9/11/2016

Automotive (2) Lab

EXP4: Automatic transmissions and transaxles

Name: Mohammad yahya Bani issa

Dr.Wael Adaileh
 Many rear-wheel-drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive vehicles are equipped with automatic
transmissions Automatic transaxles, which combine an automatic transmission and final drive assembly
in a single unit, are used on front wheel- drive (FWD), all-wheel-drive, and some RWD vehicles

The number of available forward gears in current vehicles varies from four to eight. Some have zero
fixed ratios and use a constantly variable design, where the ratio changes according to conditions. Most
early automatic transmissions were three- or four-speed units.

TORQUE CONVERTER
Automatic transmissions use a fluid clutch
known as a torque converter to transfer
engine torque from the
engine to the transmission. The torque
converter operates through hydraulic force
provided by automatic transmission fluid,
often simply called transmission oil. The
torque converter changes or multiplies the
twisting motion of the engine crankshaft
and directs it through the transmission. The
torque converter automatically engages
and disengages power from the engine to
the transmission in relation to engine rpm.
With the engine running at the correct idle
speed, there is not enough fluid flow for
power transfer through the torque
converter. As engine speed is increased, the
added fluid flow creates sufficient force to
transmit engine power through the torque
converter assembly to the transmission.

Torque Converter
Lockup :
used to
remove slipping 0.04
% at 1:1 to save fuel
consumption.
 Planetary Gear System

Parts:
1. Sun gear
2. Ring gear
3. Planet gears (pinion
gears)
4. Planet gear carrier
Purpose:
change amount of torque
from engine to wheels

Clutches

The inner gear is

friction disk and outer gear is
clutch disk.
The pressure oil pushes the piston
to mesh the
disk together, springs release the
disks
disengage.

Transmission Band:

Use to pressure of oil to fixed annual gear by servo piston.

 Servo Piston:
The servo has servo piston, piston stem, spring and
cover.
Used to pressure of oil to push piston stem to lock up
the shaft, so on.
Used the spring to release the piston stem.

Overrunning Clutch:

Used to prevent backward rotation of certain parts of the

planetary gear system during shifting.
Allowing rotation in only one direction.

Oil Pump:
All pressurized oil in the automatic transmission is
produced by the
transmission oil pump.
Type of this pump gear, vane type, or rotor type, all
positive
displacement pumps.
The oil pump most often is built into the front of the
transmission case,
directly behind the torque converter.
 Valve Body:

The oil from the oil pump is sent to the valve body.
Located on the underside of the transmission case
and is
covered by the transmission oil pan. rear-wheel
drive
Located either under the gears as just mentioned or
vertically on the side or back of the transmission.
front wheel
drive
Inside of the valve body, there are a series of valves
and
worm tracks or small oil passageways. These worm
tracks
carry the transmission oil to the proper hydraulic
circuit to
engage or disengage various clutches.
The separator is a plate with holes that feed the oil from the worm tracks to the specific holes in
the
transmission housing.

Oil Cooler:
Friction cases increase the temperature of the
transmission fluid.
Oil typically sent out of the transmission to a heat
exchanger placed inside the radiator.

Transmission Controls: