1.

INTRODUCTION

Human activities, economic calls, change the environment, and mining and agriculture
the two basic economic activities of the world economy. Through these, the man draws
natural resources that feed the entire economy. Without them, none of the subsequent
activities can exist.

The mining of clay in Mozambique (Nampula)obviously causes considerable

environmental impact. She strongly alters the mining area and the surrounding areas,
thus changing the landscape and destabilizing the ground. These areas degraded early or
late will generate serious environmental problems, since making the recovery of these
sites and the replanting of trees would avoid many problems.

This project have the following chapters structure:

Introduction, Statement of the Research Problem, Justification of the research,

Theoretical background, Methodology, Results and discussions, Conclusion,
Bibliography, Appendices.

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 2. STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Mining is the activity that aims to generate profits, that is, low costs and high revenue.
In this context, many of the mining companies leave aside the environmental issue,
since it should be a rational exploitation taking into account that most of these resources
are finite. The exploitation of heavy mineral (clay) culminates with the degradation of
large areas due to the removal of soil for road construction and levelling projects. After
removal of this material should be made to recover the explored area, but what was
noted in Ken Marry (Moma heavy minerals) is: after explored an area the company is
not interested in restoring the already exploited areas and this can lead to serious
environmental impacts such as erosion. what was reasoned above, the question arises:

As the Ken Marry has made the recovery of mined areas?

3. JUSTIFICATION

The company Ken Marry has exploited the heavy areas in Nampula province, Heavy
sands is a raw material to build roads in the levelling process, both in the construction of
major infrastructure, only in places where it is mined the clay degradation it is larger
and if not done the recovery of these areas, the weakened soil is easily worn and
eventually lead to erosion which in turn will devastate large areas that could ravage the
surrounding community. The choice of this theme is justified by the fact that the
environment is the place where dwell the living beings and should therefore be careful
in order to ensure favourable conditions for the existence of human way, of animals and
plants.

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 4. OBJECTIVES

This project has the following objectives:

4.1. General Objective

To knowing the environmental impacts are caused by the exploitation of gravel

4.2. Specific Objectives

To identify the environmental problems caused by the extraction of heavy areas;
To suggest possible ways to minimize the environmental damage caused by
operating heavy areas of Moma.

4.3. Hypotheses
The company Ken Marry does not do the recovery of exploited areas;
The company Ken Marry does not exploit rationally natural resources (clay
court).

4.4. Research Questions

i. How is the exploitation of heavy areas of Moma?
ii. What Ken Marry has done to restore the exploited areas?
iii. What are the strategies that Ken Marry uses to minimize the impacts caused by
the extraction of clay court?

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 5. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

According to Neto, the degradation process began around 9,000 BC, when humans
began to domesticate animals and to produce cereals. Two thousand years later, settling
the land and cultivating it, he ceased to be nomadic, leading to the emergence of the first
villages (NETO, et al. 2004:65).

In the case of clay court it is an incoherent material, which originates from the incipient
weathering of granitic rocks, which contains lots of small feldspar and quartz fragments,
and other minerals found in rock. Their fields are located between the soil and the rock
matrix has not weathered.

The loss of soil erosion is an environmental problem that weakens extensive areas
functional to agriculture and urban settlement, in addition to causing siltation of water
sources. This is due to lack of planning in the use and management of land which has
aroused great concern of environmental sciences (GUERRA, 1994: 93; ARAUJO,
2005).

The soil is soil erodibility property is its susceptibility to erosion, can be defined as the
amount of material removed per unit area when other determinants remain constant
erosion (Guerra, 1994:93).

The intensity of loss if soil can be modified not only by natural factors, but also by
additional conservation practices and implemented human activities (ELTZ et al, 1977:
123; ABDO1, 2006).

1 http://www.infobibos.com/Artigos/2006_2/RecSolos/index.htm

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 6. METHODOLOGY

To carry out this research that will take place in the province of Nampula in the
company Ken Marry will use qualitative and quantitative research to collect information
and compare the results. for the collection of data will apply the tools: observation,
questionnaires and interviews to workers and supervisors.

7. FEASIBILITY OF STUDY

Yes, it is possible to carry out this research. Because have access to the necessary
material. But to make it possible is to request credential to practice department and then
ask permission the company.

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 8. WORK PLAN

Task June July August Septembe October Novembe

r r
Chapter/Days 15-30 02-30 2-30 10-20 10-20 10-20
Introduction X
Literature Review X
Data Collection X
Data Analyses X
Conclusions and X
Recommendation
s
Bibliography X

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABDO, M.T.V.N., (2006) Restoration of degraded soils for agriculture.
Available at: http://www.infobibos.com/Artigos/2006_2/RecSolos/index.htm>.
Access: 5 May. 2016.
Araujo, G. H. S.; Ribeiro. The J.; War, A. J. T., (2005), environmental
management of degraded areas. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brazil.
Eltz, F. L. P .; COGO, N. P.; MIELNICZUK, J., (1977); Losses by Erosion in
Different Managements of Soil and Vegetables in lateritic soil covers, Bruno
Reddish Dystrophic (St. Jerome). I. Results of the first year. Journal of Soil
Science, Campinas, v.1.
Guerra, A. J. T .; WEDGE, S. B., (1994), (ed.); Geomorphology one basis and
update concepts, Rio de Janeiro: Brazil Bertrand, p. 93-199,.
Neto, G. A., (2004); Angelis, B. L. D.; Oliveira, D.S., The use of vegetation in
degraded urban areas. Acta scientiarum technology. Maring, v. 26, no. 1.