
are zero in all computation domains (variables set at zero).
In reality: the field sources (permanent magnets or currents) produce
field before the moment of the study starting (t = 0 s)
Complementary explanations in the table below.
In reality In the Flux simulation

The permanent magnet produces The permanent magnet produces field
field since it is positioned /introduced since the moment when the study begins
into the device (initial time t = 0 s)
B B
0 t 0 t
Consequence :
The numerical evaluation of the derivative d/dt is not correct in the simulation in
proximity of initial time t0 = 0 s.
at the first time step t = t1 :
the value of the quantity d/dt is very important, because
= t1 t0 = t1
at the second time step t = t2 :
the value of d/dt is much more reduced, because = t 2 t1

At the level of At the level of Flux magnetic field sources (coil or solid conductors), the
Flux magnetic relationship connecting the current and the voltage is the following:
field sources
d
u(t) = Ri(t) +
dt
If the sources of the magnetic field in the device are permanent magnets, the
induced voltage d/dt is not correct evaluated in the simulation in proximity
of initial time t = 0 s, which generates a numeric overvoltage at the conductor
terminals.
This overvoltage can be explained by the fact that at the first time step the
magnetic flux in the coils varies from the initial zero value to the flux created
by the magnet; as explained in the previous section, this variation is very
important in comparison with the same flux variation in the following time
steps.
At the level of At the level of passive components of the type inductance or capacitor, the
passive relationships linking the current and the voltage are reminded in the table
components below.
If there is over-voltage or over-current in the proximity of initial time t = 0 s,
the values of the derivatives dI/dt et dU/dt are equally false.
Current-voltage Characteristic
Component Initial value
characteristic quantity
d L is the value of the
inductor U ( t ) = L I( t )
dt inductance (in H)
d C is the value of the Initial voltage
capacitor I( t ) = C U ( t )
dt capacitance (in F) U (t = 0)

5.3. The problem: example of the dynamo
Presentation The studied device is a dynamo.
Computation conditions :
flux set by magnets
on the rotor
rotor with imposed
speed
induced voltage on
coils (stator)
Finite Elements domain Electric circuit
Results The voltage measured at the terminals of one of the coils is represented in the
figure below. The real time variation Reference voltage and the Flux result
are presented in the table below.
Reference voltage Voltage calculated in Flux

Volt Volt
20
10
-49,999
-100
-10
-150
-20 s. s.
0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02
Voltage oscillation around 20 V Initial over-voltage of 150 V
An initial overvoltage has appeared, of about 150 V. This voltage peak is due
to the fact that, at the first time step, the variation of the magnetic flux in the
coils between the initial - no flux and the flux corresponding to the first time
step (flux due to magnets) is very important. This peak of voltage, of
numerical origin, has no physical meaning, and it can be at the origin of a
long numerical transient, useless for the simulation.
In reality, the variation of magnetic flux is only linked to the displacement of
the rotor (and so forth of the magnets).

5.4. Initialization by static calculation: new items 10.3
What is To get free of this problem, with 10.3 new calculation conditions at initial
proposed in time t = 0 s are proposed, named Initialization by static calculation .
10.3
These calculation conditions are presented in the following section.
Conditions of The initialization by static calculation is characterized by particular

calculation calculation conditions for the first time step: conditions, which permit to
annul all the terms in d/dt at the first step.
These conditions are summed up in the table below.
Element of the Hypotheses / conditions of calculation at t = 0 s

device in the finite elements domain in the electric circuit
Active skin effects, proximity effects are not DC resistance of solid
(circuit taken into consideration conductors
Solid coupling)) (= non solid conductor regions) (electric conduction resistance)
conductor passive Induced currents are not taken into
(no circuit consideration -
coupling) (= non solid conductor regions)
Current in coil resistance
Coil conductor
due to circuit solving (of coil conductor)
Element of the device in the electric circuit

Resistance
Resistor
(values of the component Resistor)
Inductance replaced by:
Inductor
a resistor with small resistance
with initial Capacitor replaced by:
voltage Uc a voltage source* (U = Uc)
Capacitor
without initial Capacitor replaced by:
voltage an open circuit
*
Caution: for circuit with capacitor (with initial voltage) you must add a
switch in the circuit (see .5.7 Static initialization: particular cases).

5.5. Activate/inactivate the static initialization
Activation / The activation / inactivation of the initialization by static calculation is done

inactivation in the definition box of the application.
By default, the initialization is:

With zero initial solution (variables set to 0)

5.6. Examples
Example 1 Magnet placed at the center of the coil
Finite elements description: Circuit description:
U(t) = 5*cos(t)
Mobile
magnet
Coil
Magnetic
Cylinder
Head
Results without SI : Results with SI :

Example 2 Variable reluctance speed sensor as describe in the Generic Tutorial for Flux
3D
Finite elements description: Circuit description:
WHEEL
C OIL 1
PROBE 1
MAGNET 1
C OIL 2
PROBE 2
MAGN ET 2
Results with and without SI :

2,E-02
1,E-02
7,E-03 without SI
1,E+01
with SI
2,E-03
U(B1)
8,E+00
-3,E-03 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
without SI
with SI
6,E+00 -8,E-03
U(B1)
-1,E-02
4,E+00
-2,E-02
Time (s)
2,E+00
-2,E-02
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
Time (s)

5.7. Static initialization: particular cases
General case The static initialization can handle "cleanly" (without numeric transient) the
cases where there are non-null sources of field at the initial time t = 0 s:
magnets, currents (constant, three-phase, ...)
Cas particuliers There are a number of situations in which there are:

non-null sources of field at the initial time t = 0 s (as described previously)
and a change in the state of the circuit at t = 0 s
Contactor (establishment of the voltage at t = 0 s)
Closing switch
Discharge of capacitor
These situations are presented in the blocks below.
Contactor Contactor with magnet; establishment of the voltage at t = 0 s :

initialization by static calculation allows to take into account the flux
generated by the magnets
to respect the "assumptions associated with the initialization by static
calculation", the voltage should be set at t = 0 + epsilon
voltage is described with the function Valid or the function ValidLR as
presented in the figure below
Finite element description: Circuit description:
Yoke
Magnetic Magnet
circuit U0(t)
48 V
Coil around the core and the magnet

is not represented 0 t
U(t) = U0*Valid(t, 1e-8,)

U(t) = U0*ValidLR(t,0, ,0,0)

Switch Device with magnet, and electrical circuit with a switch closes at t = 0 s :
calculation", the switch must be closed at t = 0 + epsilon
see examples below
U0(t) U0(t)
48 V 5
0 t
0 t
U0 (t) = 48*ValidLR(t,0,,0,0) U0 (t) = 5*cos(*t)*ValidLR(Time,0,,0,0)
Contactor Contactor with magnet; establishment of the voltage at t = 0 s :

calculation", the voltage should be set at t = 0 + epsilon
voltage is described with the function Valid or the function ValidLR as
presented in the figure below
Capacitor Device with magnet, and electrical circuit with discharge of a capacitor at
t=0s:
calculation", you must:
add a switch in series with the capacitor
open the switch at t = 0 + epsilon

The new 2D FLUX 10.3
6. The new 2D
Introduction The physical applications usually treated with the legacy 2D modules,
Solver_2D and Postpro_2D, from now on can be treated with the 3D solver: it
is the new 2D module.
It is possible from now on to work 2D problems in one and the same
environment, the Flux environment, as it has been the case already for 3D
problems since version 10. The construction of a Flux project that consists in
the geometric description, the mesh generation, the physical description, the
solving process and the exploitation of results can from now on be carried out
in the same environment.
Topic See Page

Activate/inactivate the new 2D 43
Physical description: implemented changes 44
Solving process and parameterization: implemented changes 47
Post-processing : implemented changes 49
The external couplingErreur ! Source du renvoi 49
introuvable.

6.1. Activate/inactivate the new 2D
Introduction Two solutions are then offered to the users today to solve 2D problems:
the 2D version called 2D legacy with the different modules : Preflu2D
+ Solver_2D + PostPro_2D
the 2D version called new 2D with one working environment, the Flux
environment
Activation / The activation / inactivation of the New 2D is done in the definition box of
inactivation the application.
The choices are explained in the table below.
Solver Description
Automatic Solveur = Flux 2D Solver
(dfault choice)
Flux 2D Solver Solving process with Solver_2D
Results postprocessing with PostPro_2D
Flux 3D Solver Solving process and results postprocessing
in Flux environment (= Flux3D)
Physical The physical applications available / and not available with the new 2D are
applications presented in the following tables.
Available applications
Magnetic Magneto Static / Transient Magnetic / Steady State AC Magnetic
Electric Electro Static / Electric Conduction / Steady State AC Electric
Thermal Steady State Thermal / Transient Thermal
Not available applications

Magnetic Steady State AC Magnetic 2D with H normal
Magnetic with Velocity Term 2D
Not available applications / coupling of the applications

Magnetic/ Thermal Steady State AC Magnetic / Transient Thermal
Electric/ Thermal Electric Conduction / Transient Thermal
Steady State AC Electric / Transient Thermal

6.2. Physical description: implemented changes
Introduction The main changes associated with the physical description of the problem are
presented in the following sections.
Boundary The boundary conditions are in general automatically set when the model
conditions (1) includes an infinite box (IB).
The differences between the legacy 2D and the new 2D are presented in the
table below.
With IB
Applications 2D legacy New 2D
Magnetic Dirichlet boundary condition:
Magnetic vector potential (A = 0)
Tangent magnetic field
Electric Dirichlet boundary condition / Dirichlet boundary condition /
Reference electric potential Reference electric potential set
(imposed value: V = 0) by the user (floating or
automatically imposed imposed)
Normal electric field Normal electric field
Thermal No infinite box possible -
in 2D legacy
Without IB
Applications 2D legacy New 2D
Magnetic Homogeneous Neuman boundary condition (dA/dn = 0)
Normal magnetic field
Except if Rotating AirGap
(A = 0)
Tangent magnetic field
Electric Homogeneous Neuman boundary condition (dV/dn = 0)
Tangent electric field
Thermal Homogeneous Neuman boundary condition: adiabatic boundary
(no thermal exchanges with the exterior 0 = 0)
Attention (particular case of rotating machines described with the rotating

airgap) :
2D legacy:
in the absence of IB, the boundary condition automatically allotted at the
limit of the computation domain is the Dirichlet condition of null magnetic
potential vector (A = 0), the magnetic field is tangent to the border
New 2D:
in the absence of IB, the boundary condition automatically allotted at the
limit of the computation domain is the Normal magnetic field condition
it is advisable to use the IB

Boundary With the New 2D, when the computation domain is of the type 2D
condition (2) axisymmetric, the boundary conditions on the axis are automatically set
Materials The models proposed for the material properties (B(H), J(E), D(E), k(T),
CP(T) are the same (New 2D and 2D legacy) with the exception of the
models proposed for the non linear magnets .
The models are presented in the table below.
Anisotropic material: nonlinear approximation
Nonlinear magnet described by Hc and the Br module
Nonlinear magnet described by Hc and the Br module, plus knee adjustment
Nonlinear magnet described by a spline
For the models associated with non linear magnets , the differences between the
New 2D and the 2D legacy are summed up in the table below.
Direction 2D legacy New 2D

magnetization B(H) = function (H, Hc, Br, r) B(H) = function(H, Hc, Br, r)
transversal B(H) = idem B (H) = 0 r H
direction of magnetization*
*
Attention :
the value entered by the user for the transversal mu is not taken into consideration in
the 2D legacy
Circuit New 2D and circuit coupling (1):

coupling (1) the electric circuit coupling in the Flux environment requires the
introduction of a reference of potential. A component of the ground type
must be added to the electric circuit
to get rid of the connectivity problem, two solutions are possible:
to add a ground in the electric circuit mesh (it is not useful to connect the
meshes)
to add one ground only for the circuit (it is useful to connect the meshes
like in 2D legacy)
Circuit New 2D and circuit coupling (2):

coupling (2) components Thyristor and GTO are not available

Kinematics New 2D and kinematics coupling (1):

coupling (1) the proposed rotation and translation motions are presented in the table
below (no more rotation air gap / no more translation air gap)
the translation motion can be carried out on the OY axis and on the OX
axis
it is possible to create more mobile mechanical assemblies
Translation Rotation
Sliding
(without fixed
re-meshing) mobile
compressible
Displacement
(with
re-meshing)
Kinematics New 2D and kinematics coupling (2):

coupling (2) In the presence of symmetry(s) / periodicity(s) the rules of 2D legacy are
different from the rules of the new 2D:
2D legacy:
mechanical quantities associated with the part of the device represented
in the domain
New 2D:
mechanical quantities associated with the total geometry of the studied
device
2D legacy New 2D
Kinematic characteristics* are
defined for ... the part of the
the entire device
Computed values of forces or device represented
torques are provided for ...
* Kinematic characteristics are :

mass or moment of inertia
resistive force or resistive torque

6.3. Solving process and parameterization: implemented
changes
Control the The solving process is controlled directly by the user by means of a solving
solving process scenario. The scenario can be of the mono value or multi value type as it is
by means of a presented in the table below.
scenario
It is possible to have more scenarios in the same Flux project.
Scenario Description
Mono value or The values of the different parameters of the Flux project
mono-step) are set:
reference value
values chosen by the user
Multi value (or The values of the different parameters of the Flux project
multi-step) are variable:
intervals of variation and mode of variation defined by
the scenario
In a Flux transient application the solving scenario sets up the time control, i.e. the
values of time steps.
Within a parametric analysis, the solving scenario sets up the control of parameters,
i.e. the values of parameters for various cases (computation steps).
The The parametric solving process and the transient solving process are
parametric/ implemented by means of parameters called Entry / Exit parameters .
transient These parameters are entirely controlled by the user. Some examples are
solving process presented in the tables below.
I/O parameter
Parametric analysis Examples of values
Name Type
(1) geometric AIRGAP controlled 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3 mm
(2) physical MUR controlled 100, 1000 and 4000
Time dependent I/O Parameter

Examples of values
study Name Type
(3) time dependent TIME controlled 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, s
study (transient COURANT = 25 *
application) CURRENT formula
VALID(TIME,0.02)
Time dependent I/O Parameter

Examples of values
study Name Type
TIME controlled 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, s
(3) time dependent TIME CURRENT

study (transient 0 0
application) CURRENT tabulated 0.019 0
0.02 25
0.04 25

Example Examples
for the currents all the functions are available (standard Flux functions
available : cos, sin, trapeze, valid, +, -, .)
for the materials : parametering of the behaviour law B(H), J(E), . By
means of these own parameters (of the type I/O parameter)

6.4. Post-processing : implemented changes
Post-processing The possibilities are those of Flux (3D)
Component 2D legacy New 2D

Animations via macro
animation
Post- 3D curve via macro (export
3D curves
processing excel)
Predefined calculation
Calculation Presets via formulas
6.5. The external coupling
External The possibilities are those of Flux (3D)

coupling
Component 2D legacy New 2D

Multi physics Predefined Thermal
External Coupling (other software)
coupling coupling
Co-simulation with
System Coupling Co-simulation with Portunus
Simulink
User version User versions implemented to work with legacy 2D do not work with the new
2D.

News items on solving process FLUX 10.3
7. News items on solving process
Introduction This section presents the modifications regarding the solving options.
Solving process The solving process options permit the adjustment of the various algorithms
options: implemented throughout the process.
reminder
These can be:
adjustment of linear solvers
adjustment by the Newton Raphson method (taking into consideration non-
linearity)
adjustment by the Euler method (taking into consideration variable/transient
analyses)
News items on The modifications brought to the solving process options are associated to the
V10.3 optimizations obtained in the process and the introduction of the new 2D.
These options based on the news items V10.3 are as follows:
Adjustment option by the Newton Raphson method
Option of initialization of the state variables (transient magnetic)
Option of saving solutions (multi-step scenario)
They are listed in the following sections.
Adjustment The NR method adjustment parameters are described in the chapter Solving
option by the process principle
Newton
Raphson There are different methods to define the coefficient of relaxation by the
method Newton Raphson method. The proposed choices (with the V10.3) are
presented in the table below.
Method ... Description
Automatically determined En 2D = without relaxation*
En 3D = optimal (except if Surface Impedance:
stairs)
Optimal (by computation) See documentation
2-step stairs See documentation
Constant value See documentation
Fujiwara News items V10.3 (Acc. to following section)
without relaxation No relaxation = 1
*no relaxation in 2D as there are activities being carried out with the vector potential
and the H(B) curve.

Fujiwara This method derives directly from the optimal method, the research is done
method starting from two calculations of W for = 1/2 and = 3/2 and of the et of
the W value at the previous step. These three values of W permit us to
empirically determine an between [0; 2] minimizing the objective function.
Firstly, alpha is set for 1
We will note that this method requires exactly two calculi of Wi and
authorizes the over-relaxation (alpha > 1) for a higher variation de la solution.
Option of For the transient applications, for each time step, the state variables can take
initialization of for their initial value the values of the precedent time step, or they can be
the state reinitialized from zero.
variables
The choices proposed by default (with the V10.3) are presented in the table
below.
Initialization ... Description

automatically in 2D = no state variable set to zero
specified in 3D = all state variables set to zero (by default)
reinitialization
no state variable set state variables non-reinitialized (initial values = value
to zero of the precedent time step)
Vector potential
all state variables reinitialized state variables (initial values = zero)
set to zero Scalar potential
These choices improve (foster and accelerate) the convergence for the non linear
problems
Option of For multi-step analyses, there are different strategies of saving the different
saving calculated solutions.
solutions
(multi-step The proposed choice (with V10.3) is presented in the table below
scenario)
Frequency of saving Description

automatically in 2D = at the end of the solving process
determined in 3D = all the steps
at the end of solving save the set of solutions at the end of the step by
process step solving process
all steps save of each solution (at each step)
all the N steps save chosen by the user

Process automation : new PyFlux commands / new macros FLUX 10.3
8. Process automation : new PyFlux commands /

new macros
Introduction This section presents the novelties for the automation of the commands in
PyFlux.
The purpose:
the new commands introduced in version 10.3 (commands not directly
accessible by detection in software )
the new proposed macros in version 10.3
Topic See Page

New PyFlux commands: access to help and to data 53
New PyFlux commands: access to the different computation steps 54
New macros 56

8.1. New PyFlux commands: access to help and to data
News items Two new python commands which facilitate access to the help option and the
data manipulation: the getHelp() and getPyFluxCommand() commands
Command The various explanations concerning this command are described in the table
getHelp() below.
Command getHelp()
Function Permits the storage of the help option for an entity type in a
Flux variable .
Utilization Point = Point.getHelp() permits the storage of help for the
Point entity type in the Point variable
Reminder / The command Point.help() permits the display of help
Comparison regarding the Point entity type in the history zone
Example : Printing of the help option regarding an entity type in a file:
PyFlux file = open("Aide PyFlux","a")
file.write("Aide sur le point :")
sequence file.write(Point.getHelp())
file.flush()
file.close()
Example: File created comprising all the help options associated to the
result Point. entity type.
Command The various explanations for this command are described in the table below.
getPyFluxCom
mand()
Command getPyFluxCommand()
Function Permits the storage of an entity in a Flux variable .
UtilizationP1=Point[1].getPyFluxCommand() permits the storage of
the Point[1] entity in the P1 variable
Reminder / The command Point[1].type() permits the display of the
Comparison Point[1] entity in the history zone
Example : Printing of an entity in a file:
PyFlux file = open("Entits du projet Flux","a")
file.write("Point P1 :")
sequence file.write(Point[1].getPyFluxCommand())
file.flush()
file.close()
Example: Contents of created file:
result Point P1 :PointCoordinates(color=Color['White'],
visibility=Visibility['VISIBLE'],
coordSys=CoordSys['CENTER'],
uvw=['-60',
'0',
'0'],
nature=Nature['STANDARD'],
mesh=MeshPoint['E_SHAPE'])

8.2. New PyFlux commands: access to the different

computation steps
News items New PyFlux commands to facilitate access to differents computation steps ...
Command getValuesParameter
Initial state the scenario is solved and is multi step
Input nothing
Output a dictionary {key=<String>parameterName, values =
<double>parameterValues}
Final state return all parameters values except if scenario has no
parameter
Command getIndexStep
Input ( use the dictionary gets by getValuesParameter)
parameterName: String array dim N (N <= parameter
number in the scenario)
parameterValue: a double array dim N (N < = parameter
number in the scenario)
Output an integer array corresponding to step index
Final state no change
Command selectIndexStep
Input ( use the integer array gets by getIndexStep)
index: the index of step
Output none
Final state the project changed on the required step
Command selectIndexStep
Output none
Final state the project changed on the required step
Command selectFirstStep
Input none
Output none
Final state the project changed on the first step

Command selectLastStep
Input none
Output none
Final state the project changed on the last step
Command selectNextStep
Initial state the scenario is solved
Input none
Output none
Final state the project changed on a step:
if the scenario is selected, the current step is the next step
else if the current step becomes the first of the scenario
Command existNextStep
Input none
Output exist : an integer (0 or 1) for (no exist or exist)
Command isValidStep
Output state : an integer (0 or 1) for (invalid or valid)

8.3. New macros
News items The list of proposed new macros with version 10.3 is presented in the table
below.
Context Name Function

Flux 2D / AssignSquirrelCage assign automatically solid face regions to solid
physics conductors belonging to the squirrel cage
Flux 2D (new)/ AnimationArrows creates files for animation in 2D:
Postprocessing FaceRegionAC display Arrows on face region(s)
for different phasis in the range from 0 to 360
AnimationColorShade creates files for animation in 2D:
FaceRegion display Color shade on face region
AnimationIsoline creates files for animation in 2D:
FaceRegionAC display Isoline on face region
ColorShadeFaceRegion display Color shade on all face regions in 2D
IsolinesVectorPotential display Isolines on all face regions in 2D
Flux 3D / AnimationArrows creates files for animation in 3D:
Postprocessing VolumeRegionAC display Arrows on volume region(s)
AnimationColorShade creates files for animation in 3D:
VolumeRegionAC display Color shade on volume region
animationColorShade creates files for animation in 3D:
VolumeRegion display Color shade on volume region
animationIsoline creates files for animation in 3D:
VolumeRegionAC display Isoline on volume region
Reminder :
Macros are stored in the directory: C: \ Cedrat \ Extensions \ Macros
(if you installed the version in the directory: C: \ Cedrat)

CAD Package For Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis Using Finite Elements

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CAD package for electromagnetic

and thermal analysis using finite elements

Copyright July 2009

This users guide was published on 2 July 2009

Tlphone : +82 (0)2.515.2600

Email : cae @jaewoo.com

1. List of main news items ...........................................................................................................1

USER'S GUIDE PAGE A

Contents This section covers the following topics:

Topic See page

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 1

1.1. News regarding the geometric preprocessor

Improvements The news items are as follows:

Improvements The proposed news items are as follows:

PAGE 2 USER'S GUIDE

Circuit A new integrated circuit descriptor in the Flux preprocessor is proposed in

Continued on next page

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 3

Continued on next page.

PAGE 4 USER'S GUIDE

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 5

1.3. News regarding solver

PAGE 6 USER'S GUIDE

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 7

1.5. Other news

Introduction This section covers other news items:

Co-simulation Flux-Portunus coupling allows modeling of complete mechatronic systems.

Co-simulation Co-simulation Flux-Portunus is made from Portunus through a coupling

Continued on next page

PAGE 8 USER'S GUIDE

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 9

PAGE 10 USER'S GUIDE

Contents This section contains the following topics:

Topic See Page

Activate/inactivate the automatic mesh 21

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 11

2.1. Automatic adjustment: presentation

Continued on next page

PAGE 12 USER'S GUIDE

Example With the automatic mesh adjustment:

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 13

2.2. Principle of deflection

Context Pertaining to the division into mesh elements of curved objects:

Continued on next page

PAGE 14 USER'S GUIDE

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 15

2.3. Principle of mesh relaxation

PAGE 16 USER'S GUIDE

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 17

2.5. Example: description of automatic meshing of lines

Continued on next page

PAGE 18 USER'S GUIDE

Continued on next page

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 19

PAGE 20 USER'S GUIDE

Introduction Two solutions are then offered to the users:

USER'S GUIDE PAGE 21

3. The new circuit editor

Circuit A new integrated circuit descriptor in the Flux preprocessor is proposed in

Advantages of the new circuit editor

Continued on next page

PAGE 22 USER'S GUIDE

Comparative table between various circuit formats

U0 (t) = 48ValidLR(t,0,,0,0) U0 (t) = 5cos(t)ValidLR(Time,0,,0,0)