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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Heli cal Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: 1 of 5

This spreadsheet illustrates the design check of helical stair at ...

Reference : Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman - 25.2 Stairs
Materials Concrete fcu := 30MPa Reinforcement fy := 390MPa
fyv := 235MPa

+ 16 + 16
Cross section h := 200mm : depth of section d := h 40
mm
2
b := 2500mm : width of stair d = 136 mm

Ri := 1000mm 16
: internal radius d1 := b 40 + 10 + mm
2
Ro := 3600mm
: external radius d1 = 2442 mm

Load calculation
Dead load
Concrete slab gslab := h 24kPa gslab
m = 4.8 kPa
100mm
Steps gstep := 24kPa gstep = 2.4 kPa
m
g = 7.2 kPa
g := gslab + gstep

Live load
q := 4kPa
w := 1.4g + 1.6q
ULC
w = 16.48 kPa
for helical stair of 2.6m width kN
W = 42.85
W := 2.6mw m

Design moment, shear and torsion

:= 250deg b
h = 12.5
:= 20deg

Radius of centerline of loading

R3 R 3
R1 := 2 2o 2
i
3 R Ri R1 = 2.54 m
o
Radius of centerline of steps
1
R2 := (
Ri + Ro ) R2 = 2.3 m
2

Helical stair design check Page 1 of 5 Rev A

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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Heli cal Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

R1
= 1.11
R2

We choose the chart table 177 (Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman)
using strain-energy principles to get the moments and force via k1, k2, k3 parameters
k1 := 0.17 k2 := 2.12 k3 := 0.42

Redundant moment acting tangentially at midspan

M0 = 38.53 kNm
M0 := k1 WR 2 2

Horizontal redundant force at midspan

H := k2 WR2 H = 208.93 kN

Vertical moment at supports

Mvs = 95.2 kNm
Mvs := k3 WR 2 2
At support

= 125 deg
:=
2

Lateral moment
Mn := M0 sin() sin() H R 2 tan() cos () sin() H R2 sin() cos ()
...
Mn = 415.22 kNm
( )
+ W R 1 sin() R1 sin() R 2

Torsional moment sin() WR 1 R2 cos () ...

2
T := M0 sin() H R2 cos () tan() + WR1

+ H R 2 sin() sin() T = 10.07 kNm

Vertical moment

2
( )
My := M0 cos () + H R 2 tan() sin() W R 1 (1 cos ())
My = 102.02 kNm
Thrust
N = 0.001 kN
N := H sin() cos () WR 1 sin()

Lateral shearing force across stair Vn = 165.02 kN

Vn := WR 1 cos () H sin()
sin() Radial horizontal shearing force Vh = 119.84 kN
Vh := H cos ()
 _
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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Heli cal Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

Design of edge tension reinforcement

Ultimate Mu := 0.156fcu h d12 Mu = 5581.71 kNm
resistant moment

Design moment M := 500kNm M = 500 kNm

CheckM := "OK" if Mu M CheckM = "OK"

"Redesign" otherwise
K = 0.01
M
K :=
2
fcu h d1
K 3

zcal := d1 0.5 + 0.25 0.9 zcal = 2.4 10 mm

zlim := 0.95d1 zlim = 2319.9 mm

z := zlim if zcal > zlim z = 2.3 10 3mm

zcal otherwise

Area of M 2
Areq := Areq = 581.7 mm
reinforcement 0.95f yz

Provide Aprov := 3T20 Aprov = 942 mm 2

Aprov
Reinf ratio Aratio := Aratio = 0.19 %
b h
Check ratio Checkratio := "OK" if
(
Aratio 0.13% Aratio 4% ) ( )
"Not OK" otherwise
Checkratio = "OK"

Design of tension reinforcement

Ultimate Mu := 0.156fcu b d2 Mu = 216.4 kNm
resistant moment

Design moment M := 103kNm M = 103 kNm

CheckM := "OK" if Mu M CheckM = "OK"

"Redesign" otherwise

M K = 0.07
K :=
fcu b d2
K

zcal := d 0.5 + 0.25 0.9 zcal = 123.7 mm

zlim := 0.95d zlim = 129.2 mm
 _
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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Heli cal Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

z := zlim if zcal > zlim z = 123.7 mm

zcal otherwise

Area of M 2
Areq := Areq = 2248.1 mm
reinforcement 0.95f yz

Provide Aprov := 12T16 Aprov = 2412 mm 2

Aprov
Reinf ratio Aratio := Aratio = 0.48 %
b h
Check ratio Checkratio := "OK" if
( ) (
Aratio 0.13% Aratio 4% )
"Not OK" otherwise
Checkratio = "OK"

Shear reinforcement
Design shear Vf := 226kN :at the face of the support

Vd := 226kN :at distance d from face of support

Average Vf
f := f = 0.66 MPa
shear stress b d
Vd d = 0.66 MPa
d :=
b d
fcu

 Limitting shear

lim := max 5MPa ,

0.8
MPa MPa lim = 5 MPa

Check shear Check := "OK" if f lim Check = "OK"

"Not OK" otherwise

Concrete 100Aprov
k1 := min , 3 k1 = 0.71
shear capacity b d
k2 := max 1 ,
400mm k2 = 2.94
d
1
1 1 3
k f c = 0.78 MPa
0.79 3 2 4 cu

c := k1 MPa
1.25 25MPa

Checklink = "Design for link"
Checklink := d c
"Nominal link" if 2

"Design for link" otherwise

 _
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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: H eli cal Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of
Calcualte Asv := 2 R10 :area of links at a section
shear capacity
of section sv := 150mm
:link spacing
Asv

Vn := 0.95fyv + b c d Vn = 298.5 kN
sv
Check shear Checkshear := "safe"
if Vd Vn Checkshear = "safe"

"Redesign" otherwise

Torsional resistance

Design Torsion Ttor := 12kNm

Check torsion hmin := min (b , h) hmin = 200 mm
reinforcement
hmax := max(b , h) hmax = 2500 mm

2Ttor
Shear stress
induced by vt := vt = 0.25 MPa
torsion h
hmin 2 hmax min
3
Limiting f
torsional vtmin := min 0.67 cu , 0.4 MPa vtmin = 0.4 MPa
MPa
shear stress

Checktorsion := "provide torsion reinf" if vt vtmin

"torsional reinf not required" otherwise

Checktorsion = "torsional reinf not required"

Distance to center of links t := (40 + 10)mm y1 := h 2t
Link dimensions x1 := b 2t

Asv
Torsional resistance Tr := 0.8 x1 y1 0.95fyv Tr = 44.86 kNm
sv
CheckT := "safe" if Ttor Tr

"reduce spacing of links s.v" otherwise

CheckT = "safe"
Check torsion combined with bending and shear stress v = 0.91 MPa
Total shear v := vt + f
fcu

Checkcombined := "re-design" if v min 0.8 , 5 MPa

MPa
"safe" otherwise
Checkcombined = "safe"