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Computer Networking
Milestones in the history of data networking
Networking Fundamentals
1960s
Evolution: Brief History of Computer Networking
Network Connectivity Devices The first large-scale commercial computer network is
created for an airline reservation application
Network Topology
Standardization and its Benefits The ARPANET successfully links computers developed
by different manufacturers, forming what is later
Network Classifications and Architecture described as the origin of todays Internet
The OSI 7 Layer Reference Model
*Property of STI K0094
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Evolution: Brief History of Evolution: Brief History of
Computer Networking Computer Networking
1970s 1980s
A networking technology for minicomputers called The increase in the number of stand-alone desktop
Ethernet is developed microcomputers within organizations encourages
widespread adoption of LANs
Minicomputer
Environment
Personal Computing
Devices
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Evolution: Brief History of Evolution: Brief History of
Computer Networking Computer Networking
1990s 2000s (The New Millennium)
Web-based Internet resources are introduced on a Improved mobile/wireless devices and networks
global scale provide the means to connect to an organizational
network from nearly any location in the world
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Network Connectivity Devices Network Connectivity Devices
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Network Connectivity Devices Network Connectivity Devices
Bridge
Hub
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Network Connectivity Devices Network Connectivity Devices
Router
Switch
This examines the
incoming data
packets, choose the
best path for them
through the network,
and then switch
them to the proper
This adds more intelligence to data transfer outgoing port
management
*Property of STI K0094 *Property of STI K0094
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Network Connectivity Devices Network Connectivity Devices
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Network Connectivity Devices Network Connectivity Devices
Cloud
Cloud
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Network Topology Network Topology
Network Topology
Considerations When Choosing a Topology
It refers to the structure of a network, including
the physical layout, design, diagram or map of Cost of network management
computers, cables, and other components on the
network
Cable length
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Network Topology Network Topology
Physical Topology
Types Extended Star
Bus Topology
Topology
Bus Topology
Tree Topology
Ring Topology
Hierarchical
Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
*Property of STI K0094 *Property of STI K0094
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Network Topology Network Topology
Ring Topology
Bus Topology
Single Ring Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
Server
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Network Topology Network Topology
Mesh Topology
Full Mesh
Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Network Topology
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Network Topology Standardization and its Benefits
Standard
Characteristics of Mesh Topology
Maximum
Network
Networking Segment
Topology Connectivity Designation
Media Length/Transfe
Device
r Speed
Mesh
(often only
Routers
point-to-
point) It refers to documented agreements containing
technical specifications or other precise criteria
that stipulate how a particular product or service
should be designed or performed
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Standardization and its Benefits Standardization and its Benefits
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Standardization and its Benefits Standardization and its Benefits
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Standardization and its Benefits Standardization and its Benefits
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Network Classifications and
Standardization and its Benefits
Architecture
Geographic Scale
Major Groups of IETF
Personal Area Network
Internet Society (ISOC)
Local Area Network
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) Campus Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Wide Area Network
Storage Area Network
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Virtual Private Network
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Transmission technology
Point-to-point networks
Broadcast networks
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Local Area Network
(LAN)
Multiple Building
LAN
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Network Architecture Types
Network Architecture Client/Server Architecture
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Network Architecture Types
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture Comparison of Network Architecture
Client/server P2P
Consideration
architecture architecture
It requires at least one Individual users are
full-time and the ones that are
Administration
knowledgeable responsible for their
administrator own administration.
All nodes are
It has an extensive
Security independent of each
and consistent security
other
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
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Network Classifications and Network Classifications and
Architecture Architecture
Types of VPN
Point to point networks
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Network Classifications and The OSI 7 Layer
Architecture Reference Model
Broadcast/Multipoint networks
Scenario 1:
Signs
Layer Layer
1 1
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The OSI 7 Layer The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model Reference Model
Scenario 2:
Layer 3 Chines
e
Filipino
Layer 3 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Reference Model
Layer 2 Secret Secret Layer 2
Code Code
It refers to a seven-layer conceptual layout for
data communication that was defined by
International Organization for Standardization
Layer 1 Layer 1
(ISO) in the year 1984
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The OSI 7 Layer The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model Reference Model
Physical Link
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The OSI 7 Layer The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model Reference Model
It is also known as the syntax layer It manages, establishes and releases logical
connections for data transfer
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The OSI 7 Layer The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model Reference Model
It is sometimes called as an end-to-end layer It provides control and creates logical paths for
transmitting data between two (2) adjacent
It manages data transfer between end systems or network nodes and between DTE and the network
hosts and also provides error checking that
guarantees complete, accurate and reliable data
transfer across the network
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The OSI 7 Layer The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model Reference Model
Data Link Control Layer Two Sub Layers of Data Link Control
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The OSI 7 Layer
Reference Model
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