First Midterm

Equation Sheet
Multiplicity functions: Math Equations and Approximations:
1
1
(, ) =
2 2 2
() 2 2 / (dipole system) sinh = 2 ( )

32 32 3 1
(, ) = 3 (2)
33


(spin-1 system) cosh = ( + )
2

1 ( )
(, ) = (+) log(+) log log (harmonic tanh = ( + )
2
oscillators)
2
0 =
(, ) = 1 1 (1 , 1 )2 (2 , 1 ) 2

Probabilities and Averages: ! + log

/ (1 + ) 1 +
( ) =
= ()/
1 1 +
= /

sinh
= _ = ^2 ( log )/
1
Entropy: cosh 1 + 2
2

(, , ) = log (, , )
particles in Box:
= (1 )
=
= ( )
!


= [log ( ) + 1]
Free Energy:
5
= = log = [log ( ) + ]
2

Thermodynamic Identities: 3/2

= (22 )
1

= () 3

= 2

= ( )
=

= ( )

= ( )

= ( )

() = ( )

For N Non-interacting, non-indentical particles:

= (1 )