MEU2600-03

Mechanics of Solids

2017. 3. 9

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 Last time
Complete specification of the action of a force is
composed of ( ), ( ), and ( ) Force can
be treated as a ( )

Projections and components of force are equal only

when the axes are ( )

Principle of Transmissibility The action of a force

acting on ( ) may be transmitted along ( )
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 Today

Moment
Varignons Theorem
Couple
Force-Couple System in 2D/3D
Resultants
Principle of Moments

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 Moment
A moment is the tendency of a force
to ( ) a body about some axis

In this example, the turning effect of

force F clearly depends on:

d : moment arm -The magnitude of F

-The length of the wrench handle

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Moment
The moment of F about point A is
formally defined as the vector

M r F
where r is a position vector which
runs from point A to any point on the
line of action of F

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 Moment
MA r F
The magnitude of MA is
M Fr sin Fd
where d is the ( ) distance
or moment arm from A to the
( ) of F

Right-hand rule define the direction of moment

1. Put your hand on the things thats trying to rotate
2. Point your fingers toward where the force is being applied
3. Curl your fingers in the direction of the force
4. The moment is in the direction of your thumb 6
 Moment
Moment is a vector perpendicular to the plane of the body

Moment M obeys all the rules of vector combination and maybe

considered a ( ) vector

The magnitude of the moment or tendency of the force to rotate

the body is proportional both to the magnitude of the force and
( ) distance from the axis to the line of action of
the force

The basic units of moment are ( ) in SI units and ( ) in the US

customary system

Sign of moment is determined by the right-hand rule 7

 Varignons Theorem
The moment of a force about any point is equal to the sum of the
moments of the ( ) of the force about the same point

Mo r R
r (P Q)
r P r Q
M o Rd
pP qQ
Varignons theorem need not be restricted to the case of two
components, but it applies well to three or more 8
 Example
Determine the magnitude of the moment about O of the 600 N
force in five different ways.

I. Cross Product

II. Geometry

III. Varignons Theorem

IV. Move force to ground level

V. Move force to above O

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 Couple
Couple is a moment produced by two equal
and opposite and non-collinear forces F and
-F separated by a non-zero perpendicular
distance d

The moment associated with the couple

shown in the upper figure is ,

M o F (a d ) Fa
Fd

The magnitude of the couple is independent of

the distance a which locates the forces with
respect to the moment
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 Couple
M rA F rB ( F)
(rA rB ) F
r F
rA ,rB position vectors which run from point O to
arbitrary point A and B on the lines of action of
F and F.

The moment expression contains no reference to the moment

center O and, therefore, is the same for all moment centers.
Thus, we may treat the moment of a couple as a ( ) vector
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 Couple
A couple is not affected if the forces act in a different but parallel
plane. This figure shows four different configurations of the same
couple M, but the couples are equivalent.

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 Force-Couple Systems
Replacement of a force F acting at A by a force F and a
couple M=Fd at B

- F and F are added at point B

- F and F form a couple

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Determine the moment
associated with the two
80-lb forces

(a) about point O

(b) about point A

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Replace the horizontal 80lb
force acting on the lever by an
equivalent system consisting of
a force at O and a couple

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 Resultants
The resultant of a system of forces is the simplest force
combination which can replace the original forces
without altering the ( ) on the rigid body
to which the forces are applied

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Using Algebraic Method
Choose a convenient reference point and move
all forces to that point.
Add all forces at O to form the resultant force R
and all couples to form the resultant couple Mo
Find the line of action of R by requiring R to have
a moment of Mo about point O.

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 F1
F2
F1
r1 r
F2 2
M1=r1F1
M2=r2F2 F3 r 3
F3
M3=r3F3

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 R = F
MO= M

F1, F2, and F3 added to obtain R

M1, M2, and M3 added to obtain Mo
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 R = F

d d
Mo
d
R
Force-couple system reduced to a single force

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Using Force Polygon

R F
R x Fx R y F y
R ( F x ) ( F x )
2 2

1 y
Ry F
tan1
tan
Rx Fx
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 Principle of Moments
Varignons theorem to the case of nonconcurrent force system

The moment of the resultant force about any point O

equals the sum of the moments of the original forces of
the system about the same point.

R F
Mo M (Fd )
Rd M o
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 Principle of Moments

For a parallel force system,

the zero resultant force R does not mean a zero
resultant moment because of ( )
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 Example Problem
Determine the resultant of the four forces and one
couple which act on the plate shown
 Summary
The direction of moment is determined from the

( ) of r and F M r F
Couple has a unit of ( )

( ) refers to the simplest force

combination that can replace original forces

Principle of moments

M o Rd M (Fd )