HALLUCINOGENS

LSD, Psilocybin, and Mescaline

CREATIVE WORK:
Hallucinogens are drugs that temporarily disrupts the communication
between neurotransmitter systems throughout the brain and spinal cord that
regulate mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual
behavior, and muscle control.

This project represents how these common hallucinogens affect our

neurotransmitter through the painting in the background where in it shows that
the target organ is the brain and how it affects the persons perceptiveness.

The wire games acts as the mechanism of the action where in everytime the
two wire meets the light bulb lits up and easily gone by angling the spoon shaped
wire in the right way. This only explains how hallucinogens has partial effects.
 Hallucinogens do not produce dependence or
addiction BUT still produce long term effect
Hallucinogens is under first group of
classification of drug abuse which are th e
drugs that activate G10 COUPLED RECPTORS
LSD ,MESCALINE ,AND PSILOCYBIN are
commonly called hallucinogens
the Hallucinogens
hallucinogens have the ability to alter consciousness such individual
senses things that are not present (characterized by color and shape
distortion)
hallucinogens are called also as psychotomimetics drug because of its
Psychosis-like manifestations (depersonalization, hallucinations,
distorted time perception)
Hallucinogens differ from most other drugs described in this chapter
in that they induce neither dependence nor addiction. However,
repetitive exposure still leads to rapid tolerance (also called
tachyphylaxis)
How does Hallucinogens work?
Classic hallucinogens are thought toproduce their perception-altering effects

by acting on neural circuits in the brainthat use the neurotransmitter serotonin

(Passie, 2008; Nichols, 2004; Schindler,2012; Lee, 2012). Specifically, some of their
most prominent effects occur inthe prefrontal cortexan area involved

in mood, cognition, and perceptionas well as other regions important in

regulating arousal and physiological responses to stress and panic.

Receptors and Mechanisms
Additional studies show that these drugs also fail to stimulate dopamine
release, further supporting the idea that only drugs that activate the
mesolimbic dopamine system are addictive. Instead, hallucinogens increase
glutamate release in the cortex, presumably by enhancing excitatory afferent
input via presynaptic serotonin receptors (eg, 5HT2A) from the thalamus.
The main molecular target of LSD and other hallucinogens is the 5-HT2A
receptor. This receptor couples to G proteins of the Gq type and generates
inositol trisphosphate (IP3), leading to a release of intracellular calcium.
Although hallucinogens, and LSD in particular, have been proposed for
several therapeutic indications, efficacy has never been demonstrated.
Short-Term General Effects
Sensory Effects
Hallucinations, including seeing, hearing, touching, or
smelling things in a distorted way or perceiving things that do
not exist
Intensified feelings and sensory experiences (brighter
colors, sharper sounds)
Mixed senses (seeingsounds or hearing colors)
Changes in sense or perception of time (time goes by slowly)
Short-Term General Effects
Physical Effects
Increased energy and heart rate
Nausea
Long-Term Effects of Hallucinogens
Persistent psychosis
Visual disturbances
Disorganized thinking
Paranoia
Mood disturbances
Long-Term Effects of Hallucinogens
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception
Disorder (HPPD)
Hallucinations
Other visual disturbances(such as seeing halos or
trails attached to moving objects)
Symptoms sometimes mistaken for neurological
disorders (such as stroke or brain tumor)
 How widespread is the
Abuse of Hallucinogens?
According to the 2013 National Survey onDrug Use and Health, 229,000 Americans
ages 12 and older reported current (pastmonth) use of LSD and 33,000 reportedcurrent use
of PCP (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013). Among high
school seniors, salviawas significantly more popular than LSD or PCP when it was added to
the Monitoring the Future survey in 2009. Past-year use was reported to be 5.9 percent for
salvia, 2.7 percent for LSD, and 1.3 percent for PCP. Fortunately, rateshave dropped
significantly for salivato 1.8 percent in 2014with LSD and PCP use dropping slightly
(Johnston, 2014). While regular use of hallucinogenic and dissociative drugs in general has
remained relatively low in recent years, one study reported that the United States ranks first
among 36 nations in the proportion of high school students ever using LSD or other
hallucinogens in their lifetime (6 percent versus 2 percent in Europe) (Hibell, 2012).
References:
[1] Katzung, B. G., & Trevor, A. J. (2015). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology(13th
ed.). United state: McGraw-Hill Education.

[2] NIDA Research Report Series (pp. 1-8, Rep. No. 15-4209). (2015). Retrieved
March 12, 2017, from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/hallucinogensrrs.pdf.
MESCALINE
LSD
PSILOCYBIN