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This article is about the year 1961. For other uses, see forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the
1961 (disambiguation). Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Cemal Grsel forms the new government of
1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday Turkey (25th government).
(dominical letter A) of the Gregorian calendar, the 1961st January 7 Following a four-day conference in
year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) Casablanca, ve African chiefs of state announce
designations, the 961st year of the 2nd millennium, the plans for a NATO-type African organization to en-
61st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the sure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca
1960s decade. As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover involves the Casablanca Group: Morocco, the
for the March 1961 issue, this was the rst upside-up United Arab Republic, Ghana, Guinea, and Mali.
year i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year
look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside January 8 In France, a referendum supports
down, a strobogrammatic number since 1881.[1] The Charles de Gaulle's policies on independence for
next such year will be 6009.[2] Algeria.
January 9 British authorities announce that they
have discovered a large Soviet spy ring in London.
1 Events
January 17
1
2 1 EVENTS
January 24 A B-52 Stratofortress, with two nuclear February 13 The Congo government announces
bombs, crashes near Goldsboro, North Carolina. that villagers have killed Patrice Lumumba.
March 15
March 18
March 29 The Twenty-third Amendment to the April 13 In Portugal, a coup attempt against
United States Constitution is ratied, allowing res- Antnio de Oliveira Salazar fails.
idents of Washington, D.C. to vote in presidential
elections. April 17
March 30 The Single Convention on Narcotic The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba begins; it
Drugs is signed at New York. fails by April 19.
The 33rd Academy Awards ceremony is held.
April 5 The New Guinea Council of Western April 22 Algiers putsch: Four French generals who
Papua is installed. oppose de Gaulle's policies in Algeria fail in a coup
attempt.
April 8 The British passenger ship Dara blows up
and sinks o Dubai; 238 passengers and crew are April 23 Judy Garland performs in a legendary
killed. comeback concert at Carnegie Hall in New York
City.
April 11 The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann begins
April 24 The Swedish ship Vasa is removed from
in Jerusalem.
the water after being sunk 333 years earlier.
April 12
April 27
Vostok 1: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin be- President Kennedy urges newspapers to con-
comes the rst human in space, orbiting the sider national interest in times of struggle
Earth once. against a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy
Albert Kalonji takes the title Emperor Albert I in an address before the American Newspaper
Kalonji of South Kasai. Publishers Association.[7]
4 1 EVENTS
Sierra Leone becomes independent from the May 25 Apollo program: President Kennedy an-
United Kingdom. nounces before a special joint session of Congress
his goal to put a man on the Moon before the end of
the decade.
1.5 May
May 27 Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister
Main article: May 1961 of Malaya, holds a press conference in Singapore,
announcing his idea to form the Federation of
Malaysia, comprising Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak,
Brunei and North Borneo (Sabah).
May 4 U.S. Freedom Riders begin interstate bus
rides to test the new U.S. Supreme Court integration May 28 Peter Benenson's article The Forgot-
decision. ten Prisoners is published in several internationally
read newspapers. This is later considered the found-
May 5 Mercury program: Alan Shepard be- ing of the human rights organization Amnesty Inter-
comes the rst American in space aboard Mercury- national.
Redstone 3.
May 30 Rafael Lenidas Trujillo, totalitarian
May 6 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. becomes the rst despot of the Dominican Republic since 1930, is
team in the 20th century to win the English league killed in an ambush, putting an end to the second
and cup double. This being the last time Tottenham longest-running dictatorship in Latin American his-
won the English League. tory.
May 8 Briton George Blake is sentenced to 42 May 31
years imprisonment for spying.
In France, rebel generals Maurice Challe and
May 9 In a speech on "Television and the Public In- Andre Zelelr are sentenced to 15 years in
terest" to the National Association of Broadcasters, prison.
FCC chairman Newton N. Minow describes com- South Africa ocially leaves the
mercial television programming as a vast waste- Commonwealth of Nations.
land.
President John F. Kennedy and Charles de
May 14 African-American Civil Rights Move- Gaulle meet in Paris.
ment: A Freedom Riders bus is re-bombed near Benca beats Barcelona 3-2 at Wankdorf Sta-
Anniston, Alabama and the civil rights protestors are dium, Bern and wins the 196061 European
beaten by an angry mob of Ku Klux Klan members. Cup (football).
A Paris-to-Strasbourg train derails near Vitry- Ireland submits the rst application from a
le-Franois; 24 are killed, 109 injured. non-founding country to join the European
The New Democratic Party of Canada is Economic Community.
founded with the merger of the Coopera-
tive Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the
Canadian Labour Congress.
1.8 August
June 19 The British protectorate ends in Kuwait Main article: August 1961
and it becomes an emirate.
June 22 Moise Tshombe is released for lack of August The United States founds the Alliance for
evidence of connection to the murder of Patrice Lu- Progress.
mumba.
August 1 The Six Flags Over Texas theme park
June 23 The Antarctic Treaty comes into eect. ocially opens to the public.
June 25 Iraqi president Abd al-Karim Qasim an-
August 6 Vostok 2: Soviet cosmonaut Gherman
nounces he is going to annex Kuwait (such an an-
Titov becomes the second human to orbit the Earth,
nexation of Kuwait would occur in 1990).
and the rst to be in outer space for more than one
June 27 Kuwait requests British help; the United day.
Kingdom sends in troops.
August 7 Vostok 2 (with Titov on board) lands in
the Soviet Union.
1.7 July August 10 The United Kingdom applies for mem-
bership in the European Economic Community.
Main article: July 1961
August 13 Construction of the Berlin Wall begins,
restricting movement between East Berlin and West
July 4 The Soviet submarine K-19 reactor leak oc- Berlin and forming a clear boundary between West
curs in the North Atlantic. Germany and East Germany, Western Europe and
Eastern Europe. On August 22 Ida Siekmann jumps
July 5 The rst Israeli rocket, Shavit 2, is
from a window in her tenement building trying to
launched.[9][10]
ee to the West, becoming the rst of at least 138
July 8 A mine explosion in Czechoslovakia leaves people to die at the Wall.
108 dead.
August 21 Jomo Kenyatta is released from prison
July 12 A Czechoslovakian Ilyushin Il-18 crashes in Kenya.
while attempting to land at Casablanca, Morocco,
killing all 72 persons on board. August 25 Joo Goulart replaces Jnio Quadros as
President of Brazil. He is ousted in 1964.
July 17 Baseball legend Ty Cobb dies at the age of
74 at Emory University Hospital.
1.9 September
July 21 Mercury program: Gus Grissom, pilot-
ing the Mercury-Redstone 4 capsule Liberty Bell Main article: September 1961
7, becomes the second American to go into space
(sub-orbital). Upon splashdown, the hatch prema-
turely opens, and the capsule sinks (it is recovered September 1
in 1999).
The Eritrean War of Independence ocially
July 25 U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian po-
a widely watched TV speech on the Berlin cri- lice by Hamid Idris Awate.
sis, warning we will not be driven out of Berlin.
The rst meeting is held of the Non-Aligned
Kennedy urges Americans to build fallout shelters,
Movement. The Soviet Union resumes nu-
setting o a four-month debate on civil defense.
clear testing, escalating fears over the ongoing
July 31 Berlin crisis.
At Fenway Park in Boston, the rst Major September 7 Tom and Jerry make a return with
League Baseball All-Star Game tie occurs, their rst episode since 1958, Switchin' Kitten. The
when the game is stopped in the 9th inning due new creator, Gene Deitch, makes 12 more Tom and
to rain (the only tie until 2002). Jerry episodes until 1962.
6 1 EVENTS
September 10 During the F1 Italian Grand Prix on October 10 A volcanic eruption on Tristan da
the circuit of Monza, German Wolfgang von Trips, Cunha causes the whole population to be evacuated
driving a Ferrari, crashes into a stand, killing 14 to Britain, where they will remain until 1963.
spectators and himself.
October 12 The death penalty is abolished in New
September 14 Zealand.
The new military government of Turkey sen- October 17 Paris massacre of 1961: French po-
tences 15 members of the previous govern- lice in Paris attack about 30,000 protesting a curfew
ment to death. applied solely to Algerians. The ocial death toll is
3, but human rights groups claim 240 dead.
The Focolare Movement opens its rst North
American center in New York. October 18 West Side Story is released as a lm in
the United States.
September 17 Military rulers in Turkey hang for-
mer prime minister Adnan Menderes. October 19 The Arab League takes over protecting
Kuwait; the last British troops leave.
September 18 United Nations Secretary-General
Dag Hammarskjld dies in an air crash en route to October 25 The rst edition of Private Eye, the
Katanga, Congo. British satirical magazine, is published.
September 21 In France, the OAS slips an anti-de October 26 Cemal Grsel becomes the fourth
Gaulle message into TV programming. president of Turkey. (His former title is head of
state and government; he is elected as president by
September 24
constitution referendum.)
The old Deutsche Opernhaus in the Berlin October 27
neighborhood of Charlottenburg is returned to
its newly rebuilt house as the Deutsche Oper An armistice begins in Katanga, Congo.
Berlin.
Mongolia and Mauritania join the United Na-
In the U.S., the Walt Disney anthology tele- tions.
vision series, renamed Walt Disneys Wonder-
ful World of Color, moves from ABC to NBC Confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie: A stand-
after seven years on the air, and begins tele- o between Soviet and American tanks in
casting its programs in color for the rst time. Berlin, Germany heightens Cold War tensions.
Years later, after Disneys death, the still-on- Fahrettin zdilek becomes the acting prime
the-air program will be renamed The Wonder- minister of Turkey.
ful World of Disney.
October 29
September 28 A military coup in Damascus, Syria
eectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union DZBB-TV Channel 7, the Philippines third
between Egypt and Syria. TV station, is launched.
Devrim, the rst ever car designed and pro-
September 30 The Organisation for Economic Co- duced in Turkey, is released. The project
operation and Development (OECD) is formed to has been completed in only 130 days almost
replace the Organisation for European Economic from scratch, a period including decision on
Co-operation (OEEC). the project, research, design, development and
production of four vehicles.
1.10 October October 30
Main article: October 1961 Nuclear weapons testing: The Soviet Union
detonates a 58-megaton yield hydrogen bomb
known as Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya. It
October 1 Baseball player Roger Maris of the New remains the largest ever man-made explosion.
York Yankees hits his 61st home run in the last game The Note Crisis: The Soviet Union issues a
of the season, against the Boston Red Sox, setting diplomatic note to Finland proposing military
a new record for the longer baseball season. The co-operation.
record for the shorter season is still held by Babe
Ruth. October 31
1.12 December 7
Hurricane Hattie devastates Belize City, The funeral of longtime House Speaker Sam
Belize killing over 270. After the hurri- Rayburn is held in Washington, D.C. Two for-
cane, the capital moves to the inland city of mer Presidents (Truman, Eisenhower) and one
Belmopan. future one (Lyndon B. Johnson) join President
Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the Kennedy in paying their respects.
Lenin Mausoleum. smet nn of CHP forms the new govern-
ment of Turkey (26th government, rst coali-
tion in Turkey, partner AP)
1.11 November
November 21 The "La Ronde" opens in Honolulu,
Main article: November 1961 the rst revolving restaurant in the United States
November 24 The World Food Programme
(WFP) is formed as a temporary United Nations
November 1 program.
The Hungry generation Movement is launched November 30 The Soviet Union vetoes Kuwait's
in Calcutta, India. application for United Nations membership.
The Interstate Commerce Commissions fed-
eral order banning segregation at all interstate
1.12 December
public facilities ocially comes into eect.
The Madame Alexander Doll Club is founded Main article: December 1961
by Margaret Doris Winson of Sweet Springs,
MO.
December 1 Netherlands New Guinea raises the
November 2 Kean opens at Broadway Theater in new Morning Star ag and changes its name to West
New York City for 92 performances. Papua.
November 3 The United Nations General Assem- December 2 Cold War: In a nationally broad-
bly unanimously elects U Thant to the position of cast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro announces
acting Secretary-General. he is a MarxistLeninist, and that Cuba will adopt
socialism.
November 6 The U.S. government issues a stamp
honoring the 100th birthday of James Naismith. December 5 U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives
support to the Volta Dam project in Ghana.
November 8 Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8
crashes while attempting to land at Richmond, Vir- December 9
ginia, killing 77 persons on board.
Tanganyika gains independence and declares
November 9 Neil Armstrong records a world itself a republic, with Julius Nyerere as its rst
record speed in a rocket plane of 6,587 km/h ying President.
a X-15. The Australian government of Robert Menzies
is re-elected for a sixth term.
November 10 Catch-22 by Joseph Heller is rst
published. December 10 The Soviet Union severs diplomatic
relations with Albania.
November 11
December 11
Congolese soldiers murder 13 Italian United
Nations pilots. The American involvement in the Vietnam
War ocially begins, as the rst American he-
Stalingrad is renamed Volgograd. licopters arrive in Saigon along with 400 U.S.
personnel.
November 17 Michael Rockefeller, son of New
York Governor and later Vice President Nelson Adolf Eichmann is pronounced guilty of
Rockefeller, disappears in the jungles of New crimes against humanity by a panel of three
Guinea. Israeli judges.
November 18 U.S. President John F. Kennedy December 14 Walt Disney's rst live-action Tech-
sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam. nicolor musical, Babes in Toyland, a remake of the
famous Victor Herbert operetta, is released, but
November 20 ops at the box oce.
8 2 BIRTHS
2 Births
2.1 January
January 1
Sergei Babayan, American classical pianist
Sam Backo, Australian rugby league footballer
Julia Louis-Dreyfus
January 2
Neil Dudgeon, English actor January 8 Calvin Smith, American athlete
Todd Haynes, American lm director
January 9
January 5 Iris DeMent, American singer-
songwriter Candi Milo, American voice actress
January 7 Supriya Pathak,Indian actress Al Jean, American television writer
2.2 February 9
January 26
January 11
January 13
Mike Bullard, American hockey player April 2 Christopher Meloni, American actor
Laurel Clark, American astronaut (d. 2003) April 3 Eddie Murphy, African-American actor
Mitch Gaylord, American gymnast and comedian
2.5 May 11
2.5 May
May 1 Marilyn Milian, American judge
May 2 Steve James, English snooker player
May 3
Joe Murray, American animator
David Vitter, U.S. Senator (R-LA)
George Lopez May 4
Jay Aston, British singer (Bucks Fizz)
April 5 Lisa Zane, American actress
Mary Elizabeth McDonough, American ac-
tress, producer, director and author
April 6 Gene Eugene, Canadian actor and singer
(d. 2000) May 5
12 2 BIRTHS
Joe Murray
Tim Roth
George Clooney
May 8
May 11
May 16
May 30
Boy George
Ralph Carter, American actor
Harry Eneld, English comedian, actor, writer 2.6 June
and director
June 1 Paul Coey, Canadian hockey player
May 31
June 2 Dez Cadena, American musician
Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player
Justin Madden, Australian footballer and June 3
politician Lawrence Lessig, American academic and po-
Lea Thompson, American actress litical activist
14 2 BIRTHS
Curt Smith
Bidhya Devi Bhandari
Ed Wynne, English musician (Ozric Tenta- Rosie Kane, Member of Scottish Parliament
cles)
June 6 Tom Araya, Chilean-born rock musician
June 4 El DeBarge, African-American singer (Slayer)
June 5 June 8 Katy Garbi, Greek singer
Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress
June 9
(d. 1999)
Anthony Burger, American musician and Michael J. Fox, Canadian-American actor,
singer (d. 2006) producer, and author
2.7 July 15
June 10
June 18
June 21
Diana, Princess of Wales
Manu Chao, French singer
Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia
June 23
June 24
June 25
June 28
Gary Cherone
Antnio Costa
Laurence Fishburne
2.7 July
July 1
Woody Harrelson
July 10
July 19
July 23
Roland Orzabal
John Key
August 7
Brian Conley, English presenter, comedian,
singer and actor
Stephen Hillenburg Yelena Davydova, Soviet gymnast
August 8
Robin Carnahan, Secretary of State of Mis- The Edge, Irish rock guitarist (U2)
souri
Bruce Matthews, American football player
Barack Obama, 44th President of the United
Rikki Rockett, American rock drummer
States
(Poison)
Lauren Tom, American actress
August 9 John Key, 38th Prime Minister of New
August 5 Clayton Rohner, American actor Zealand
2.9 September 19
August 11
August 16
August 18
2.9 September
Jack Dee
2.10 October
Rachel De Thame
Amr Diab
October 1
Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer
Rico Constantino, American professional
wrestler
October 2 Edmond Yu, Chinese student (d. 1997)
October 3 Ludger Sthlmeyer, German cantor,
composer and musicologist
October 4
Philippe Russo, French singer
Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer and song-
writer
October 5 Matthew Kauman, American journal-
ist and George Polk Award winner
October 6 Mark Shasha, American artist, author,
illustrator
October 10 Jodi Benson, American actress and
singer
Dylan McDermott
October 11
Amr Diab, Egyptian singer
22 2 BIRTHS
October 31
2.11 November
Peter Jackson
Nadia Comneci
Meg Ryan
November 9
November 14
November 18
November 19 Meg Ryan, American actress and November 21 Maria Kawamura, Japanese voice
lm director actress
24 2 BIRTHS
November 22
2.12 December
Matthew Waterhouse
Bill Hicks
December 4
December 12
December 13 Karen Witter, American actress and December 16 Bill Hicks, American comedian (d.
model 1994)
December 15 Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist
and politician December 19
3.1 January 25
December 30
3 Deaths
3.1 January
January 4 Erwin Schrdinger, Austrian physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) Patrice Lumumba
January 21
Nick LaRocca, American jazz musician (b. Victor d'Arcy, British Olympic athlete (b.
1889) 1887)
George de Cuevas, Chilean-American ballet Belinda Lee, English actress (b. 1935)
impresario and choreographer (b. 1885)
March 17 Susanna M. Salter, rst woman mayor
February 26 in the United States (b. 1860)
Karl Albiker, German sculptor (b. 1878) March 23 Valentin Bondarenko, Russian
King Mohammed V of Morocco (b. 1909) cosmonaut (b. 1937)
February 28 Aaron S. Tip Merrill, American ad- March 25 Arthur Drewry, English administrator,
miral (b. 1890) 5th President of FIFA (b. 1891)
March 26 Carlos Duarte Costa, founder of the
Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (b. 1888)
3.3 March
3.4 April
March 3 Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist April 6 Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and
(b. 1887) microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Phys-
iology or Medicine (b. 1870)
March 6 George Formby, British singer, comedian
& actor (b. 1904) April 7 Vanessa Bell, English artist and interior
designer (b. 1879)
March 8
April 9 Ahmet Zog, King of Albania (b. 1895)
Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b.
1879) April 21 James Melton, American tenor (b. 1904)
Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (b. 1879) April 24 Lee Moran, American actor (b. 1888)
March 12 April 25
28 3 DEATHS
Roy Del Ruth, American lm director (b. June 6 Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (b. 1875)
1893)
June 9 Camille Gurin, French bacteriologist and
Minoru Sasaki, Japanese general (b. 1893) immunologist (b. 1872)
June 14 Eddie Polo, Austro-American dramatist
3.5 May (b. 1875)
June 15 Peyami Safa, Turkish journalist and writer
May 3 Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French phe-
(b. 1899)
nomenological philosopher (b. 1908)
June 16 Marcel Junod, Swiss physician (b. 1904)
May 6 Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet and philoso-
pher (b. 1895) June 17
May 13 Gary Cooper, American actor (High Je Chandler, American actor (b. 1918)
Noon) (b. 1901) Thomas Darden, American Rear admiral,
37th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1900)
May 14 Albert Svigny, Canadian politician (b.
1881) June 24
May 16 George A. Malcolm, American jurist & William J. Connors, American politician (b.
educator (b. 1881) 1891)
George Washington Vanderbilt III, American
May 22 Joan Davis, American actress (b. 1907) philanthropist (b. 1914)
May 30 Rafael Lenidas Trujillo, 2-Time June 25 John A D McCurdy, Lieutenant Governor
President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891) of Nova Scotia & pilot (b. 1886)
May 31 Walter Little, Canadian politician (b. June 30 Lee de Forest, American inventor (b.
1877) 1873)
3.8 August 29
Ernest Hemingway
Carl Jung
3.7 July
July 1 Louis-Ferdinand Cline, French writer (b.
1894)
Valentine Davies, American screenwriter (b. August 8 Mei Lanfang, Beijing opera star (b.
1905) 1894)
30 3 DEATHS
August 14
August 23
August 26
September 26
October 19
3.11 November
November 1 Mordecai Ham, American evangelist
(b. 1877)
November 2
November 15
December 29
4 Nobel Prizes
Earle Page
December 25 Otto Loewi, German-born pharma- [2] Gardner, Martin (2001). The Colossal Book of Mathemat-
cologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology ics. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 194.
33
6.2 Images
File:1913_Ty_Cobb_portrait_photo.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/1913_Ty_Cobb_portrait_
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