EE-3352: Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering

Prof. Gosney Spring 2015

Homework #2

For Monday, January 26, 2015, read Chapters 4-5 (pages 53-98)
Chapter 4: Power Plants
Chapter 5: Environmental Impact of Power Plants

For Wednesday, January 28, 2015:

Chapter 4 Questions: 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.34 (pages 86-87)

4.13 a hydroelectric power plant has a synchronous generator whose speed

must be fixed at 180r/min. The Turbine is Francis should be Pelton type
10m runner diameter. When the flow rate at the nozzle of the penstock is 10
m3/s, the generated electricity is 50 MW. If the total efficiency of the
generator, turbine, and hydro is 88%, compute the velocity of water jet.
Solution:

Vc wr 2fr
2 .5
94.25 m/s

Now, Pw Pinp
Pin
.
56.8 MW

Pc 2 f Vi Vc Vc
Vi Vc


.
Vi 94.25
.
Vi 124.4 m/s

FYI: 124.4 m/s x 3.28 f/m x 60 mph/88 f/s 278.2 mph
4.14 the physical head of an impoundment power plant is 100m. When the
penstock is fully closed, the pressure at the outtake end is 106 N/m2. When the
penstock is fully open, the pressure is reduced to 9X105 N/m2. Compute the
effective head.
Solution:

h
h 90m

Alternative solution and better :

The actual pressure at the outtake end for 100 m of physical head is 9.81 x 105
N/m2, rather than the 106 N/m2 reported in the problem.

Consequently, when the penstock is full open and the pressure is reduced to
9x105 N/m2, the effective head is:

H Pr/g delta 9x105 N/m2 / 9.81 m/s2*1000 kg/m3 91.74 meters.



4.15 a man owns a land that includes a low head water fall and wants to
build a small hydroelectric plant. The effective head of the reservoir is 20m.
He used a tube of 3 m length and 1 m diameter as a penstock. He computed
the speed of the water inside the penstock by dropping a small ball at the
entrance of the tube and measuring the time it took to reach the other end of
the tube. The ball travelled the penstock in 2s.
a. Compute the power at the outtake of the tube.
b. If the coefficient of performance of the turbine is 0.95, and the efficiency of
the generator turbine and generator is 90%, compute the expected generation
of the site.
c. If the cost of building the small hydroelectric system is $10M, compute the
payback period if the cost of electricity from the neighboring utilities is
$0.2/kWh. Assume that the water flow is always constant.
d. Is building this small hydroelectric system a good investment.

Solution:

a. Pout

.
1000 9.8 20
230.91

b. Coefficient of performance 0.95
Efficiency 90%
Pexpected 0.9x0.95x230.91
197.43 kW

c. Cost of building $10M
Cost of Electricity $0.2kWh
Assuming the water flow is constant,
Payback period
. .
28.91
28
d. Building this small hydroelectric system is not a good investment since the
cost of building the system is too high and the payback period for the system
is quite long.

4.16 a hydroelectric dam creates a reservoir of 10km3. The average head of
the reservoir is 100m. Compute the PE of the reservoir.
Solution:

10 9.8 100
 9.8 10


4.17 a penstock is used to bring water from behind a dam into a turbine. The
effective head is 20m and the flow rate of water is 50m3/s. Compute the
power of the water exiting the penstock.
Solution:

50 1000 9.8 20
9.8

4.18 the penstock of a hydroelectric power plant is 4m in diameter. The
water head is 60m. Compute the water flow rate and the velocity of water
inside the penstock if the power at the exit of the penstock is 10MW.
Solution:

10 1000 9.81 60
16.9 /


16.9

2
1.34 /


4.19 A hydroelectric dam has a penstock that discharges 10 kg/s of water.
The head of the dam is 80 m.

a. Compute the volume of the discharged water per second flow rate .

b. Compute the power of the water entering the turbine.

c. Assume that hydro efficiency is 0.95, the turbine efficiency is 0.9 and the
generator efficiency is 92%, estimate the generated electrical power.

Solution:
 a 100 /
b 10 9.8 80 78.4
c
78.4 0.95 0.9 0.92
61.67


4.20 A natural gas power plant has a condenser that extracts 28,000 Btu/kg
of natural gas. Compute the mechanical energy of the turbine and the overall
system efficiency.

Solution:

48000 1.054 28000 1.054 Note: 1 BTU 1.054 kJ
21096

21080
41.67%
50592

4.21 an oilfired power plant has a condenser that extracts 28,000Btu/kg of
oil. Compute the mechanical energy of the turbine and the overall system
efficiency.

Solution:

45000 1.054 28000 1.054
17918

 17918
37.78%
47430

4.34 Estimate the amount of nuclear energy produced by 10 kg of U.

Solution:
1 kg of uranium 25.4X1023 fission events
10 kg of uranium 254 X 1023 fission events

8.19 10

Chapter 5 Questions: 5.9, 5.10 (page 98)

5.9 If a 100 MW coalfired power plant is converted into natural gas ,

compute the annual percentage reduction of SO.

Solution:
SO2 from coal 7 kg/MWh
SO2 from Natural Gas 5 g/MWh
In one year,
SO2 from coal 7x24x365 61320 kg/year
SO2 from Natural Gas 0.005x24x365 43.8 kg/year

61320 43.8
100 99.92%
61320

5.10 in 2006, the world consumed 16.28 x 10 kWh of electricity; estimate
the maximum amount of SO released from the coalfired power plant
worldwide.
Solution:
SO2 released from coal 7kg/MWh 7x103 kg/KWh
16.28 10 7 10
1.139 10