Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
amplifiers
Using NF:
The properties of the feedback amplifier are modified in
respect with the properties of the basic amplifier:
- the gain is reduced
- other properties are improved:
the gain sensitivity is reduced
the nonlinear distortion is reduced
the bandwidth is extended
the effect of the noise is reduced
the input and output impedances are enhanced
1/11
1 Reduction in gain
a
A
1 ar
ar 0
Aa
If ar >> 1 (e.g. for op amp a )
2/11
2 Reduction in the gain sensitivity
(desensitize the gain)
The gain of the basic amplifier depends generally on certain
factors (temperature, parameters of active devices, OP, etc.)
What is the relative variation of the feedback gain in
comparison with the relative variation of the basic gain?
a dA (1 ar ) ar 1
A
1 ar da (1 ar ) 2
(1 ar ) 2
dA a 1 1 1 1
A
da 1 ar a 1 ar a 1 ar
dA 1 da
A 1 ar a
3/11
2 Reduction in the gain sensitivity
(desensitize the gain)
Illustration:
1+ar =100
da dA
10% 0,1%
a A
4/11
3 Reduction in the nonlinear distortion
Generally the gain is
linear for small-signal,
around the operating
point
If the output signal
increases, the gain
becomes nonlinear
a1
A1
1 a1r
a2
A2
1 a2 r
5/11
The range of the input signal increases
basic amplifier NF amplifier
[ xi 2 ; xi 2 ] [ xs 2 ; xs 2 ]
A2 A1 1 a2 a1
A1 1 a2 r a1
Illustration
a1 100 a2 50 r 0,09
100 Price: reduction
A1 10 of the gain
1 100 0 , 09
50 Solution: use a
A2 9,1 preamplifier
1 50 0,09
Low-pass-type amplifier
a0 H
a ( j ) fH
2
1 j
H
a ( j )
A( j )
1 a ( j ) r
a0
1 a0 r A( j )
A0
A( j )
1 j
1 j
H (1 a0 r ) Hr
a0
A0 f Hr f H (1 a0 r )
1 a0 r 7/11
a0
A0
1 a0 r
f Hr f H (1 a0 r )
B fH Br f Hr
Br (1 a0 r ) B
9/11
5 Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio
optional
xos axs xs
( s n) o ( s n) i
xon axn xn
aae
xos xs
aae
xs 1 aae r
xos 1 aae r xs
( s n) o ae ae ( s n ) i a
xon a
xn xn xon xn
1 aae r 1 aae r
10/11
6 Enhancement of the input and output
impedances
input output
1 voltage 2 current
3 current 4 voltage
parallel Ri
Rir Ro
Ror
1 ar 1 ar
11/11