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Describe
Flammable
Gas Measurement
100%
90% C
80%
70%
No
Combustion
60%
50%
40%
30%
UEL B
20%
Human Development
Consultants Ltd.
Describe Flammable
Gas Measurement
This publication is designed to provide general information regarding the subject matter covered. Care
has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information and that the instructions contained in this
publication are clear and reflect sound practice. The user understands that HDC is not providing
engineering services. The user understands that any procedures (task steps) that are published or
referenced may have to be modified to comply with specific equipment, work conditions, company
standards, company policies and practices, legislation, and user qualifications. HDC does not make any
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the results to be achieved by implementing the procedures (task steps) herein. To the maximum extent
permitted by applicable law, in no event shall HDC be liable for any damages whatsoever (including
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procedures (task steps) herein is undertaken at the sole risk of the user.
ISBN 1-55338-000-2
April, 2004
Human Development Describe Flammable
Consultants Ltd. Gas Measurement
Contents
Training Objectives 1
1 Introduction 1
2 Combustion 3
6 Self-Check 21
7 Self-Check Answers 23
Training Upon completion of this training kit, you will be able to:
Objectives Explain the purpose and importance of testing for the
presence of flammable gases
Describe the conditions necessary for a fire or explosion
to occur
Explain the concepts of LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) and
UEL (Upper Explosive Limit)
Calculate % LEL of a flammable gas in the atmosphere,
given the percentage concentration by volume of that
flammable gas
Calculate the percentage concentration by volume of a
flammable gas in the atmosphere, given the % LEL of
that flammable gas
Explain the general operating principles of flammable
gas detectors
Describe the main factors affecting the accuracy of
flammable gas detector readings
Identify safety precautions which must be followed
whenever taking flammable gas readings
1 Introduction
Many of the products and chemicals used in industry have the
potential to burn or explode. This potential for fire poses a
critical safety hazard during the transportation, processing, and
storage of the products, during the maintenance of related
equipment, during underground construction, and during entry
into confined spaces where flammable products may have
accumulated. At most industrial facilities, specific measures
have been taken to minimize the potential for fire or explosion
by employing various strategies, such as:
identifying hazardous areas
implementing specific policies relating to vehicle entry,
confined space entry, smoking, safe work agreements, and
work procedures to minimize fire and explosion hazards
when work is being performed in hazardous areas
E
UR
be present:
OX
AT
oxygen
YG
ER
EN
MP
a source of ignition (source of
TE
high temperature)
FUEL
fuel
Figure 1Fire Triangle
2 Combustion
Figure 2 shows various concentrations of a flammable gas in
the atmosphere. At 0% concentration by volume, no flammable
gas is present; at 100% concentration by volume, all of the
atmosphere has been displaced by the flammable gas.
Figure 2
Percent
Concentration by
Volume of A
Specific
Flammable Gas
Figure 3
Measuring the
Potential for
Combustion of a
Specific
Flammable Gas
Figure 5
Example of
100% LEL
y = % LEL
4% concentration by volume = 100% LEL
y = 25% LEL
y = % LEL
2.5 % concentration by volume = 100% LEL
End of Sample
A full licensed copy of this kit includes:
Training Module and Self-Check
Knowledge Check and Answer Key
Blank Answer Sheet