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PHYSIO BASES 5
• Sympathetic
Prepares the body for energy-expending
situations
Triggered by threatening situations
Promotes increase in heart rate, blood pressure
Inhibits digestion
Fight or Flight response (state of increased
physiological arousal helping the body cope and
survive threatening situations)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Autonomic NS
• Made up of numerous glands that are
located throughout the body
• Participates with the regulation of the
• These glands secrete various chemicals,
body’s internal environment/unconscious
called hormones, which affect organs,
activities, regulates heart rate, blood
muscles and other glands
pressure, body temperature and other
• Control center: HYPOTHALAMUS
visceral activities
• Portions of the autonomic nervous system
respond to emotional stress and prepare
the body to meet the demands of
strenuous physical activity
• Includes fibers that connect the CNS to
viscera
• Parasympathetic
Most active during normal conditions
Promotes decrease in heart rate and lowering of
blood pressure
Stimulates digestion
Rest and Digest response (promotes calming of
the nerves)
PHYSIO BASES 6
• Gonads – Ovaries regulate sexual
development, ovulation and growth of sex
organs. Testes regulate sexual
development, production of sperm and
growth of sex organs. Lack of sex
hormones during puberty results in lack of
secondary sexual characteristics such as
facial and bodily hari, muscles in males
and breasts in females.
CRANIAL NERVES
Sense of smell
I Olfactory Sensory
Sense of vision
II Optic Sensory
Eye movements
IV Trochlear Primarily Motor
Impulses from surface of the eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead and upper
V Trigeminal Mixed eyelids, teeth, gum, lips, skin of the face
Muscles of mastication and muscles in the floor of the mouth
Muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx, neck and back
XI Spinal Accessory Primarily Motor
PHYSIO BASES 8
PHYSIO BASES 8