264 CHAP.

6 Laplace Transforms

6.8 Laplace Transform: General Formulas

Formula Name. Comments Sec.

J
00

F(s) = f(f(t)} = e-stf(t) dt Definition of Transform

0 6.1
f(t) = ;e- 1 {F(s)} Inverse Transform

: {af(t) + bg(t)} = a f{f(t)) + b:E (g(t)) Linearity 6.1

; { eatf(t) } = F(s - a)
s-Shifting
(First Shifting Theorem)
6.1
;e-i {F(s - a) } = ea.tf(t)

f(f
1
) = sf(f) - f(O)
11
:E(f ) = s 2:E(f) - sf(O) - f' (0) Differentiation
of Function
;e(fn> = s nf(f) - s<n-Uf(O) - ... 6.2
... - rn-1)(0)

;e {f f(r) d r} = ~ ~(f) Integration of Function

t
(f * g)(l) = f 0
f( ; )g(t - ;) d;

=J
t

f (t - r)g( r) cfr Convolution 6.5

0

:ect * g) = :ecn~<g)
;E[f(r - a) u(t - a)} = e -a.F(s) t-Shifting
6.3
;e- 1 { e-a.sF(s)) = f(t - a) u(t - a) (Second Shifting Theorem)

!E{tf(t)} = - F'(s) Differentiation of Transform

6.6
; { f ~t) } = ( ' F(s) di Integration of Transform

;E(f) =
1
_ Je - ps f 0
e-s~ f(r) dr f Periodic with Period p
6.4
Project
16
SEC. 6.9 Table of Laplace Transforms 265

6.9 Table of Laplace Transforms

For more extensive tables, see Ref. [A9] in Appendix 1.

F(s) = ;t lf(t)] f(t) Sec.

l lls 1
2 1/s2 t
3 1/sn (n = 1, 2, ) in-1 /(n - I)!
6.1
4 1/Vs l /v:;ri
5 312
118 2-v'thr
6 Ilsa (a> 0) ta. - 1tr(a)
l
7 -- eat
s-a
l
8 teat
(s - a)2
6.1
1 I tn -leat
9 (n = I , 2, )
(s - a)n (n - l)!
l _J_ tk- l eat
10 (k > 0)
(s - a)" f (k)
1 1 (eat _ ebt)
11 (a =I- b)
(s - a)(s - b) (a - b)
s l
12 (a =I- b) (aeat - bebt)
(s - a)(s - b) (a - b)
1 1
13 - sin (J)f
82 + wz w
s
14 cos wt
82 + wz
l l
15 - sinh at
s2 - az a
s 6. 1
16 cosh at
s2 - a2

1 1
17 - eat sin wt
(s - a) 2 + w2 w
s-a
18 eat COS wt
(s - a)2 + (J)2 '
1 l
19 2 (1 - cos wt)
s(s 2 + w2) w
1 I } 62
20
s2(s2 + w2)
3 (wt - sin wt)
w
1 l
21 w3 (sin wt - wi cos wt) 6.6
(s2 + w2)2 2

(continued}
266 CHAP. 6 Laplace Transforms

Table of Laplace Transforms (continued)

F(s) = {.f(t) I f(t) Sec.

s t
22 w sin wt
(s2 + w2)2 2
s2 1 } 66
23
(s2 + w2)2
- (sin wt + wt cos wt)
2w
s I
24 (a2 =F b2) b2 2 (cos at - cos bt)
(s2 + a2)(s2 + b2) - Cl

l 1
25 k 3 (sin kt cos kt - cos kt sinh kt)
s4 + 4k 4 4
s 1
26 k 2 sin kt sinh kt
s4 + 4k4 2
1 l
27 s4 - k4
k 3 (siuh kt - sin kt)
2
s l
28 k (cosh kl - cos kt)
s4 - k4 2 2
1 _ (ebt _eat)
29 ~ - v;-::::-;; __
2v;;;a

30
Vs+av'i+b
1
e- <a+ b)tf2Jo (a-b t)
-2- 5.6

I
31 J0 (at) 5.5
vs2 + a 2

s ]
32 - - e0 t(l + 2at)
(s - a)a12 v:i"t
33
1
(k > 0) v; ( 2at r-112
I'(k) lk.-1!2(at) 5.6
(s2 - a2)k.

34 e-as;s u.(t - a) 6.3

35 e-as 8(1 - a) 6.4

36 _1 e-k/s J 0 (2Vkt) 5.5

s

l
37 -l e-k/s ~ cos2Vkt
v; 'TTL

} k/S
]
38 y;;f sinh 2Vkt
sa12 e 'TTk
e-1<.vs k e- k 2!4t
--
39 (k > 0)
2'\,/;;;3
1
40 - lns -In t - T' (-y = 0.5772) 5.6
s

(continued)
Chapter 6 Review Q uestions and Problems 267

Table of Laplace Transforms (continued)

F(s) = :E{f(r)} f(t) Sec.

s- a I
41 In - - - (ebt - eat)
s-b t

s2 + w 2 2
42 In $2 - (1 - cos wt) 6.6

s2 - a2 2
'
43 In
$2 - (I - cosh at)

w
'I
44 arctan - - sin wt
s t
l App.
45 - arccot s Si(t)
s A3.l

e=tj'?i'';M*NI''''''==''''''''~'*-1wa11:111~F
1. What do we mean by operational calculus? 13. sin 2 r 14. cos 2 4r
2. What are the steps needed in solving an ODE by Laplace 15. 111(1 - 7T) 16. u ( t - 27T) sin t
transform? Wbat is the subsidiary equation? 17. e * cos 2r
1
18. (sin wl) * (cos <ut)
3. The Laplace transform is a linear operation. What does 19. sin r + sinh r 20. cosh t - cos t
this mean? Why is it important? 21. eo.t - eb' (a * b) 22. cosh 2r - cosh r
4. For what problems is the Laplace transform preferable
over the usual method? Explain. l23-34j INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
5. What are the unit step and Dirac's delta functions? Give Find the inverse transform (showing the details of your work
examples. and indicating the method or fonnula used):
6. What is the difference between the two shifting 10s LS
23. 24.
theorems? When do they apply? s 2
+2 s2 - 4
7. Is ~ {f(r)g(r)} = ~ {f(t) )~{g(r)}? Explain.
12 3s
8. Cao a discontinuous function have a Laplace transform? 25. 26.
s2 + 4s + 20 s2 - 2s +2
Does every continuous function have a Laplace
uansform? Give reasons. 5s + 4 2s - 10
27. - -- e-2s 28. e- 5s
9. State the transforms of a few simple functions from sz Sa
memory.
2s +4 s2 - 16
JO. If two different continuous functions have transforms, 29. 30.
the laner are different Why is this practically important?
(s 2
+ 4s + 5)2 (s 2 + 16)2

180 + 18s2 + 3s4

111-221 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 31. (2s2 +2
sa
) e-s 32.
s7
Find the transform (showing the deta ils of your work and
indicating the method or formu la you are us ing): 'TT 2
33. 34.
11. te 3 ' 12. e- 1 sin 2t s2(s2 + wz) 2s 2 + 2s + 1