Compare and Contrast Public and Private Universities

A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic

degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate
education and postgraduate education. Actually, University was divided into two which are state
university and private university. Public or state universities operate in whole or in part on state
or federal funds. This means all students regardless of race, religion and gender. Conversely,
private institutions may make exemptions, such as women-only campuses, or men-only, and
religious schools. In fact, the people have their argument about this issue and about choosing the
best of them. As a result, the people fell confuse when they are choose the best of one. This
situation is certainly not expected to happen. Because of these problems, we try to find several
similarity and contrast of state university and the private university; the similarity of state
university and private university is both universities require the student to have a bachelors
degree but both of them also have differences which are the cost for student, the program
available and the standard score for students success.
The first similarity of state university and private university is both universities require
the student to have a bachelors degree. Actually, a bachelor's degree is the first degree a student
can receive in his or her academic career, with the exception of the associates degree. The
bachelor's degree is sometimes awarded after learning an associates degree, though it is often
the first degree that is gotten. Whether or not an associates degree can be gotten first depends
upon the area of study. Both of the universities have the same standard to get bachelor degree.
Not only that, state university and private university also have the differences which are
the cost that must be paid by the student, the program available and the standard of scoring for
student success. The first difference is the cost that must be paid by students. Many people
assume a public college is cheaper than a private college because of tuition fees are reduced for
state residents. But the posted sticker price of a private college is rarely the real price. If a
private college strongly appeals to you, consider waiting for its financial aid offer before making
a final decision. More often than not, private colleges offer the scholarships and grants that
significantly cut your actual cost, even bringing it close to the cost of a public college. Public
college cost gets trickier for out-of-state students. Public colleges are largely supported by state
taxes. This means that put-of-state students. Whose families have not paid these taxes; usually
owe higher tuition than in-state students. Paying out-of-state tuition often put the cost on a par
with the cost of private colleges.
The second difference is programs availability. Many private universities do not offer as
wide a range of classes and major options as public schools do. If you are looking for a specific
major, it will often be harder to find a private school that offers that option and once you do find
that university, it may be out of state and therefore out of budget. On the other hand, large public
universities are often able to offer a wider range of subjects for you to study as well as more
teachers to cover them.
And the last difference is the standard of scoring for students test. Actually, both
universities are not the same in scoring for students success. For example, the students are
learning the same material and taking the same tests, they are getting the different score because
the both of the universities have different grade of the test. Actually, what really differs between
the two universities is the school atmosphere in which the student learns the material. The
students result formed through their school experiences are usually dramatically different.
Based on this explanation above, state university and private university have several
similarities and differences. The similarity is both universities require the student to have a
bachelors degree. And the differences from both of them are the cost for student, the programs
available and the standard score for student success. In my conclusion, the effect from the several
similarities and differences are to help the students to decrease their problems and to make their
learning process joyful. For recommendation, this explanation is about choice and initiative on
the parts of the students and the lectures.
Technology does more to increase Crime than to solve it?
Cybercrime, hacking, blackmailing, fraud, theft and extortion; these are the first few
types of crimes come into our mind when we are presented with the words technology and
crime. One of the reasons might be that we all have been prone to the nuisance caused by any
of these crimes at least once, as almost everyone these days has access to the computer and the
internet. Crime has existed as long as humans and will only become extinct with us. Why?
Because offending and violating laws is defined as crime, and laws are created by man. No one
can deny that technology has elevated crime rates and has even given birth to a variety of new
crimes, but has it not done enough to solve them? Before a conclusion is made, this topic will be
assessed by using various examples.

Cell phones, email and instant messaging have facilitated the criminals into doing their
job by lessening their communication gap to only seconds. Criminal masterminds from different
countries no longer have to sit in the same conference room and plot, with the fear of any law
enforcement agency locating their secret meeting place. All they have to do is either talk to each
other on their cell phones using conference calling and send and receive written and graphical
information on the same device, or simply send an email. This is one of the major reasons why
crimes such as car theft, robbery, stalking and terrorism have mounted, according to a statistical
report by police departments from England, USA and Australia, . Crimes like drug dealing dont
depend on letters, or dealers to visit the purchaser personally anymore. A simple phone call will
suffice as a source of contact between the two parties. A phone call and the price will be arranged
between the two. A phone call and the dealer will be told where to drop the drugs. A phone call
and the purchaser will be informed of any hindrances occurring. A phone call and the purchaser
will be able to tell his friends about the arrival of their long awaited treats. Technology has really
revolutionised everything

What was mentioned before was just a list of examples of crimes which have
increased in rate due to technology. Let us also consider the crimes which came into being
because of modern technology. Hacking, being the most well known and famous crime of the
modern era, can now be done anywhere, anytime. Every innocent computer can be used to hack,
either into a bank, a firm, or a house, depending on the hackers skills. Once he or she is
successful in doing so, results can be disastrous. Millions can be stolen from a bank in minutes
after the hacker sneaks in. Valuable and personal information about an individual can be
accessible once their system is broken into. What home computer users should also be aware of
is a recent technique developed by cyber criminals called phishing, pronounced the same way as
fishing and uses a similar technique. New internet users or naive internet users are the main
target of phishing and this is what the process is. The criminal creates a web page which looks
totally identical to a respectable online shopping website. Next, the link to the web page is sent
via an email to random users, and in even the email is created in such a format that it resembles
what the original website will send. This is the bait. The user when clicks the link, he or she is
taken to that web page, and there the user enters all their personal information, like credit card
number, address, whatever the page ask for. As the page is the exact copy of the original website,
chances are extremely rare that it will ever be figured out that the website is a fake one. Once all
the information is entered, it is sent to the hackers server where the web page is saved, and that
is when Christmas arrives earlier than usual for the hacker. Computer viruses, though not putting
a users personal information in jeopardy, do cause a nuisance. It can spread throughout the hard-
disk like a disease, and is transferrable through any storage device connected to the infected
computer or any email sent from the infected computer. It can cause data to be over-written, thus
making it unrecoverable, and if it is valuable data, it can cause terrible loss to the victim.
Everyone is prone to these crimes. I have really presented the dark side of technology, havent I?
But If no counter measures are taken to prevent these, then people must have stopped using the
internet and stopped going out of their homes in fear of these criminals on the streets and behind
every computer screen. Banks and business would have ceased their functions, but they have not.
May be because there is something out there which is as strong as the technology which
criminals possess; I am pointing towards technology. Yes, it is technology itself which is
preventing these criminals from committing new crimes, even though it is itself who taught them
how to perform it.

Technology is fair. When it helped criminals by providing them with new and
seemingly flawless techniques, it also provided law enforcement agencies and the general public
with skills and gadgets to fight against the criminals. Burglar alarms installed in houses have
been very effective since their invention, which resulted in discouraging burglars because they
now learnt that everyone had their homes equipped with these gadgets. Increasing car theft led to
the birth of alarms which triggered when the car was opened without its original keys, and car
tracking systems which could monitor the position of the car using satellites. All a victim of car
theft had to do was to call their respective tracker company, ask them to locate the position of the
car, stop its engines, lock the doors so that the thief cannot escape and send the police to that
specific location. Emails, calls, and text messages can be erased from computers and mobile
phones, but they are still recorded by the email provider and the cell phone operator. A suspects
records can be checked by law enforcement companies through these providers and operators,
and if found guilty, he or she can be brought to justice. Other types of gadgets involved in
solving crimes are finger print detectors, which are used to identify the criminal at the crime
scene by detecting finger prints and sending them to a database to check for matches. The metal
detectors and infrared baggage sensors, most seen at airports, are effectively doing their job and
are an essential part of preventing crime.

Though hackers and phishermen seem to be unstoppable, that is not how it

seems. A firewall is hardware or software installed on a computer system or connected to the
main gateway of the system managing the internet and network connections. This firewall acts
like a security guard, managing all the incoming an outgoing traffic. If something suspicious
arrives, like a hackers code sent to break into a system, it blocks it from entering the network
thus keeping all the computers connected to the network secure. Even if a hacker somehow does
get access to the system and damages, the computer IP address is recorded. An IP address is like
a unique identity given to a computer when it connects to the internet, and if an IP address is
known, the specific location of the computer can be easily obtained. Virus Scanners are present
in every computer system, which frequently scan for viruses and also provide real-time
protection against them. To protect against phishing, several softwares integrated into the internet
browser, called plug-ins, are installed to monitor every site and to check its integrity. A
suspicious site is automatically blocked by them, making it safe for any user to browse the
internet.
 Now it seems like the balance is equal. We now see that though technology has
evolved crime, it has also given birth to new techniques to solve and prevent it. It has been
equally just to criminals and law enforcement authorities. It is like giving a child a toy car, but
also giving the parents a remote to control that toy. Saying that technology has done MORE to
increase crime than it has done to solve it does not seem true because from the examples we have
learnt that for every crime created by technology or aided by technology, an opposite is also
created which cancels out those crimes. It equally solves crime as much as it increases it. When
on one side technology can be blamed for the increase in crime rates, it also has to be given
credit for solving them. It is like a balance, an equation, with positives and negatives cancelling
out each other.

Smoking should be banned in public areas?

The numbers of people who smoke have increase over the years. Although they are
equipped with the knowledge of how unhealthy smoking can be, people still choose to smoke. It
is a personal choice and a highly addictive habit. Smokers choose to subject themselves to the
health risks of smoking. It is not for the government or any third party to dictate whether or not a
person should be allowed to smoke. However, smoking does not only affect the smoker
negatively. It also affects all the people around those who smoke because when people smoke in
pubic the smoke travels everywhere through the air, and the negative effects of this smoke affects
all living, breathing creatures. Therefore smoking should be banned in all public places.

People who smoke in public portray a bad example. Children are easily influenced in
their growing stages. They imitate the people around them because they cannot differentiate
between right and wrong. Therefore they perceive the actions they see around them as the way
things should be. Besides that, teenagers who see people smoke in public take it as precedent to
start smoking as well. There is a saying that goes "monkey see monkey do," which tells us that
people imitate the actions of others as they see it in their daily lives. Teenagers happen to think
that smoking makes a person "cool." When they see adults doing it on the streets it strengthens
their belief in the "coolness" of smoking. Some teenagers think that smoking marks their
transition into adulthood and maturity. Hence, more teenagers start smoking due to the influence
of seeing other people smoke in public places.

If smoking is banned in public areas, it will promote a healthier lifestyle for

everyone. People will see it as a government endorsement for a healthier lifestyle of everybody.
This is because by banning smoking in public areas the government sends the message that the
government cares about the health of the citizens and that the government discourages people
from smoking. Thus, when smoking is not allowed in public areas it reminds people that health
care is very important. It reminds each and every person that the government is seriously
concerned for the well being of its citizens. Therefore, people would be reminded to live a
healthy lifestyle.
 If smoking is banned in public places it safeguards the life of the smoker as well as that
of the public. Studies have shown that second hand smoke kills. Second hand smoke causes
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), respiratory infections and asthma attacks in children.
Besides that, second hand smoke causes heart diseases and lung cancer in smoking and non-
smoking adults. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), secondhand smoke contains
at least 250 chemicals known to be toxic, including more than 50 that can cause cancer" (CDC,
2009). These studies have proven that second hand smoke can cause cancer and is extremely bad
for both the smokers and non-smokers' health. In addition, the CDC also states that, "The
California Environmental Protection Agency estimates that secondhand smoke exposure causes
approximately 3,400 lung cancer deaths and 22,700-69,600 heart disease deaths annually among
adult nonsmokers in theUnited States" (CDC, 2009). This means that just by being near people
who are smoking, innocent people are dying of diseases that are caused by second hand smoke.
This violates a non-smokers' right to live a healthy lifestyle because just by being in public
places where other people smoke they are subjected to breathing in toxic fumes. Consequently,
the health of innocent non-smokers who are in public places are being jeopardized against their
will.

By disallowing people who smoke from smoking in public, it will cause smokers to
smoke less. Because smoking is not allowed in public, people are only allowed to smoke in their
homes. This would mean that as long as they are out of their homes: at work, when they eat out,
at the movies or even at the parks, they cannot smoke. Smokers will have to wait until they get
home to light up a cigarette. As a result, their cigarette consumption reduces and they smoke less.
This in turn will benefit the smokers who have been trying to quit smoking but are unable to
because they have more reason to stop. The law prohibits them from smoking in public areas, so
cigarette consumption is reduced. Also, should they have an urge to smoke in public they will put
in extra effort to quash the craving because it is punishable by law. In addition, there is less
temptation for smokers who want to quit smoking if the ban is enforced because no one will offer
them cigarettes. Therefore, this allows them to abstain from smoking. This theory is proven in a
report published in The Daily Mail (2008), stating, "At least 400,000 people inEngland have quit
smoking as a result of the ban on lighting up in public places that was introduced last July."
Smokers will benefit from this ban because it will help them reduce the amount as well as the
frequency of smoking and it could also help them break their addiction to cigarettes. In the long
run it could help them quit, and also help them develop healthier lifestyles.

If smoking is not allowed in public areas it discourages non-smokers from

starting to smoke at all. People will not be tempted to start smoking because they know that
smoking is addictive, and if smoking is not allowed in public they will suffer from withdrawal
from their addiction to the nicotine from cigarettes. The Wiltshire Times (2007) postulates, "New
research shows that one in ten smokers claim to have quit and over half of south west smokers
have thought about quitting since the nationwide ban was introduced on July 1." If smokers
choose to quit or even think of quitting because of the inconvenience of not being able to smoke
in public, would it not, more so, prevent a non-smoker from smoking? Surely one would not
intentionally subject themselves to an addiction knowing that they will suffer withdrawal
symptoms due to that addiction. By banning smoking in all public areas, the government shows
support for the fact that smoking is bad, and it helps to set changes to the mind set in people
reminding them that smoking is not a healthy habit. Furthermore, smoking will no longer be an
issue when it comes to the influence of peers because nobody is allowed to smoke in public, so
peers cannot pressure a person to start smoking.

Some may argue that by preventing smokers from smoking in public, it infringes
upon their rights. It is true that smokers have rights and these rights should not be infringed
upon. However, a non-smoker's right to breathe clean air should be taken into consideration as
well. When people smoke in public areas the toxic fumes travel through the air and into the lungs
of others. Many non-smokers breathe in the second hand smoke and as a result their health is
compromised. Should non-smokers be subjected to these unhealthy and vile smelling fumes
every time a smoker chooses to light up a cigarette? Certainly not! Smoking is a personal choice
and people can choose to smoke but others should not be subjected to the health risks that come
from inhaling second hand smoke. People's rights to breathe fresh and clean air should be
protected, and along with that their right to maintain a healthy lifestyle without breathing in
second hand smoke should be protected too.

If people are prohibited form smoking in public it would be safer for the
environment. When smokers smoke in public they tend to throw their cigarettes on the ground
wherever they are. These cigarette buds are detrimental to the environment because they take a
long time to decompose. According to McLaren (2005) "Traditional butts are made of synthetic
polymer cellulose acetate' and never degrade, only breaking apart after roughly 12 years."
Because the cigarette butts are not biodegradable they pollute the land. Most of the cigarette
butts that are littered all over the place end up the rivers, and in the bellies of fishes and other
aquatic creatures. McLaren (2005) also postulates that, "within an hour of contact with water,
cigarette butts can begin leaching chemicals such as cadmium, lead and arsenic into the marine
environment.' This pollutes the water supply that will inevitably end up in the stomachs of all
living creatures. If the smoking ban is enforced the littering of these buds will no longer be an
issue and the environment will be cleaner and healthier for everyone.

If the current situation continues, the health of many people will remain in danger.

The death toll for heart and lung diseases as well as the death toll for cancer will continue to
gradually increase if the current smoking situation is not corrected. By putting forth a ban of
smoking in public places the government promotes a healthier lifestyle for everybody and it
protects every citizen from many diseases and health risks such as cancer and other deadly
diseases. Besides that, the ban will eliminate the bad example set fort by people smoking in the
public. Children and teenagers will then have a mindset implemented by the government that
smoking is bad. The ban will discourage non-smokers from starting to smoke, thus preventing
them from getting addicted to cigarettes. Also, it will encourage smokers to quit, and aid them on
the difficult journey to be freed from the bounds of addiction. Consequently there will be no
cigarette buttes littered all over the place affecting the environment negatively. By prohibiting
people from smoking in public the government is protecting the God given rights of its people to
live a full and healthy life. It encourages people to take steps to better their quality of life and to
take care of themselves as well as the people around them. Therefore, smoking should be banned
in all public places.
Essay Writing

Compare and contrast traditional and online teaching

As technology progresses substantially, it has bearings on every area of our life, even
on the way of learning. At present, we could either attend traditional classes in brick-and-mortar
learning institutions, or virtual classes in online universities and colleges. Despite sharing some
superficial similarities, the differences between a traditional class and an online class are
remarkable. Both types of learning require instruction from teachers, and have comparable
method of assessments. Though, they differ from one another in terms of scheduling, learning
process, and communication.
The first distinction between a traditional class and an online class is scheduling.
Traditional class requires a fixed place or environment for learning and teaching. This restricts
the number of students that can study at the same time. Number of students would depend on the
size of class and learning institution. Furthermore, traditional class is not flexible as it requires
the students and teachers to attend a particular place at specific times. For example, students of
traditional class have the responsibility to show up for class to meet attendance requirement
(Quality Distance Education at your Fingertips, n.d.). Therefore it is not convenient for full-time
workers since they would have difficulties in arranging free time to attend the class. On the other
hand, online class allows unlimited number of students learn at the same time, which only
requires connection to the network for accessing into the virtual class. It is also possible that
students from different countries gather in one class. Students can allocate their time easily to
pursue their studies in virtual classes. This is because online environment does offer distinct
opportunities for flexible, student-centered learning. Logan, Elisabeth, Rebecca Augustyniak,
and Alison Rees (2002), as cited by Driscoll et al. (2012), says that within online class, students
are required to take responsibility for their own education and are forced to be proactive in the
learning process. In short, flexibility of online classes allows students to attend classes at anytime
and anywhere, whereas students of traditional classes need to comply with rigid time table for
completing their studies.
Learning process is another aspect that differs online class from traditional class;
nevertheless they are similar in term of way in accessing for information. For traditional class,
students would need to go to brick-and-mortar learning institution for pursuing their studies.
Traditional class would be more book-approached. Materials like lecture notes, tutorial notes,
reference books, and text books are necessary for traditional classes. Library is the place which
students could find more information about courses. Journals, reference books, dictionaries and
dissertations are available in library which students can turn to. By contrast, the learning process
of online class basically relies on the computer and Internet. All materials of studies are basically
available in online classes and other external websites. Distance learners should be independent
and highly-discipline in order to achieve outstanding online learning (Kokemuller, n.d.). Only
perseverance can promise for the success of online learning. James and Gardner (1995), as cited
by Diaz and Cartnal (1999), mentions that students that favour of reliance on independent
learning skills would be more suited to an online class. Besides, online class can frequently
schedule real-time discussion to do their assignment or project while traditional class discussion
normally required participants to show up. Blackmore (1996), as cited by Diaz and Cartnal
(1999), recommends that the thing teachers can do to aid the learning process is simply to be
alert that there are diverse learning styles in the student population. However, students of both
types of classes could reach to same platform to access for information, which is the Internet.
Both types of learning need students to surf Internet to gain more knowledge regarding on
particular matters of subjects. Therefore, students can feel the distinction between traditional
classes and online classes in term of learning process, yet Internet is the common ground for
students of both classes to gain more knowledge on course.
There is considerable distinction in term of method of communication between
traditional class and online class, yet both of them share same objective, which is delivering the
information to the student. Traditional class applies face-to-face learning method that allows
teacher interact directly with students. For instance, students could meet up with the instructors
either in class or during consultation hour. Students could also have informal communication
with peers as they could meet up with peers in person frequently in traditional classes. On the
contrary, online class is devoid of direct interaction between students and teacher. Usually,
formal communication takes place in virtual classes. Students would need to communicate with
instructors and peers via e-mail, social network, or in class discussion forum. According to
Clark-Ibez and Scott (2008), instructors of traditional classes could observe their students by
looking and interpreting students facial expressions or signs of inattention, in which they could
then react immediately to rectify matters that may have gone amiss, unlike online class. In
contrast, the online environment could provide a more comfortable venue for participation
among students who are shy or lack of confidence and who may be intimidated by the public
setting of a face-to-face classroom (Driscoll et al., 2012). Nevertheless, both types of
communication are necessary to convey message to students so that students can gain more
knowledge in their studies. Hence, communication in both traditional class and online class is
significant although communication in traditional class is more direct and informal than online
class.
There are several resemblances between traditional class and online class, apart
from the significant distinctions discussed. Teacher instruction is indispensable in both
traditional class and online class. Both types of learning fully rely on teaching from professors or
lecturers. Instructors play crucial roles in conveying information and guiding students throughout
the course. In traditional class, instructors would need to turn up for class and present learning
materials. Students would need to attend traditional classes regularly to gain more knowledge
regarding their courses. Goodlad (1984), as cited by Relan and Gillani (1997), depicts scenario
for traditional class instruction: Not "how" but "what' to learn dominated consistently. Teachers
and students were busy covering' what was set forth in the textbooks and workbooks. Students
were moderately busy on assignments predetermined by teachers. Generally, the subject matter
studied appeared to be remote from daily concerns and interests of the students (Goodlad, 1984,
pp. 13-14). As for online classes, an online learner can view the learning materials at his or her
own convenience as there are several instructors who present the learning materials in live mode,
have pre-recorded their lectures, or even interact one-on-one with students (Tucker, n.d.).
Nevertheless, instructors should play as mentors of distance learners by providing academic
assistance and encouraging students to participate actively in online forum or discussions on the
subject of their courses (Stansfield et al., 2004). In short, students are required to interact with
instructors and glean information in both traditional class and virtual class.
In addition, both types of learning have same method of assessments which
comprise of formal tests and assignments (Is Online for Me? Classroom vs. Online, 2013).
Therefore whether online class or traditional class is being chosen, there would be an assignment
to be completed and the assignment must be instructed by the teachers. For the traditional class,
students can often grade each others work or edit each others written assignment but online
class can hardly to carry out this task, unless students send the assignment electronically to each
other. However, peer-review assignment nowadays is not only available for traditional classes,
but also for online class. For example, most assignments of online courses available in Coursera,
a free online education platform, offer peer assessments, in which students would use grading
rubric to rate other assessments from other students (Pedagogy, n.d.). In addition, both classes
also have the similarity that tests are conducted to identify what have students really understand
from the courses. Teacher sets the time limits for the test completion and the test can be either
closed-book or open-book exam (Tucker, n.d.). Students would have to sit for tests in their
respective learning institutions. On the contrary, tests conducted in online class are quite
exclusive. For instance, for distance learners of online courses of University of Delaware could
take tests through ProctorU.com, a platform which students can complete tests at home online.
Webcam and microphone are required for the online tests, and per-exam fee is charged
(University of Delaware Online Exams, n.d.). It is very obvious that method of assessments of
both traditional class and online class is identical.
As conclusion, we could experience several distinctions between traditional class
and online class, like fixed scheduling versus flexible scheduling, book-based learning process
versus technology-based learning process, and face-to-face communication versus online
communication. Nevertheless, these differences do not extinguish their similarities, in which
both types of learning rely on instructions from teachers, and have same method of assessment.
Both traditional class and online class have same purpose: to convey information to learners.
Learning plays a significant role in our life, and knowledge is an asset for us which could be
used to deal with daily occurrences. As we have concerned, only different particular characters
would suit to either traditional class or online class. Hence, we would need to identify our
personality and preference before making choice between these two alternatives.

Should smoking be banned?

Cigarette, a long cylindrical roll of tobacco has been smoked by men for centuries.
However, due to the fact that it has been the cause of several debilitating diseases, there have
long been calls for it to be banned. In recent times, the calls for a total ban on cigarette smoking
especially in public places has become more strident. Yet, there are many that feel that a ban on
cigarette smoking would be out of place. What are the facts? Should cigarette manufacturing and
smoking be banned outright?
Cigarette smoking is known to cause several devastating diseases such as lung cancer,
heart disease, oral cancer, high blood pressure, and birth defects among women who smoked
during pregnancy. Cigarettes are also known to cause frequent fire outbreaks in homes.
Governments all over the world have either proposed or are already implementing a range of
measures designed to cause a downward slope in the consumption of cigarettes. Such measures
include increased taxation on tobacco products, bans on advertisement, increase in the size of
areas where smoking is prohibited, and the promotion of an outright ban on its production and
consumption.
Cigarette smoking is known to kill about half of the smokers, reducing their life spans
by about 14 years on the average and killing 6 million people worldwide every year. In the
United States, 400,000 smokers die yearly from smoking related diseases and a further 50,000
non-smokers from passive or second hand smoking. In China, about 1.2 million people die
yearly from smoking cigarette. Cigarettes contain about 7000 ingredients including nicotine
which is very addictive and almost 70 of those ingredients are carcinogenic.
The case for an outright ban on cigarette smoking seems to be very strong. However,
there are those who argue to the contrary. Those who argue against a ban on cigarette smoking
propose a range of arguments such as cigarette not being the only consumable that is lethal to
human life. They say that junk food is also carcinogenic and that a ban on cigarette smoking
should also mean a ban on fast-food restaurants that sell junk food. Equally, they argue that the
right of smokers to choose what they consume will be compromised by a ban and that public
warnings as to the dangers of smoking should suffice. Some argue that guns, alcohol and exhaust
from car engines and industrial pollutants are equally as damaging to human health as cigarettes
and should also be banned in the event of a ban on cigarette smoking. Yet others insist that
tobacco industry creates jobs and revenue for governments.
Some go as far as insisting that cigarette smoking has not been proven beyond any
reasonable doubt to be the cause of lung cancer. The tobacco industry generates about 35 billion
US dollars in the United States and tobacco industry chieftains are known to wield considerable
influence on government thereby blocking many of the moves targeted at either reducing the
scale of production and consumption of cigarettes or placing an outright ban.
No matter how strong the arguments of those that oppose outright ban on cigarette
smoking, the hard facts are that cigarette smoking kills an unacceptable number of people yearly
and the argument that it is within the rights of smokers to choose to smoke is rather mute
considering the fact that cigarette smoking kills thousands of non-smokers as well from second-
hand smoking. Therefore, an outright ban on cigarette smoking seems to be logical.

A College tour to hill station

Visit to a place like Swat was as a dream come true, for me. It is a little valley that is
surrounded by mountains. Every single place within this city added to my freshness and made
my mind even sparkling. Visiting Swat gave me a chance of living my life to its fullest. Every
part of this heavenly city made me praise Almighty for His beautiful creation.

Glowing snow everywhere added to its stun. The city started looking even more natural by the
snowfall. The white, soft, cotton like snow made swat an epic place for me and of course, for
everyone else who was there to visit a heaven like Swat. The lush green trees made the area more
praiseworthy Visiting Malam Jabba, another gorgeous place within Swat Valley, boosted me with
a sense of freshness and made me feel proud to be a part of Pakistan, a country full of places like
Swat Valley.
 The culture of such a glamorous place was admirable too. The journey to the Swat itself
was a mighty thrilling experience as moving through the valleys and huge mountains were
thrilling s well as frightening. We hired the jeep to carry us to the Swat valley because it was not
an easy task to drive in such mountainous regions and even not every car has the power and
potential to move through such landscape. As we were heading towards Swat our driver was a
very talkative person but his continuous talk was just good in one manner as it was distracting
our minds and concentrations from those deadly and furious looking valleys and mountains. The
thrashing river was producing such a breathtaking sound but at the same time it was looking like
the natural beauty and the natural things were having conversations with each other. The silence
in the air was being eliminated by the sound of thrashing water in the river and the sound of fast
moving breeze that was one extreme combination and experience.

We had a booking in the resort in Swat which was just located over the bank of the
river. The palace where we planned to take accommodation was the idea of our driver as he
insured that we will not regret his option and we agreed to it. He took us to Miandam which was
a place full of natural beauty and the same time attractive and extreme hand art by the locals.
This resort town was located near by the local airport; the place was designed as an artificial
village with such good landscape. There were tracks and trails for the people for walking and
bicycling and the traditional wood houses and huts were the best out of the lot. Even the
graveyard of that place was designed and was an example of ultimate architecture. We stayed the
night there and in the next morning we planned to visit the Swat Valley Art, which is the Swat
Museum where everything which we saw was precious. That is one place which people usually
dont visit while their journey in swat and that surely is one big miss. We had to leave the same
day to further northern areas but we believed that what we have witnessed will not be compared
by any other scenic beauty and natural demonstration of landscape.