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ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Due to the use of different technologies in daily life, water pollution, particularly oil spill
exists more often. Pollutants from domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors altered the
quality of water. These bring harmful effects to the water and its aquatic resources (Prasida,
2015).
Conserve Energy Future (2016) stressed that oil spill pollution happens when liquid
petroleum is released into a body of water. These oils such as crude oil are released due to human
carelessness. Some of the sources of these oils in the seas and oceans include petroleum-powered
water vessels and large scale industries. This damage to the body of water is costly and takes
In the history, the largest oil spill happened is during the war between the Iraqi and
American forces. January 19, 1991 when Iraqi forces released 380-520 million gallons of oil into
the Persian Gulf, Kuwait to prevent the American marines from its potential landing (Moss,
2010).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2016) stated that old and recent oil
spills brought deaths to marine species because of the oils poisonous chemical constituents.
Marine organisms die because of their exposure to oil in terms of external exposure through skin
and eye irritation and internal exposure through inhalation. (2014) Bird species and mammals
die due to hypothermia. It happened among birds when they lose the ability to repel water and
protect themselves from cold water, causing them not to maintain their body temperatures.
In the Philippines, the worst oil spill incident took place along the strait of Guimaras
Island, according to Greenpeace, 2.1 million liters of oil was released into the sea on August 11,
2006 after a huge vessel sank. While according to World Wildlife Fund, flora and fauna found in
the strait were greatly damaged. At least 1000 hectares of mangroves were affected and species
industrialization. Greenpeace (2010) survey shows that developments in the country are the
cause of water pollution generally. Statistics revealed that 40 percent of the water bodies having
only fair water quality and 13 percent are seriously under water pollution. Out 421 rivers in the
Thus, to solve water pollution in the environment, the researchers apply the adsorption
technique for the removal of pollutants from the contaminated water. Adsorption is a mass
transfer process which involves the accumulation of substances at the interface of two phases. It
is a separation process in which certain components of a liquid phase are transferred to the
surface of the liquid adsorbents (Mandal, 2014). In the process of adsorption, the substance being
absorbed is the adsorbate and the adsorbing material is the adsorbent (Amrita, 2013).
This study uses the Tiger Grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as the bio-adsorbent. According
to the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development (PCARRD), this is usually found in the highlands of Ifugao and Mountain
Province. Locally called tambo, it is the raw material from which soft brooms, or walis tambo,
are made out of. Tiger Grass is a kind of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) that has the ability
Tiger Grass is used in this study because of its adsorbent properties. According to
The application of the adsorption technique for the removal of pollutants from
sludge generation, has metal recovery, and has competitive performance (Renge, Khedkar,
Pande, 2012).
This study was conducted at the Science Laboratory of Nieves Villarica National High
School, Zone 7, Barangay Villarica, Babak District, Island Garden City of Samal.
Materials
The materials used for the constructing of the adsorption apparatus were the following:
The materials and equipment used during the testing process were the following:
Beaker
Graduated cylinder
Cutter
Water
Used oil
Collection
The Tiger Grass (Thysanolaena maxima) was gathered from the used soft broom.
Materials needed in making the adsorption apparatus were bought from the hardware stores.
Methods
holding 4 plastic bottles were built. The branches were connected to the body of the
each branch.
4. The caps were holed with enough size that the water hose can go through it. Make
sure that the hole is not too big so that the water hose cannot collapse.
5. The water hose were used to connect the plastic bottles so that the water can flow
smoothly.
6. The tiger grasses were put into the plastic bottles.