Delhi Metro

Delhi Metro
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Coordinates: 283653N 771243E
Delhi Metro
Overview
Native name
Owner Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Limited (DMRCL)
Locale NCR, India
Transit type Rapid transit / Metro
Number of lines 6 colour-coded lines + 2 new lines (2018)
Number of stations 160, including 6 Airport Express stations[1]
Daily ridership average 2.661 million[2]
Annual ridership 971 million (FY 2015)[3]

Chief executive Mangu Singh, MD[4]
Headquarters Metro Bhawan, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi
110001.
Website Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.(English)
Operation
Began operation 24 December 2002; 14 years ago
Operator(s) Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC)
Number of vehicles 216 trains[1]
Train length 4/6/8 coaches [1]
Technical
System length 213 km (132 mi)[1]
Track gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in) (Standard gauge)
Electrification Single phase 25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead
catenary
Delhi Metro Rail Network (2013)
The Delhi Metro (Hindi: ) is a metro system serving Delhi and its satellite cities
of Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad in National Capital Region in India.[5] Delhi Metro is
the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of both length and number of stations.[6] A member
of Nova Group of Metros,[7] the network consists of five colour-coded regular lines and the
faster Airport Express line, with a total length of 213 kilometres (132 mi)[1] serving 160
stations (including 6 on Airport Express line).[1] The system has a mix of underground, at-grade,
and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge. [8] The metro has an average
daily ridership of 2.661 million passengers, and, as of August 2010, had already carried over
1.25 billion passengers since its inception.[9]
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity
participation from Government of India and Government of Delhi, built and operates the Delhi
Metro. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has been certified by the United Nations as the first
metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get "carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions" and helping in reducing pollution levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year.
[10]
DMRC operates around 2000 trips daily between 05:30 till 00:00 running with
a headway varying between 12 minutes and 410 minutes.[11][12] The trains are usually of four, six
and eight-coach. The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50-hertz alternating
current through overhead catenary.
Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts
Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city.
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was incorporated in May 1995, construction started in
1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002. The development of network was
divided into phases, Phase I containing 3 lines was completed by 2006, and Phase II in 2011.
Phase III is scheduled for completion by 2017 (originally planned for 2016).
Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon which opened in 2013, whilst linked to Delhi Metro by the Yellow Line
is a separate metro system (with a different owner/operator than the Delhi Metro), although
tokens from the Delhi Metro can be used in its network.
Contents
1History
o 1.1Background
o 1.2Construction
o 1.3Construction accidents
2Network
o 2.1Current routes
2.1.1Red Line
2.1.2Yellow Line
2.1.3Blue Line
2.1.4Green Line
2.1.5Violet Line
2.1.6Airport Express
o 2.2Planned extensions
2.2.1Phase III
2.2.2Phase IV
3Finances
o 3.1Summary Financials
o 3.2Funding and Capitalisation
4Operations
o 4.1Security
o 4.2Ticketing & Recharge
o 4.3Problems
o 4.4Ridership
o 4.5Delhi Metro Snapshot
5Rolling stock
o 5.1Broad gauge
o 5.2Standard gauge
o 5.3Airport Express
6Signalling and telecommunication
7Environment and aesthetics
8See also
9References
10Notes
11Further reading
12External links
History[edit]
Evolution of the Delhi Metro
Background[edit]
The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel
characteristics study which was carried out in the city in 1969.[13] Over the next several years,
many official committees by a variety of government departments were commissioned to
examine issues related to technology, route alignment, and governmental jurisdiction. [14] In 1984,
the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for
developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three
underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban
railway and road transport networks.[15]
While extensive technical studies and the raising of finance for the project were in progress, the
city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a fivefold rise in the
number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998.[15] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution
soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus
system unable to bear the load.[13] An attempt at privatising the bus transport system in 1992
merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy
and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme
overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving.[16] To rectify the situation, the
Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on 3 May 1995, with E. Sreedharan as the managing director.[17]
Dr. E. Sreedharan handed over the charge as MD, DMRC to Mr. Mangu Singh on 31 December
2011.
Construction[edit]
Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on 1 October 1998. [18] After the previous
problems experienced by the Kolkata Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget
due to "political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays", DMRC is a special
purpose organisation vested with great autonomy and powers to execute this gigantic project
involving many technical complexities, under a difficult urban environment and within a very
limited time frame. DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control
funds.[19] The DMRC then consulted the Hong Kong MTRC on rapid transit operation and
construction techniques.[20] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except for one major
disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad
gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.[21]
The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the Prime Minister of
India, on 24 December 2002,[22] and thus, it became the second underground rapid transit system
in India, after the Kolkata Metro. The first phase of the project was completed in 2006,[23][24] on
budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by Business
Week as "nothing short of a miracle".[25]
Construction accidents[edit]
On 19 October 2008, a girder launcher and a part of the overhead Blue Line extension under
construction in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi collapsed and fell on passing vehicles underneath.
Workers were using a crane to lift a 400-tonne concrete span of the bridge when the launcher
collapsed along with a 34-metre (112 ft) long span of the bridge on top of a Blueline bus killing
the driver and a labourer.[26]
On 12 July 2009, a section of bridge collapsed while it was being erected at Zamrudpur, near
East of Kailash, on the Central Secretariat Badarpur corridor. Six people died and 15 were
injured.[27] The following day, on 13 July 2009, a crane that was removing the debris collapsed,
and with a bowling pin effect collapsed two other nearby cranes, injuring six. [28] On 22 July 2009,
worker at Ashok Park Metro station was killed when a steel beam fell on him. [29] Over a hundred
people, including 93 workers, have died since work on the metro began in 1998. [30]
Network[edit]
Network map
Main article: List of Delhi Metro stations

The Delhi Metro is being built in phases. Phase I completed 58 stations and 65.0 km (40.4 mi) of
route length,[31] of which 13.0 km (8.1 mi) is underground and 52.1 km (32.4 mi) surface or
elevated.[citation needed] The inauguration of the DwarkaBarakhamba Road corridor of the Blue Line
marked the completion of Phase I on October 2006. [32] Phase II of the network comprises
124.6 km (77.4 mi) of route length and 85 stations,[31] and is fully completed, with the first section
opened in June 2008 and the last line opened in August 2011.[33] Phase III (103 km, 69 stations)
and Phase IV (113.2 km) are planned to be completed by 2016 and 2021[citation needed]respectively,
with the network spanning 413 km (257 mi) by then.[citation needed]
Current routes[edit]
As of November 2015, with the completion of Phase I, Phase II and the beginning of operations
on Phase III, the Delhi Metro network comprises five coloured lines (plus the Airport Express
line), serving 154 metro stations (with 6 more stations on the Airport Express line, for a total of
160),[1][34] and operating on a total route length of 213 kilometres (132 mi).[1]
Trac
k
First Last Leng Rolli Min
Stations gaug Pow
Line operatio extensi th Terminals ng headwa
[34]
e er
nal on (km) stock y[35]
(mm
)
25
Red 2002-12- 2008- Dilshad Rithal 31
21 25.09 1676 kV 3.10 min
Line 24 06-04 Garden a trains
OHE
HUD 25
Yello 2004-12- 2015- Samayp 60
37 49 A City 1676 kV 2.08 min
w Line 20 11-10 ur Badli trains
Centre OHE
Dwar
Noida 25
2005-12- 2010- ka
44 49.93 City 1676 kV
31 10-30 Sector
Centre OHE
21
Blue 70
2.30 min
Line trains
25
2010-01- 2011- Yamun Vaisha
7 8.74 1676 kV
07 07-14 a Bank li
OHE
25
2010-04- Inderlo Mund
14 15.14 1435 kV
03 k ka
OHE
Gree 16
4.16 min
n Line trains
Ashok 25
2011-08- Kirti
2 3.32 Park 1435 kV
27 Nagar
Main OHE
Escort
25
Viol 2010-10- 2015- s 31
28 35.17 ITO 1435 kV 3.00 min
et Line 03 09-06 Mujes trains
OHE
ar
Airp 2011-02- 6 22.70 New Dwar 8 1435 25 10 min[36]

ort 23 Delhi ka trains kV
Express Sector OHE
(Orange 21
Line)
TOTA
160[1] 209
L
Red Line[edit]
Red Line
Main article: Red Line

The Red Line was the first line of the Metro to be opened and connects Rithala in the west
to Dilshad Garden in the east, covering a distance of 25.09 kilometres (15.59 mi).[37] It is partly
elevated and partly at grade, and crosses the Yamuna River between Kashmere
Gate and Shastri Park stations.[38] The inauguration of the first stretch between Shahdara and Tis
Hazari on 24 December 2002 caused the ticketing system to collapse due to the line being
crowded to four times its capacity by citizens eager to have a ride.[39][40] Subsequent sections were
inaugurated from Tis Hazari Trinagar (later renamed Inderlok) on 4 October 2003,[41] Inderlok
Rithala on 31 March 2004, and Shahdara Dilshad Garden on 4 June 2008.[42] The red line has
two interchange stations, the first Kashmere Gate with the yellow line and the
second Inderlok with the green line. Beginning 24 November 2013, a total of six coach trains
were eventually commissioned on the Red Line.[43]
Yellow Line
Yellow Line[edit]
Inside a Delhi Metro on the yellow line
Main article: Yellow Line

The Yellow Line was the second line of the Metro and was the first underground line to be
opened.[44] It runs for 49 kilometres (30 mi) from north to south and connects Samaypur Badli
with HUDA City Centre in Gurgaon. The northern and southern parts of the line are elevated,
while the central section passes through some of the most congested parts of Delhi is
underground. The first section between Vishwa Vidyalaya and Kashmere Gate opened on 20
December 2004, and the subsequent sections of Kashmere Gate Central Secretariat opened
on 3 July 2005, and Vishwa Vidyalaya Jahangirpuri on 4 February 2009.[42] This line also
possesses the country's deepest Metro station (the second deepest metro station in the world)
[45]
at Chawri Bazaar, situated 30 metres (98 ft) below ground level.[46][47] On 21 June 2010, an
additional stretch from Qutub Minar to HUDA City Centre was opened, initially operating
separately from the main line. However, Chhatarpur station on this line opened on 26 August
2010. Due to delay in acquiring the land for constructing the station, it was constructed using pre-
fabricated structures in a record time of nine months and is the only station in the Delhi metro
network to be made completely of steel.[48][49] The connecting link between Central Secretariat and
Qutub Minar opened on 3 September 2010.[50] re On 10 November 2015, the line was further
extended between Jahangirpuri and Samaypur Badli in Outer Delhi.[51]Interchanges are available
with the Red Line and Kashmere Gate ISBT at Kashmere Gate station, Blue Line at Rajiv
Chowk Station, Violet Line at Central Secretariat, Airport Express (Orange) Line at New
Delhi, Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon at Sikandarpur and with the Indian Railways network at Chandni
chowk Delhi Junction Railway station and New Delhi New Delhi railway stations.[52][53] Yellow line is
the first line of Delhi Metro which has phased out all four coach trains with six and eight coach
configuration. The Metro Museum at Patel Chowk Metro station is a collection of display panels,
historical photographs and exhibits, tracing the genesis of the Delhi Metro. The museum was
opened on 1 January 2009.[45]
Blue Line[edit]
Blue Line
Main article: Blue Line

The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be opened, and the first to connect areas outside
Delhi.[54] Mainly elevated and partly underground,[55] it connects Dwarka Sub City in the west with
the satellite city of Noida in the east, covering a distance of 47.4 kilometres (29.5 mi).[54] The first
section of this line between Dwarka and Barakhamba Road was inaugurated on 31 December
2005, and subsequent sections opened between Dwarka Dwarka Sector 9 on 1 April 2006,
Barakhamba Road Indraprastha on 11 November 2006, Indraprastha Yamuna Bank on 10
May 2009, Yamuna Bank Noida City Centre on 12 November 2009, and Dwarka Sector
9 Dwarka Sector 21 on 30 October 2010.[42] This line crosses the Yamuna River
between Indraprastha and Yamuna Bank stations,[38] and has India's second extradosed
bridge across the Northern Railways mainlines near Pragati Maidan.[56] A branch of the Blue line,
inaugurated on 8 January 2010, takes off from Yamuna Bank station and runs for 6.25 kilometres
(3.88 mi) up to Anand Vihar in east Delhi.[57] It was further extended up to Vaishali which was
opened to public on 14 July 2011.[58] A small stretch of 2.76 kilometres (1.71 mi) from Dwarka
Sector 9 to Dwarka Sector 21 was inaugurated on 30 October 2010.[59] Interchanges are available
with the Yellow Line at Rajiv Chowk station,[55] Green line at Kirti Nagar, Violet line at Mandi
House, Airport Express (Orange) line at Dwarka Sector 21 and with the Indian Railways network
and Interstate Bus Station (ISBT) at Anand Vihar station, which connects with Anand Vihar
Railway Terminal and Anand Vihar ISBT.[60]
Green Line[edit]
Main article: Green Line
Opened in 2010, Green Line (Line 5) is the fifth line of the Delhi Metro network and the first line
on standard gauge, as opposed to previous broad gauge lines. It runs between Inderlok (station
on the Red Line) and Mundka with a branch line connecting the line's Ashok Park Main station
with Kirti Nagar station on the Blue Line. The completely elevated line, built as part of the Phase-
II of Delhi Metro runs mostly along the busy NH 10 route in West Delhi. The line consists of 17
stations including an interchange station covering a total length of 18.46 km.This line also has
the country's first standard-gauge maintenance depot at Mundka.[61] The line was opened in two
stages, with the 15.1 km Inderlok Mundka section opening on 3 April 2010[1] and the 3.5 km
Kirti Nagar Ashok Park Main branch line on 27 August 2011. On 6 August 2012,in a step that
will improve commuting in National Capital Region, the Union government has approved
extension of Delhi Metro from Mundka to Bahadurgarh in Haryana. The 11.18 km metro stretch
will have seven stations at Mundka Industrial Area, Ghevra, Tikri Kalan, Tikri Border, Modern
Industrial Estate, Bahadurgarh Bus Stand and City Park between Mundka and Bahadurgarh.
Violet Line[edit]
Violet Line
Main article: Violet Line

The Violet Line is the most recent line of the Metro to be opened, and the second standard-
gauge corridor after the Green Line. The 37 km (23 mi) long line connects Escorts
Mujesar in Faridabad to ITO, with 22.8 km (14.2 mi) being overhead and the rest underground.
The first section between Central Secretariat and Sarita Vihar was inaugurated on 3 October
2010, just hours before the inaugural ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and
connects the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, which was the venue for the opening and closing
ceremonies of the event.[62] Completed in just 41 months, it includes a 100 m (330 ft) long bridge
over the Indian Railways mainlines and a 167.5 m (550 ft) long cable-stayed bridge across an
operational road flyover, and connects several hospitals, tourist attractions, and a major industrial
estate along its route. Services are provided at intervals of 5 min. [62] An interchange with the
Yellow Line is available at Central Secretariat through an integrated concourse. On 14 January
2011, the remaining portion from Sarita Vihar to Badarpur was opened for commercial service,
adding three new stations to the network and marking the completion of the line. [63] The section
between Mandi House and Central Secretariat, was opened on 26 June 2014. After that a 971-
metre section between ITO and Mandi House was opened on 8 June 2015. The latest addition to
the line, an 14 km (8.7 mi) extension southwards till Escorts Mujesar in Faridabad was
inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 September 2015.[64] All the nine Metro stations
of the Badarpur Escorts Mujesar (Faridabad) section of Delhi Metros Phase 3, have been
awarded the highest possible rating (platinum) for adherence to green building norms, by the
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), which has devised a rating mechanism for Metro stations
and buildings on a scale of platinum, gold, silver etc. for following the green building
specifications. The awards for these stations were given to DMRCs Managing Director,
Dr. Mangu Singh by Dr. P C Jain, Chairperson, IGBC in the presence of DMRCs directors and
senior officials on 10 September 2015.[65] Currently the Faridabad corridor of Delhi Metro Violet
Line is the longest metro corridor outside of Delhi, consisting of 9 stations and the total length of
corridor being 14 km.[66]
Airport Express[edit]
The interior of a Delhi Metro Airport Express train
Main article: Delhi Airport Metro Express

The Airport Express line runs for 22.7 km (14.1 mi) from New Delhi Railway Station to Dwarka
Sector 21, linking the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The line was operated by Delhi Airport
Metro Express Pvt. Limited (DAMEL), a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure,
the concessionaire of the line till 30 June 2013 and is now being operated by DMRC.[67] The line
was constructed at a cost of 57 billion (US$850 million), of which Reliance Infrastructure
invested 28.85 billion (US$430 million) and will pay fees on a revenue-share model. [68]The line
has six stations (Dhaula Kuan and Delhi Aerocity became operational on 15 August 2011), with
some featuring check-in facilities, parking, and eateries.[69] Rolling stock consists of six-coach
trains operating at intervals of ten minutes and having a maximum speed of 135 km/h (84 mph).
[69]
Originally scheduled to open before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the line failed to obtain
the mandatory safety clearance, and was opened on 24 February 2011, after a delay of around 5
months. After 16 months of commencement of operations, the line was shut down for repairs of
the viaducts on 8 July 2012.[70][71] The line reopened on 22 January 2013.[72] On 27 June 2013
Reliance Infrastructure Ltd intimated DMRC that they are unable to operate the line beyond 30
June 2013. Following this DMRC took over operations of Airport Express line from 1 July 2013
with an Operations and Maintenance team of 100 officials to handle the line. [73] In Jan 2015,
DMRC reported that Airport Metro has recorded about 30 per cent rise in its ridership following
the fare reduction of up to 40 per cent in July last year [74] On 14 September 2015 DMRC
announced to reduce fares even further to improve the ridership of the line, the new fare
structure will have maximum fare of 60 and minimum of 10 instead of 100 and 20 charged
earlier, a reduction of about 40%.[75] DMRC has stated that this was done to reduce the crowding
on Blue line, diverting some of the Dwarka-bound passengers to Airport Express Line, which is
underutilised and faster compared to the Blue Line.
Planned extensions[edit]
Delhi Metro map with Phase I, phase II & proposed phase III routes
Delhi Metro was planned to be built in phases spread over around 20 years as with each phase
having a target of five years and end of one phase marking the beginning of another. Phase I
(65 km) and Phase II (125 km) were completed in 2006 and 2011, respectively, and Phase III and
Phase IV are scheduled for completion in 2016 and 2021, respectively. Work on Phase III started
in 2011 while planning for Phase IV has begun. Ex-chief of DMRC hinted that by the time Phase
IV is completed, the city will need Phase V to cope with rising population and transport needs. [76]
Phase III[edit]
The deadline for completion of Phase 3 was 2016, however, it is expected that the entire Phase
III will be complete by September 2017.[77][78][79] Out of 2 new lines and 11 route extensions
proposed for Phase III, cabinet approved for 2 new lines and 10 route extensions totalling
167.27 km, with an estimated cost of 350 billion (US$5.2 billion).[80] Construction has already
begun on many of these. In April 2014, the Delhi Lt. Governor gave approval for two further
extensions.[81] All the approved lines are:.[82]
No. of
Station Length
Line Terminals interchanges
s (km)
planned
Yellow Line extension 3 4.49 Jahangirpuri Samaypur Badli 0
Central
7 9.37 Kashmere Gate 2
Secretariat
Violet Line extension
9 17 Badarpur Ballabhgarh 0
3 4.295 Dwarka Najafgarh 1
Blue Line extension

Noida City Noida Electronic
6 6.675 1
Centre City
Green Line extension 6 11.182 Mundka Bahadurgarh 0
Pink Line also called

Inner Ring Road Line (Line 38 58.59 Mukundpur Shiv Vihar 11
7)[83]
Magenta Line also called

Janakpuri
Outer Ring Road Line (Line 25 38.24 Botanical Garden 4
West
8)
Dilshad New Bus Stand,

Red Line extension 6 9.6 0
Garden Ghaziabad
156.31
Total 103 18
7
Phase III will have 28 underground stations covering 41 km.[84] More than 20 tunnel boring
machines are expected to be simultaneously used during construction of Phase III. [85]Delhi Metro
is expecting a ridership of 4 million after completion of Phase III. DMRC has decided to use
communication based train control (CBTC) for signalling which will allow trains to run at a short
headway of 90 seconds.[86] Keeping this in mind and other constraints, DMRC changed its
decision to build 9 car long stations for new lines and instead opting for shorter stations which
can accommodate 6 car trains.
For the first time Delhi Metro will construct ring lines in Phase III. Till Phase II, Delhi Metro
focused on expanding the reach of metro and thus built long radial lines. However, in Phase III,
Delhi Metro is aiming to interconnect existing lines by ring lines to improve connectivity. This will
not only help in reducing distances but will also relieve radial lines of some congestion.
Phase IV[edit]
Phase IV has a 2021 deadline, and tentatively includes further extensions to Sonia Vihar, Burari,
Mukundpur, Reola Khanpur, Palam, Najafgarh, Narela, Ghazipur, Noida sector 62, extensions of
Violet line, Green line, Line 8, having a total length of over 100 km.[87][88] There might be some
changes in plan before actual construction starts on these lines.
Apart from these lines in Phases I to IV, plans have been mooted to construct a new line from
Noida Sector 62 to Greater Noida which will intersect Indraprastha Noida Sector 32 line.[89] The
Ghaziabad Development Authority is planning to extend Delhi Metro lines deeper
into Ghaziabad through extension of the Blue Line from Vaishali to Mehrauli via Indirapuram. The
independently operated Gurgaon Metro, opened in November 2013, will also interchange with
the Delhi Metro at Sikandarpur station on Yellow line.[90] For the year 201213, Noida
development Authority has allocated 5 billion for Metro extension, with City Center Metro line
being extended till the crossing of Sector 71 and 72.[91]
Line [92] Station Lengt Terminals No. of

s h interchanges
(km) planned
Aqua Line 10 12.58 Inderlok Indraprastha 5
Moss Green 16 22.20 Tughlakabad IGI Terminal 1 4
Saket-G
Moss Green extension 6 7.96 Lajpat Nagar 3
Block
Pink Line also called Inner

7 12.54 Mukundpur Maujpur
Ring Road Line (Line 7)
Magenta Line also called

Janakpuri Ramakrishna
Outer Ring Road Line (Line 26 28.92 9
West Ashram Marg
8)
Red Line extension 16 21.73 Rithala Narela 0
Total 81 105.93 21
Finances[edit]
Summary Financials[edit]
The table below is based on the 201516 Annual Report.[93]
EBITDA stands for "Earnings before Interest Taxes Depreciation

& Amortization"
EBT stands for "Earnings Before Tax"

Of note, Delhi Metro has been operating with a loss on an EBT basis for the past few years.
EBITDA margin declined from 73% in Fiscal 2007 to 29% in Fiscal 2015. That said, Debt to
Equity improved from 1.43 in FY07 to 1.22 in FY16.
FY ending
Revenue EBITDA * EBT *
March
2007 5.43 3.99 240

billion (US$81 million) billion (US$59 million) million (US$4 million)
5.04 3.00 261

2008
7.24 4.73 904

2009
7.38 3.56 -902

2010
16.08 7.50 -127

2011
22.48 9.33 -681

2012
26.87 10.28 -79

2013
31.98 10.62 -0.60

2014
billion (US$475 million) billion (US$158 million) billion (US$9 million)
35.71 12.40 -2.75

2015
43.44 12.78 -4.67

2016
Funding and Capitalisation[edit]

DMRC is owned equally by the Delhi government and the Government of India.
As of March 2016, total debt stood at 291.5 billion (US$4.3 billion), while equity capital
was 239.9 billion (US$3.6 billion). Cost of the debt is 0% for Govt of India and Delhi government
loans, and between 0.01% and 2.3% for Japan International Cooperation Agency loans. Of the
equity capital as of March 31, 2016, 193.1 billion (US$2.9 billion) is paid-up capital and rest is
reserves and surplus.[93]
Operations[edit]
Inside the New Delhi metro station.
HUDA City Centre metro station
Train at HUDA City Centre metro station
The trains operate at a frequency of one to two minutes to five to ten minutes between 05:00 and
00:00, depending upon the peak and off-peak hours. Trains operating within the network typically
travel at speed up to 50 km/h (31 mph), and stop for about 20 seconds at each station.
Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have
services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafs, convenience stores and mobile recharge. Eating,
drinking, smoking and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. The Metro also has a
sophisticated fire alarm system for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant
material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations.[94] Navigation information is
available on Google Transit.[95] Since October 2010, the first coach of every train is reserved for
women. However, last coaches are also reserved when the train changes tracks at the terminal
stations in the Red, Green and Violet Lines.[96][97] To make travelling by metro a smoother
experience, Delhi Metro has launched its own official app for smartphone users,
(iPhone and Android) that will provide information on various facilities like nearest metro station,
fare, parking availability, tourist spots near metro stations, security and emergency helpline
numbers.[98]
Security[edit]
Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have
been guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007.[99] Closed-
circuit cameras are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both
the CISF and Delhi Metro authorities at their respective control rooms. [100] Over 3500 CISF
personnel have been deployed to deal with law and order issues in the system, in addition
to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection systems, and dog squads which are used to secure
the system. About 5,200 CCTV cameras have been installed, which cover every nook and corner
of each Metro station. Each of the underground stations has about 45 to 50 cameras installed
while the elevated stations have about 16 to 20 cameras each. The monitoring of these cameras
is done by the CISF, which is in charge of security of the Metro, as well as the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation.[101] Intercoms are provided in each train car for emergency communication between
the passengers and the train operator.[102] Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on
trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations. [103] DMRC is also
looking at raising the station walls and railings for the safety of passengers. [104]
Ticketing & Recharge[edit]
Delhi Metro Card for Common Mobility
For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have three choices for ticket
purchase. The RFID tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the
value depends on the distance travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from 8 (12 US)
to 30 (45 US). Fares are calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare
chart.[105] A common ticketing facility for commuters travelling on Delhi Transport Corporation
(DTC) buses and the Metro was introduced in 2011.[106] Travel cards are available for longer
durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters. They are valid for one year from the
date of purchase or the date of last recharge, and are available in denominations
of 200 (US$3.00) to 1,000 (US$14.90). A 10% discount is given on all travel made on it. [107] A
deposit of 50 (74 US) needs to be made to buy a new card which is refundable on the return
of the card any time before its expiry if the card is not physically damaged. [105] Tourist cards can
be used for unlimited travel on the Delhi Metro network over short periods of time. There are two
kinds of tourist cards valid for one and three days respectively. The cost of a one-day card
is 150 (US$2.20) and that of a three-day card is 300 (US$4.50), besides a refundable deposit
of 50 (74 US) that must be paid at the time of purchasing the card. [105]
Problems[edit]
Metro station and train entering.
As the network has expanded, high ridership in new trains have led to increasing instances of
overcrowding and delays on the Delhi Metro.[108][109] To alleviate the problem, 8 coach trains have
been introduced in Yellow line and Blue line and an increase in the frequency of trains has been
proposed.[108] Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations to
nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern. [110][111]
Ridership[edit]
Delhi Metro has been registering a continuous increase in ridership since its inception. When
Metro services were introduced in 2002, the average ridership was 80,000 passengers per day.
As of 2015, daily ridership has risen to 2.6 million, with the latest ridership record set on 28
August 2015.
On 4 August 2014 daily ridership crossed the 2.7 million figure. Since then the highest ridership
has kept on surpassing the previous best, compelling metro authorities to keep increasing the
services on busy routes. Most recent Delhi Metro daily ridership record of 3.3 million passengers
was reached on the eve of the Rakshabandhan (17 August 2016), when commuters poured in
large numbers throughout the day.[112]
On 25 December 2014, it was reported that the ridership of the Airport Express had almost
doubled in the past year to almost 600,000 passengers per month now, as compared to just
above 300,000 at the beginning of the calendar year.[113]
Currently, Delhi Metro has about 220 trains of four, six and eight coaches totalling 1,290
coaches. It is further planning to add 421 more coaches on the existing route before the
completion of phase 3. During the financial year 2015, DMRC on an average pressed 1,083
coaches in an hour (during peak hour), in 201213, the number was 819. On an average trains
make 2,880 trips per day.[114]
Average daily ridership[115][116]
Year Ridership
200405 124,000
200506 268,000
200607 484,000
200708 625,000
200809 722,000
200910 919,000
201011 1,259,000
201112 1,660,000
201213 1,926,000
201314 2,190,000
201415 2,386,000
201516 2,600,000
Delhi Metro Snapshot[edit]
Delhi Metro
Stations Length KM Ridership Millions No. of Lines Revenue Millions (201415)
160 213 949 6 US$529
Ranking
India 1 1 1 1 1
Asia 6 8 10 9
World 13 13 16 13
Rolling stock[edit]
A Phase I broad gauge train, supplied by Hyundai Rotem-BEML.[117]
A Phase II broad gauge train, supplied by Bombardier.

One of the six coach trains. Most trains of Blue & Yellow Lines have been upgraded from 4 to 6 & 8
coaches to increase capacity.
The Metro uses rolling stock of two different gauges. Phase I lines use 1,676 mm (5.499 ft) broad
gauge rolling stock, while three Phase II lines use 1,435 mm (4.708 ft) standard gauge rolling
stock.[118] Trains are maintained at seven depots at Khyber Pass and Sultanpur for the Yellow
Line, Mundka for the Green Line, Najafgarh and Yamuna Bank for the Blue Line, Shastri Park for
the Red Line, and Sarita Vihar for the Violet Line.[119][120]
Maglev trains were initially considered for some lines of Phase 3, but DMRC decided to continue
with conventional rail in August 2012.[121]
As on 31 March 2015, the Company has a total of 1306 coaches (220 trains). Apart from
extensions on various existing lines, two new lines viz. Line 7 & 8 are proposed in Phase III. 486
coaches (81 six car trains) being procured for these two new lines will have advance feature of
Unattended Train Operation (UTO). Additional 258 Broad gauge (BG) coaches for Line 1 to 4 and
138 Standard Gauge (SG) coaches for Line 5 & 6 are proposed to be procured for
augmentation/extensions to cater to the increased traffic. Resultantly, at the end of Phase III,
there would be 2188 coaches (333 trains). Barring a few 4 car trains on Line 5, 93% of the trains
would operate either in 6 car or 8 car configuration at the end of Phase III. [116]
Broad gauge[edit]
The rolling stock is manufactured by two major suppliers. For the Phase I, the rolling stock was
supplied by a consortium of companies comprising Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Corporation,
and MELCO.The coaches have a very similar look to MTR Rotem EMU, except with only 4 doors
and use sliding doors. The coaches were initially built in South Korea by ROTEM,[119] then in
Bangalore by BEML through a technology transfer arrangement.[122] These trains consist of four
3.2-metre (10 ft) wide stainless steel lightweight coaches with vestibules permitting movement
throughout their length and can carry up to 1500 passengers,[123] with 50 seated and 330 standing
passengers per coach.[124] The coaches are fully air conditioned, equipped with automatic doors,
microprocessor-controlled brakes and secondary air suspension, [125] and are capable of
maintaining an average speed of 32 km/h (20 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[124] The
system is extensible up to eight coaches, and platforms have been designed accordingly.[123]
The rolling stock for Phase II is being supplied by Bombardier Transportation, which has received
an order for 614 cars worth approximately US$1.1 billion.[126] While initial trains were made
in Grlitz, Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's factory in Savli,
near Vadodara.[127] These trains are a mix of four-car and six-car consists, capable of
accommodating 1178 and 1792 commuters per train respectively. The coaches possess several
improved features like Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras with eight-hour backup for
added security, charging points in all coaches for cell phones and laptops, improved air
conditioning to provide a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius even in packed conditions and
heaters for winter.[128]
Standard gauge[edit]
The standard gauge rolling stock is manufactured by BEML at its factory in Bangalore. The trains
are four-car consists with a capacity of 1506 commuters per train, [129]accommodating 50 seated
and 292 standing passengers in each coach.[124] These trains will have CCTV cameras in and
outside the coaches, power supply connections inside coaches to charge mobiles and laptops,
better humidity control, microprocessor-controlled disc brakes,[130] and will be capable of
maintaining an average speed of 34 km/h (21 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[124]
Airport Express[edit]
Eight 6-car trains supplied by CAF Beasain were imported from Spain.[131] CAF held 5% equity in
the DAME project, and Reliance Infrastructure held the remaining 95%[132]before DMRC took over
the operations. The trains on this line are of a premium standard compared to the existing metro
trains and have in-built noise reduction and padded fabric seats. The coaches are equipped with
LCD screens for entertainment of the passengers and also provide flight information for
convenience of air travellers. The trains are fitted with an event recorder which can withstand
high levels of temperature and impact and the wheels have flange lubrication system for less
noise and better riding comfort.[96]
Signalling and telecommunication[edit]
Inside a Hyundai Rotem coach.
European signalling system on the Delhi Metro
The Delhi Metro uses cab signalling along with a centralised automatic train control system
consisting of automatic train operation, Automatic Train Protection and automatic train signalling
modules.[133] A 380 MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from Motorola is
used on all lines to carry both voice and data information. [134] For Blue Line Siemens
Transportation Systems has supplied the electronic interlocking Sicas, the operation control
system Vicos OC 500 and the automation control system LZB 700 M. [135]An integrated system
comprising optical fibre cable, on-train radio, CCTV, and a centralised clock and public address
system is used for telecommunication during train operations as well as emergencies.[136] For Red
and Yellow lines ALSTOM has supplied signalling system and for Green and Violet lines
Bombardier Transportation has supplied CITYFLO 350 signalling system.
The Airport Express line has introduced WiFi services at all stations along the route on 13
January 2012.[137] Connectivity inside metro trains travelling on the route is expected in the future.
The WiFi service is provided by YOU Broadband & Cable India Limited.[138]
A fully automated, operatorless train system has been offered to Delhi Metro by the French
defence and civilian technologies major Thales.[139]
Environment and aesthetics[edit]
The Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations
including the United Nations,[140] RINA,[141] and the International Organization for Standardization,
[141]
becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO
14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction.[142] Most of the Metro stations on the Blue
Line conduct rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure.[143] It is also the first
railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after being registered with the United Nations
under the Clean Development Mechanism,[144] and has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by
saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its trains.[145] To reduce its
dependence on non-renewable sources of energy, DMRC is looking forward to harness solar
energy and install solar panels at the Karkardooma, Noida Sector-21, Anand Vihar and Pragati
Maidan Metro stations and DMRCs residential complex at Pushp Vihar.[146][147]
The Metro has been promoted as an integral part of community infrastructure, and community
artwork depicting the local way of life has been put on display at stations. [148] Students of local art
colleges have also designed decorative murals at Metro stations,[149] while pillars of the viaduct on
some elevated sections have been decorated with mosaic murals created by local
schoolchildren.[150] The Metro station at INA Colony has a gallery showcasing artwork and
handicrafts from across India,[151] while all stations on the Central Secretariat Qutub Minar
section of the Yellow Line have panels installed on the monumental architectural heritage of
Delhi.[152] The Nobel Memorial Wall at Rajiv Chowk has portraits of the seven Nobel Laureates
from India: Rabindranath Tagore, CV Raman, Hargobind Khorana, Mother
Teresa, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Amartya Sen and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and
provide details about their contribution to society and a panel each on Alfred Nobel and the
Nobel Prizes.
See also[edit]
Transport in Delhi
Delhi Suburban Railway
National Capital Region Transport Corporation
Rapid transit in India
List of rapid transit systems
List of metro systems in India
List of metro systems
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144. ^ "Delhi Metro is first rail project to earn carbon credits". The
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145. ^ Neha Sinha (20 December 2009). "Delhi Metro on track to

earn carbon credits". The Indian Express. Archived from the
original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
146. ^ "Metro mulls solar panels at stations to go green". The Times

of India. 5 June 2012.
147. ^ "Delhi Metro to install three new solar power plants". IANS.
news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
148. ^ Siemiatycki 2006, p. 284

149. ^ Anuradha Mukherjee (13 December 2002). "Vibrant murals
bring cheer". The Times of India. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
150. ^ Preeti Jha (10 October 2007). "Murals by Salwan Public

School students decorate Metro pillars on Pusa Road". The Indian
Express. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.
151. ^ "At INA Metro station, a gallery for traditional art,

crafts". Indian Express. 2 September 2010. Retrieved 21
September 2010.
152. ^ Smriti Kak Ramachandran (2 September 2010). "Delhi metro

gets a handicrafts gallery". The Hindu. Retrieved 21
September 2010.
Bold textItalic text
Notes[edit]
Siemiatycki, Matti (June 2006). "Message in a Metro: Building
Urban Rail Infrastructure and Image in Delhi,
India" (PDF). International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research. 30 (2): 259277. Archived from the original (PDF) on
24 August 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
Further reading[edit]
Rashmi Sadana (30 May 2 June 2012). "Metrocity Journal:
Up, Up and Away". The Wall Street Journal.
Rashmi Sadana (13 November 2010). "On the Delhi Metro: An

Ethnographic View". Economic and Political Weekly. 45 (46):
7783.
G. S. Dhillon (29 January 2004). "Trenchless tunnelling". The

Tribune.
"A dream revisited: an archival journey into the making of the

Delhi Metro Rail". DMRC. 2003. OCLC 54073649.
"A journey to remember". DMRC. 2008.

p. 94. OCLC 300027063.
External links[edit]
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Delhi Metro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Owner Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

Locale NCR, India

Transit type Rapid transit / Metro

Number of lines 6 colour-coded lines + 2 new lines (2018)

Number of stations 160, including 6 Airport Express stations[1]

Daily ridership average 2.661 million[2]

Annual ridership 971 million (FY 2015)[3]

Headquarters Metro Bhawan, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi

Website Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.(English)

Began operation 24 December 2002; 14 years ago

Operator(s) Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC)

Number of vehicles 216 trains[1]

Train length 4/6/8 coaches [1]

System length 213 km (132 mi)[1]

Track gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge)

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in) (Standard gauge)

Electrification Single phase 25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead

Delhi Metro Rail Network (2013)

o 3.2Funding and Capitalisation

o 4.2Ticketing & Recharge

o 4.5Delhi Metro Snapshot

6Signalling and telecommunication

7Environment and aesthetics

Main article: List of Delhi Metro stations

Airp 2011-02- 6 22.70 New Dwar 8 1435 25 10 min[36]

Main article: Red Line

Main article: Yellow Line

Main article: Blue Line

Main article: Violet Line

The interior of a Delhi Metro Airport Express train

Main article: Delhi Airport Metro Express

Yellow Line extension 3 4.49 Jahangirpuri Samaypur Badli 0

3 4.295 Dwarka Najafgarh 1

Blue Line extension

Pink Line also called

Magenta Line also called

Dilshad New Bus Stand,

Line [92] Station Lengt Terminals No. of

Aqua Line 10 12.58 Inderlok Indraprastha 5

Moss Green 16 22.20 Tughlakabad IGI Terminal 1 4

Pink Line also called Inner

Magenta Line also called

Red Line extension 16 21.73 Rithala Narela 0

EBITDA stands for "Earnings before Interest Taxes Depreciation

EBT stands for "Earnings Before Tax"

2007 5.43 3.99 240

5.04 3.00 261

7.24 4.73 904

7.38 3.56 -902

16.08 7.50 -127

22.48 9.33 -681

26.87 10.28 -79

31.98 10.62 -0.60

35.71 12.40 -2.75

43.44 12.78 -4.67

Funding and Capitalisation[edit]

HUDA City Centre metro station

Train at HUDA City Centre metro station

Delhi Metro Card for Common Mobility

Stations Length KM Ridership Millions No. of Lines Revenue Millions (201415)

160 213 949 6 US$529

A Phase I broad gauge train, supplied by Hyundai Rotem-BEML.[117]