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Universit

e University of Ottawa
dOttawa Department of
Departement de
Mechanical Engineering
genie mecanique

MCG 3341, Fluid Mechanics II


Midterm exam, 26 February 2016, 11:30
Duration: 80 minutes;
Open book, all material permitted. Every question has equal weight.
Instructor: Dr. Matei Radulescu.

Question 1
Consider a tubular kite, as shown in Fig. 1. The wind speed is 5 m/s, the kites
diameter is 30 cm and the length of the cylindrical body is 60 cm.

a. Assuming a rigid cylinder, can the drag be estimated by boundary layer theory
for a flat plate? Justify your answer.

b. Estimate the total drag on the kite, including its 6, 90-cm-long tails, assuming
they are rigid.

This one

U = 5 m/s

Figure 1: Tubular sock kites attached to a pole in cross-wind. Taken from https:
//www.gombergkites.com/g-tails.html

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Question 2
Water is contained between two very long parallel plates spaced by a h = 1 cm gap.
Initially, the plates and the water are not moving. Suddenly, the bottom plate starts
moving with constant speed up = 1 m/s.

a. Once the water has reached a steady state, find the vorticity distribution in
the fluid.

b. Sketch the evolution of the velocity profile in the fluid immediately after start-
up, before it reaches a steady state.

c. Estimate the order of magnitude time it takes to reach a steady state (i.e.,
seconds, minutes, hours, days, months or years?)

plate is stationary
water

h = 1 cm

plate suddenly moves at speed up = 1 m/s

Figure 2: Initially everything is at rest; at t = 0, the bottom plate starts moving to


the right at constant speed up .

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Question 3
Consider the two flow fields illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. For each case, sketch the
regions where viscous effects are important and the regions where the fluid can be
assumed to be inviscid (not viscous). Explain your answers.

Figure 3: Uniform flow of water past a axi-symmetric body at a Reynolds number


of Re = 6000 based on the diameter. Tiny air bubbles were used to track the
streamlines. Source: Van Dyke, M., An Album of fluid motion, Parabolic Press
2003.

Figure 4: Uniform flow of water past a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of


Re = 0.16 based on the diameter of the cylinder. Aluminum dust was used to track
the streamlines. Source: Van Dyke, M., An Album of fluid motion, Parabolic Press
2003.

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