Vol 3 C - Structure

Volume 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFCATONS
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume 3C
Technical Specifications
Structure
Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 1

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table of content
1 STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION..................................................................................................................4
1.2 THE WORKS TO BE EXECUTED............................................................................................................4
1.2.1 The Eastern Side.................................................................................................4
1.2.2 The Southern Side...............................................................................................5
1.2.3 The Western Side................................................................................................5
1.2.4 The Northern Side...............................................................................................5
1.3 THE NECESSARY SEQUENCE OF WORK.............................................................................................6
2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................7
2.1 UTILIZED MATERIALS.............................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 Concrete reinforcements......................................................................................7
2.2 CONDITIONS OF EXECUTION................................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Cutting and bending.............................................................................................8
2.2.2 Reinforcement fixation.........................................................................................8
2.2.3 Jointing the bars (other than those shown on the drawings)................................8
2.2.4 Tolerances........................................................................................................... 9
2.3 MORTAR AND CONCRETE...................................................................................................................10
2.4 MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE PREPARATION.............................................................................11
2.4.1 Cement..............................................................................................................11
2.4.2 Aggregates.........................................................................................................11
2.4.3 Water................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.4 Additives............................................................................................................ 13
2.5 TECHNICAL CONDITIONS....................................................................................................................13
2.5.1 Concrete composition........................................................................................14
2.5.2 Concrete preparation.........................................................................................15
2.5.3 Concrete transport.............................................................................................16
2.5.4 Control of concrete quality.................................................................................16
2.6 ROLLED STEEL FOR METALLIC WORKS............................................................................................17
2.6.1 Quality control....................................................................................................17
2.7 POLYURETHANE (PUR) RESINS.......................................................................................................18
3 TECHNOLOGIES OF EXECUTION................................................................................19
3.1 FOUNDATION WORKS..........................................................................................................................19
3.2 CRACK INJECTION................................................................................................................................19
3.3 POURING THE CONCRETE..................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 General rules for concreting...............................................................................22
3.3.2 Concrete pouring in superstructure....................................................................22
3.3.3 Concrete pouring on cold weather.....................................................................22
3.3.4 Concrete pouring on warm weather...................................................................23
3.3.5 Concrete treatment after pouring.......................................................................23
3.3.6 Concrete compaction.........................................................................................23
3.3.7 Deviations and tolerances..................................................................................24
3.3.8 Quality control of the reinforced concrete works................................................24
3.4 METALLIC CONSTRUCTION AND JOINERY WORKS.........................................................................25
3.4.1 General considerations......................................................................................25
3.4.2 Technical conditions...........................................................................................26
3.4.3 Execution of welded seams...............................................................................27
3.4.4 Welded seams quality conditions.......................................................................27
3.4.5 Screw joints.......................................................................................................28
3.4.6 Quality control and checking..............................................................................28
3.4.7 Requirements for the acceptance of metallic works and joinery.........................29

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.5 FLOORS ON METALLIC BEAMS WITH CHANNELLED PLATE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
PLATE.....................................................................................................................................................30
3.6 EXECUTION OF THE CONCRETE SLABS ON TOP OF THE BRICK WALLED VAULTS....................30
3.6.1 Preparation of the adhering bed over the new brick vault..................................30

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 STRUCTURE
1.1 General consideration
The construction is structured as follows:

The precinct wall has a variable height, ranging between 4 and 20 m; this wall is reinforced
at its corners with four towers of square plan, higher than the rest of the precinct. If one
considers as reference level 0.00 which represents the level of the fortress inner courtyard,
the level of the outside land is lower and variable from one place to another, sometimes
reaching 7 m.
1.2 The works to be executed
1.2.1 The Eastern Side
Where the access to the fortress is realized through the north-eastern tower (TNE), the wall
height reaches about 20 m, due to the descending slope of the land outside with about 7 m
as reported to the reference level.
- vaults of masonry, one brick thick, with 7 cm thick reinforced plaster on top with # 8/20
PC52 wire mesh, with 4.8/ m2 wires fixed between bricks;
- as a rule, the vaults (in case that they are not built on two layers) are realized on two
perpendicular directions, such that the efforts produced by them are not cumulated;
- on top of the vaults, floors will be executed made of I 16, at intervals of 50- 70 cm,
supported on the walls, and above them a flooring will be executed of 5 cm thick steel
plates, on which a concrete slab with a # .4/10 and 106 GQ wire mesh reinforcements is will
be executed; the meshes are tied to 6.5 cm high elements welded to the metal flooring;
- vaults are to be executed above the following rooms: E1, E2, E4, E5 at the ground floor,
E6, E8, E9 at the first floor and one more vault will be executed above the room E10 located
at the second floor, above the rooms E1, E2, and E6. We must specify that these vaults,
located in the vicinity of TNE, have the same orientation, namely with the generator parallel
to the longitudinal walls;
- the vault above the room E7 is perpendicular to the longitudinal walls, similar to the vault
below, covering the chapel E3;
- at present, at this wing vaults only exist above the chapel, made of concrete in the years
1970- 1973;
- on the western side of the wing the arching (over-covered with concrete) will be completed
from the margin of the room E4 to TNE, above which a packing of crushed BCA bricks will
be realized, then a reinforced concrete slab, the hydro-isolation and the stone slab floor;
- the TNE, also on four levels, the first one at level -0.50m, i.e. the level of the access
bridge, and the last one at about 11.50 m, close to the level of the vault covering the room
E10;
- the TSE (south-eastern tower) had three levels (only two of them still exist) at the level
+4.50 m, built of metallic sections; a vault above them, and at the level +1.30 a wooden
floor are to be built;
The general rule states that the tower floors are to be built of oak wood beams, while the
floors over the brick walled vaults consolidated with reinforced concrete, are executed from
metallic sections.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.2.2 The Southern Side
Where the fortress preserves only one level, so that the upper wall level is +4.20 m, and the
terrace is realized at the level of +3.28m to permit the visitors to enjoy the view to the
southern side;
- on this side there are three rooms with concrete vaulted ceilings, on top of which there is a
concrete flat roof acting as a terrace, realized within the period 70- 73; in this zone the
waterproofing needs to be redone, due to the water infiltration in the room bellows after
rains;
- this wing is framed by the south-eastern (TSE) and south- western towers(TSV), both
having heights between 11 and 12 m;
- the south eastern tower has three floors; the ground level of the basement is at -2.55m,
and the floors at levels +3.35m and +6.00 m will be redone on oak beams;
- in the south western corner of TSV, due to the rain water erosion, the foundation level
dropped to about 80cm; as a consequence, this area needs to be protected by injection
works and covered with earth.
1.2.3 The Western Side
Where the wall height raises from about 7.50m to about 11.50m compared to the 0.00m
reference level, which makes possible the reconstruction of two floors, based on the traces
of the 14th- 15th century vaults that can still be seen; taking into account that on this side the
ground level drops to about 7.00m as compared to the 0.00m level, the wall height is here of
about 20m.
- the vaulting ceiling above the basement rooms V1 and V4 will be rebuilt, together with the
vaults above the mezzanine rooms V5, V6, V7 and V8; the vault above the room V5 is a
vault with penetrations;
- concrete floors on metal profiles will be rebuilt above the vaults, similar to the eastern
wing;
- the north- eastern tower (TNV) had six floors, out of which the one at the level +13.5 m still
exists, made with metallic sections; the other four floors, at the levels +2.10m, +5.5m,
+6.1m, +10.0m, will be executed of oak beams.
1.2.4 The Northern Side
Where there are no rooms against the fortress wall, which is about 10.5- 13.65 m high,
being fortified with buttresses on the outside;
- the northern wall is framed by the north- eastern and north-western towers which are
about. 2- 4m higher than the wall.
As a general characteristic of the conservation condition of the fortress walls, one must
specify that, as a rule, their upper part has a higher decay degree, since the damaging effect
of physical and chemical effect of the water, the daily and seasonal temperature variations,
as well as of the wind are stronger in this side. The same is true concerning the repeated
effect of snow falls and frost- defrost effect.
In other areas (especially toward the exterior of the fortress precinct) a decay of the walls is
noticed, produced by water infiltration associated with the repeated frost- defrost
phenomena. These area are on the north- eastern side, next to the south-eastern tower, as

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
well as on the western side next to the south-western tower, where, due to the big difference
in level, the earth was washed away and the foundation level dropped to about 80 cm from
the ground level.
The feasibility study reveals as measures of general and absolutely necessary intervention,
the injection of cement past within the fortress wall volume. By filling up the voids created by
the physical and chemical degradations leading to wall mortar friability, the wall becomes
impermeable. These injections are recommended for all the bottom part of the walls, the
access bridge pillars, as well as the coping of the walls. Following the injection, the partial
recovery of the walls covering layers has to be executed, taking as a model the areas where
this layer gave good results.
Taking into account that all the damages found at the fortress walls are caused by the
climatic factors which attack the building material. i.e. mortar and stone, we propose to
complement the mass injection with mortar paste, in certain more exposed areas, with
injection of polyurethane (PUR) resins which are able to ensure, besides a good water-
proofing, also and increase of the masonry bearing capacity and even a remaking of the
continuity of the walls damaged stones. Taking into account that our experience in this area
is quite reduced, we propose as injection areas: TNE, according to the indications from
drawing A4, the lower part of TSV (down to the foundation level), drawing A6, and an area
from the northern wall coping, which is more damaged, A8.
The injection with bi- component PUR resins will be carried out after mass injection of the
cement paste (according to the specifications).
1.3 The necessary sequence of work
The sequence of the execution works takes into account both the structure decay condition,
and proposed target. In this connection, the first intervention measures will be those
necessary to secure the local stability of the structural walls, namely:
Wall stopping and rebuilding works, with stone and cement-lime mortar M25
Works of cement and lime paste injection in cracks and volume, to remake the
masonry continuity;
Realization of the proposed vaults with wires in joints, connection of the over-
cementation reinforcement, and over cementation;
Realization of the proposed floors
Walls jointing
PUR injection in masonry mass to increase the resistance and to waterproof the
areas exposed to bed weather.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Utilized materials
2.1.1 Concrete reinforcements
Hot rolled round smooth steel bars, for concrete reinforcement: OB 37

Hot rolled round shaped steel bars for concrete reinforcement: PC 52
Chemical composition
Material Chemical composition, necessary content, %

Rod type
type
C Cr Mn P S
Carbon
OB 37 0.15-0.23 0.07 0.40-0.75 0.045 0.045
steel
PC 52 0.16-0.22 0.55 1.20-1.60 0.045 0.045
Alloyed
steel
Mechanical characteristics
Rod type OB 37 Pc 52
Normal diameter, d, mm 6-12 14-40 6-14 16-18

Ultimate strength Rc, kg/mm2 26*) 24*) 26 35
Maximum tensile load R, min., kg/mm2 37 37 52 52
Elongation A5 90 min 25 25 20 20
Bending at normal temperature
- angle 180o 180o
180o 180o
- dome x 3 3
0,5 0,5
*) The highest value of RS18

Smooth wire for constructive reinforcement
Diameters: according to STAS 438/2-91
Tolerances: the same
The drawn wire will be made of OL 34-1 steel, made in Romania according to STAS 500/2-
80.
Mechanical characteristics
Diameter (d) 3-5 mm
Ultimate strength (Rc) 40 kg/mm2
Maximum tensile load (R) 50 kg/mm2

Elongation (A10) 90 min 68
Binding wire: black soft wire 1.00mm, carbon steel according to STAS 889-89
Delivery and marking according to STAS 438/1-89.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The straight wire and/or in coils will be stored on a platform covered with a stone layer and
piled in order, on the concrete blocks above the floor level, to permit their inspection and
identification; without dust or damaging materials.
Reinforcement handling and protection.
The reinforcements will be always be kept clean, without traces of dart, paint, oil, fat, rust,
scale, earth or any other material that can bring prejudice to the adherence between the
concrete and reinforcement or can cause the reinforcement corrosion or concrete
disintegration. The adherent cement or lime milk, or the hardened or partially hardened
cement that may remain on the reinforcement after casting the previous step will be
permitted to the extent accepted by the Engineer, yet only if they are not too large or non-
adherent.
2.2 Conditions of execution
2.2.1 Cutting and bending
The bars delivered in rings or the straight bars bent in half for the sake of transport, as well
as the incorrectly bent bars will be straightened up and bent again by methods which will not
damage the material, either the core or the ribs. The bars which show signs of fracture will
be rejected.
The reinforcement will be cold cut and/or bent, according to the stipulations from BS 4466.
The bars are not to be cut in flame or to be heated before cutting, except for the express
permission of the resistance engineer.
2.2.2 Reinforcement fixation
The reinforcement will be precisely fixed and secured, in order to prevent its movement
beyond the limits accepted by the tolerances.
The concrete covering of the basic reinforcement to the plates and foundation, of the
brackets of poles and beams and main bars of the walls, according to the specifications
from the drawings will be ensured and maintained within the limits of the admitted
tolerances by means of cement, plastic or metal spacers.
The minimum thickness of the concrete covering on the reinforcements will observe the
stipulations of the STAS 1010/0-90.
The spacers can be executed from any other durable material which does not cause the
reinforcement corrosion or the exfoliation of the concrete coating.
The upper bars will be kept in the correct position by adequate stands. The metallic stands,
if not protected to observe the above conditions concerning the spacers, will be supported
on the blocks of the concrete spacers as above.
The vertical light necessary between successive beam layers or similar elements will be
maintained by providing metallic spacer rods inserted at such intervals that the main bars
should not make visible deflection between the joining spacers.
The non- structural connections (which are not to be loaded) for reinforcement positioning
can be executed of black steel wire or by tack weld.
2.2.3 Jointing the bars (other than those shown on the drawings)
General data

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Building Contractor will deliver the reinforcing steel at the whole length, according to the
indications from the drawings, as far as possible.
The Building Engineer can use two shorter bars instead of a long one, under the condition
that these are properly jointed.
According to the present specification, jointing means any jointing between two bars except
from those in the drawings, which ensure the transfer of the theoretical stress from one bar
to another. The jointing can be carried out by overlapping or by arc welding.
At the tension bars and poles, any jointing of the main reinforcing bars will be welded. In
plates and girders, reinforcement jointing at the point of maximum stress will be avoided as
much as possible. If possible, the jointing from the parallel bars of the main reinforcement
from the girders will be placed shifted along the longitudinal direction, to reduce the stresses
in the concrete and to prevent bars accumulation that might impede the proper concrete
pouring around the bars.
The jointing are considered shifted if the distances between the joint axes are at least equal
to the overlapping length multiplied by the factor 1:3.
For the utilized reinforcements, the bracing (overlapping) lengths d x (where d is the
reinforcement diameter) will be respected, according to the table below:
The values of for

Unfavorable
Unfavorable
Good conditions of
conditions
Steel Concrete class tolerance adherence
of
and working cumulated with
adherence
conditions unfavorable
or stress
conditions
C8/10,C12/15,(Bc10,Bc15) 35 45 55
PC52
C16/20,C20/25,(Bc20,Bc25) 30 40 50
C8/10,C12/15, (Bc10, Bc15) 40 50 60

OB37
C16/20,C20/25,(Bc20,Bc25) 35 45 55
2.2.4 Tolerances
Cutting and shaping of bent bars
at least up to, inclusively Plus Minus

- 1000 mm 5 5 mm
1000 mm 2000 5 10
2000 mm 5 25
Overlapping jointing
Tolerances for the length and overlapping: plus 3d minus 0
Deviation from the specified position: 50mm
Tolerances for distances between bars:
Beams poles 3mm
Walls plates 5 mm
Foundations 10 cm
Distances between fixing straps

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spiral pitch 10 mm
2.3 Mortar and concrete
Standards and norms
STAS 790- 84 Water for concretes and mortars

STAS 388- 95 Hydraulic binder. Portland cement
STAS 1667- 76 Heavy natural aggregates for concretes and mortars, with mineral
binders
STAS 10107/0-90 Civil and industrial engineering. Calculus and composition of
reinforced and pre-compressed concrete
STAS 8600- 79 Civil, industrial and agro-zootechnical engineering. Tolerances and
assemblages in constructions. Tolerance system.
STAS 10265- 75 Tolerances in construction. Quality of finished surfaces. Basic terms
and concepts.
STAS 10265/1- 84 Tolerances in constructions, tolerances for reinforced concrete
surfaces
STAS 12400/1- 85 Civil and industrial engineering. Performances in constructions.
General concepts and principles
NE 012-99 Code of practice for the execution of concrete and reinforced concrete
works
C56- 85 Normative for the verification of quality and acceptance of
construction works
* The main regulations which amend the stipulations of the Normative NE 012-99, chapter
2, will also be taken into account.
2.4 Materials used in concrete preparation
2.4.1 Cement
For the concrete preparation cement must be used with resistance class 32.5, whose
technical conditions of acceptance and delivery are regulated by SR 388- 95; with the
Designers agreement and according to the Normative NE 012-99, this can be replaced by
another cement.
The cement storage at the concrete station will be done in silos. It is compulsory to keep
record of the silos where each cement transport was stored.
The duration of the storage in the silos of the concrete station will not exceed 30 days since
the date of its expedition by the supplier. If, as an exception, this storage duration is
exceeded, the corresponding cement will only be used if the Designer and the Beneficiary
agree and depending on the mechanical resistance obtained according to STAS 227/6-86
Cements. Physical tests. Determination of mechanical trials, at the age of 2 days, on the
samples taken (at the evacuation from the silo) at most 5 days before the approval for the
utilization.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The quality of the supplied cement will be checked according to the stipulations from the
ANNEX VI.1 or the Normative NE 012-99. The cement will only be used with the laboratory
approval and based on the trials concerning the hardening, the volume constant and
mechanical resistances at the age of 2 days.
The cement will only be utilized after quality certification by an authorized laboratory.
2.4.2 Aggregates
The aggregate sorts have to satisfy the technical conditions stipulated in STAS 1667- 76.
The sorts : 0 3, 3 7, 7 16, 16 31will be used , with the corresponding specifications
for different concrete classes.
Adoption of other aggregates sources or sorts is only accepted with the previous approval of
the Designer and Beneficiary.
Concerning the granulation, the aggregates sorts need to respect the following conditions:
- remains on the lower screen which delimitates the sort - max. 10%
- material passed through the upper screen which delimitates the sort: min. 90%
- for the sort 0- 3, the sieved material must range between 35- 75%.
In the case that one finds out that the supplied sorts do not respect the above mentioned
conditions, the laboratory will reanalyze the proportion between different sorts, such that the
total aggregate ranges between the limits accepted in the present specifications.
Under these circumstances, the laboratory will pursue the preservation of a constant content
of the aggregates below 3 mm. The determination will be carried out by sieving on the 3 mm
sieve under water jet of an amount of 10 kg fresh concrete and wet weighing of the
aggregates remained on the sieve. If between two successive determinations carried out at
a 3-4h interval the difference exceeds 10%, the proportions between the sorts will be
rectified.
The aggregates sorts have to satisfy the following conditions concerning the impurities
content:
- Foreign bodies (animal and vegetal) are not accepted
- Thin films of clay or other materials adhering on the aggregate grains are not
accepted
- Clay in pieces is not accepted
- Mica content max. 2.0%
- carbon content max. 0.5%
- The content of levigable parts will not exceed:
- for sand max. 2.0%
- for gravel max. 0.5%
- for the entire aggregate max. 1%.
It is compulsory to respect this limit content of levigable materials at the supply source. If
necessary, aggregate washing, re-sieving, etc are to be resorted to.
The humus content, determined with the NaOH solution will give an colorless or light yellow
solution.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The methods used to verify the aggregate quality are those established by STAS 4606- 80,
and the control of the aggregate quality is presented in NE 012-99, item 17.2.1.1 and
ANNEX VI.1.
For the quantity delivered during a transport, the supplier is bound to send, together with the
expedition document, the certificate of quality with the results of the performed
determinations. The Contractor laboratory is bound to examine the data written down in the
certificate of quality. Should they guarantee the aggregate quality.
The laboratory will proceed to the verifications provided in the Annex VI.1. I. If they do not
guarantee the aggregate quality, the transport will be refused.
During the transport from the supplier, as well as of the storage at the concrete station, the
aggregates are to be protected against contamination and the sorts mixing should be
avoided.
The warehouses on the concrete station will be executed on concrete platforms, having
ensured the fast evacuation of the water from precipitations and aggregates spraying.
The laboratory of the concrete manufacturer is bound to carry out the verification of the
quality conditions for each aggregate sort when supplying them. Checks are to be
performed for:
- foreign bodies
- clay in pieces
- levigable part
- granulation
- grain shape (for gravel and chippings)
The determination will be carried out for each supplied lot, but at least one sample for every
200 m3. Should the results satisfy the stipulated conditions, the aggregate will be sent for
use; otherwise its utilization will be forbidden. The supplier and the beneficiary will be
informed within 48 h.
When beginning to be used and during their utilization at the concrete station, the laboratory
will check the sorts granulation and humidity, once in a shift and whenever considered
necessary as the result of the modification of these characteristics. The results of the
modifications will be used to correct the concrete formulas.
The laboratory will keep record of the verification of the aggregate quality as follows:
- all the quality certificates issued by the supplier will be kept in a file
- all the results of the measurements carried out by the laboratory at aggregate supply will
be mentioned in a record- book of aggregates;
The granulation zones recommended depending on the settling class are presented in Table
1 below.
Table 1
Settling class Cement dosage (kg/m3)

<200 200-300 300-400 >400
T.2. I I (II) II (III) III
T.3 , T.3/T.4 I I (II) II (III) III
The zones set between brackets are particularly adopted if the preliminary tests attest that
the concrete mix does not present the segregation tendency.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The limits of the granulation zones for 0 - 31 aggregates are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Zona Limit % passing weight

0,2 1 3 7 16 31
max. 10 40 50 70 90 100
I min. 3 31 41 61 81 95
II max. 7 30 40 60 80 100
min. 2 21 31 51 71 95
III max. 5 20 30 50 70 100
min. 1 10 20 40 60 95
2.4.3 Water
The water used for concrete preparation will come from the public water supply network,
complying with the conditions stipulated in STAS 790-84.
2.4.4 Additives
In order to improve the quality of the fresh or hardened concrete, additives will be used
according to the stipulations of the technical instructions NE 012-99 chapter 4.4..
The additive utilization for concrete preparation will be carried out according to the
stipulations of the Code NE 012-99 item 4.4.2. and ANNEX I.3.
The utilization of other types of additives is only accepted with the previous approval of the
Designer.
2.5 Technical conditions
The classes of exposure, the utilization groups and the considered service conditions are
presented in Table 3.
Table 3
Nr. The classes of Groups Service conditions

crt. exposure (ANEXA I.2. pct. 1.3. ) (ANEXA I.2. pct.2.2)
(Tab.5.1)
1. 1a dry - medium I a
2. 2a wet - medium I a
In order to ensure the conditions of strength and durability, the compositions of different
concrete types need to respect the parameters specified in the Normative NE 012-99, and
they will only be established by authorized laboratories. The main parameters for different
concrete types are presented in Table 4.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4
Minimum Class of
Cement A/C
COONCRETE dosage consistency-
No type and ratio
CLASS cement settlement
class max
(tab.5.5.) (mm)
1. II/A-S T.2 (3010)
C2,8/3,5 (Bc 3,5) 150 (200) 32,5 T.3(7020)
2.
C6/7,5 (Bc 7,5)
3.
C8/10 (Bc 10) 0,75
4. II/A-S 0,65 T.3(7020)
C12/15 (Bc15) 250 (290) 32,5 T.3(10020)
T.4
5. 0,55
C16/20 (Bc20)
6. 250 (290) II/A-S 0,45 T.3(7020)
C18/22,5 (Bc 22,5) 32,5 T.3(10020)
T.4
In the case that the concretes are to be poured by pumping, the stipulations of Normative
NE 012-99, chapter 16.3 will be observed.
The granulation of the entire aggregate will range within the limits prescribed by the
Normative NE 012-99, item 6.6.2, and STAS 1667-76, both for the concretes that will be
cast in infrastructure, and for those to be cast in super-structure.
2.5.1 Concrete composition
The concrete composition will be established based on the preliminary laboratory tests. For
every concrete class, a test schedule will be developed which will take into account the
following:
- ensure the imposed workability and establish the water quantity necessary for mixing
- classification of the total aggregate granulation preferably within the lower half of the range
specified in Table 4 and complete the chosen domain;
- choose the optimum cement dosage
- choose the optimum additive percentage
- follow the strength within the first 7 days since pouring
- obtain an average strength at the age of 28 days which should exceed the brand by 10 -
15%.
For the concrete classes higher than C 12/15, the compositions will be finished by the
laboratory and presented to the Designer for approval.
After establishing the formulas, these will be transmitted to the concrete station, being
considered as basic compositions.
For all the concrete classes, depending on the characteristics of the aggregate sorts from
the consumption storehouse, the laboratory personnel will adopt the composition and will
issue the preparation formula.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The formulas will be adopted according to the specifications from Annex II of the Normative
NE 012-99.
2.5.2 Concrete preparation
The concrete station has to be certified according to the Normative NE 012-99, the
Contractor having the obligation to bring in only the concretes prepared at a certified station.
The dosage of the materials which enter the concrete composition will be carried out
gravimetrically, admitting the following deviations:
- cement and water 2%
- aggregates 3%
- additions 3%
- additives 5%.
In order to reach such a precision, we shall proceed to the verification of the dosage means,
according to item 9.3.3 of NE 012-99.
The additive dosage will be accomplished with adequate dosimeters which should permit
the most exact measurement of quantities.
The sequence of introducing the component materials in the concrete mixer will be
according to the technical handbook of the installation. The mixing duration will be at least
45 seconds, complying with the stipulations of item 9.4.4 of the Normative NE 012-99,
depending on the concrete type and composition, the environmental conditions and the
installation type.
In cold weather, the Contractor has to take all the necessary measures, so that the
temperature of fresh concrete is not below +5oC.
The realization of the construction works during the cold weather will be according to the
stipulations of the Normative C16- 84, Normative concerning the realization of constructions
and afferent installations in cold periods.
The aggregates will not be warmed above + 30oC.
If for concrete preparation warm water at temperature above + 40 oC will be used, the direct
contact between water and cement has to be avoided. In this case, the water will be first
mixed with the aggregates and only after the mix temperature has lowered below + 40 oC the
cement will be added.
In warm days (temperatures exceeding + 25 oC), if elements thicker than 1.00 m are to be
executed, the Contractor will take all the measures necessary to produce the concrete
below the maximum admitted temperature of 25oC. These measures will include flashing the
aggregate with cold water, using cold water in concrete preparation or concrete laying in
periods with lower temperatures.
2.5.3 Concrete transport
The concrete transport from the concrete station to the location of bringing in will be
executed with tilting type concrete mixer. The local concrete transport will be carried out with
pumps, skips, chutes, concrete buggy, conveyers and other means.
Each concrete transport will be accompanied by a delivery order which will mention:
- order number and issuing date
- station at which the concrete was prepared

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- concrete type and volume

- concrete destination, objective
- the hour of leaving the station
- the hour of starting and finishing the concrete discharge on the site.
The data concerning the concrete station will be filled in by the station manager, and the
data on the site will be filled in by the chief operator.
The transport order will be drawn in two copies, one remains on the site and the other goes
back to the station.
What concerns the maximum transport duration from the station to the site, see the
stipulations of NE 012-99, chapter 12.1.
2.5.4 Control of concrete quality
The rules that should be complied with in the activity of control and security of concrete
quality are stipulated in details in NE 012-99 as follows:
Item 17.2.1.1.- the control of constituent materials
Item 17.2.1.2.- The control before bringing in
Item 17.2.1.3. The control during concrete transport, compaction and treatment.
The results of the tests carried out on three specimens series, at the age of 28 days, have to
satisfy the laboratory conditions.
According to the methodology presented in the Normative 012-99, the laboratory of the
concrete station will develop a synthesis of the results registered on concrete specimens of
a class equal or higher than C12/15 tested during every trimester.
The results of the tests taken on the site must observe the conditions imposed by the
Normative 012-99.
The operative control of the concrete quality is performed by determinations concerning the
fresh concrete characteristics, determinations carried out at the concrete station, at the
location of bringing it in, on hardened concrete at short time intervals, according to the
stipulations of the Annex VI.3 of the Normative 02-99.
The concrete class is not considered as accomplished unless all the conditions specified in
the corresponding annex are satisfied.
2.6 Rolled steel for metallic works
The basic materials are indicated in the execution plan for each component apart. In case
that there is any doubt, the manufacturing company will ask for the Designers advise. The
casual changes of the brands of quality classes of the rolled steel provided in the project are
only permitted with Designers written approval.
All the rolled steels utilized have to correspond to the stipulations of the products standards.
The rolled steels have to be accompanied by the factory certificate of quality and to be
marked by the manufacturer.
The factory manufacturing the metallic parts and sub-assemblies must check the
correspondence between the data from the certificate of quality and those from the STAS
500/2,3-80 and STAS 500/1-89.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The certificates of quality should be presented at the acceptance of the machined products
in the factory, and afterwards they will be preserved for 10 years.
The machining factory carries out tests for every rolled steel charge of the same type,
supplied from the same steel plant, the rolled steel quality by chemical analysis and
mechanical tests.
The mechanical and technological tests are:
# tensile tests according to STAS 200-87;
# cold bending according to STAS 777-88.
Sampling will be performed according to STAS 7324-75.
The rolled steels delivered from the supply base have to be accompanied by certificates of
quality, according to the stipulations of products standards.
The surface and volume flaws of the rolled steels must correspond to item 2.2. of STAS
767/0-88.
2.6.1 Quality control
The quality control will be carried out according to the stipulations of STAS 767/0-88 from
the execution operation sheets, according to the project for every stage of execution apart
(rolled steels selection and preparation, tracing, delivery, provisory assemblage in view of
welding, provisory jointing, welding, flaws repair, strap processing, etc).
In order to follow and control the execution, the factory will develop and fill in the execution
follow up sheets and measurement records.
The sheets will include, for every component, its brand and steel quality class, as well as the
charge and the number of the quality certificate of the lot from which the component was
delivered.
Similarly, as for every welded joint, the sheet will register the welder pressure stamp and the
name of the foreman who supervised and controlled the execution.
On sketching will be also marked the places where the casual repairs to the welded seams
(inside flaws), accompanied by written explanatory notes on the sketch.
The follow-up sheets and the measurement records developed for every welded component
and sub-assembly, together with the rest of the acceptance documents, will be signed by the
quality control office of the factory and presented at the sub-assembly acceptance, together
with the rest of the acceptance documents.
2.7 Polyurethane (PUR) resins
The polyurethane resins are applied differentiated depending on the work specific character,
and are characterized by parameters that express the reaction rate, foaming coefficient,
gelling type, viscosity, tensile strength, adherence, etc.
Application procedure
The insertion of the sealing and consolidation materials in the construction element or in the
ground is executed by injections in the drilled holes, in a pre-established dosage and mixing.
For drilling, one usually uses portable hammer drill and for dosage, mixing and injection- a
pump, easily and simply maneuverable.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Characteristic and properties
Conditions of admissibility
Initial temperatures
Measured Checking
No
parameter o o o o
method
15 C 25 C 15 C 25 C
No water contact In contact with water

Beginning of 120 20 045 15 DIN 2431
1
swelling
2 End of swelling 057 5 044 5 125 20 050 15 DIN 2431
3 Foaming factor 1 1 1.2 1-8 1-8 DIN 2431

Threshold time at DIN
4 < 15
30oC 16945
Soldering strength
DIN
5 (wet surface), 2.4
16945
N/mm2
SR ISO
6 Shore hardness D 85 3
7619-01
The utilized bi - components resins will have to satisfy the physical and mechanical
characteristics from the table below, in order to be utilized for injecting the fortress walls:
The builder will propose the Consultant for approval the type of material to be used.
Before starting the works, the Constructor will present the Consultant the Method Statement
which he means to apply in execution. No work will be executed until the Method Statement
is approved by the Constructor; the material will be only purchased after getting the
Consultants approval with respect to the manufacturer and product type.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 TECHNOLOGIES OF EXECUTION
3.1 Foundation works
The works at the foundation level will executed only in the western corner of TSV, where the
foundation level does not exceed 80 cm. In principle, the works consist in dismantling the
foundation of the abutment and of the area at which the foundation depth is lower than 1-
1,10m, execution of injections with cement and lime paste in the abutment mass (below the
level of the surrounding land), and then injections with PUR, with waterproofing role. After
the execution of injections, the filling with well compacted earth will follow, preferably claylike
earth mixed with sand. Above the natural earth, a 50 cm coating is recommended, such that
finally the foundation level reaches 1.30m, taking into account the possibility of land sliding
due to the slope.
3.2 Crack injection
Reference standard and norms:

STAS 3910/1-76 Lime. Regulations for quality control
STAS 146-80 Construction lime
STAS 5296- 77 Cements. Fast determination of the brand
STAS 1500-78Hydraulic binders. Cements with additions
C 18- 83 Norm for wet technology execution
C 56- 85 Norm for quality control and acceptance of the construction works.
Instructions for quality control and acceptance of hidden works and its modifications.
For the preparation of cement- lime paste, the P 40 or P 35 cement and lime paste can be
used. The following dosages are recommended:
for mixes without additions:
cement PA 35- 1p
lime paste 1p
0.45- 0.4 l water at 1 kg cement, in the case of mechanical mixing
0.50-0.44 l water at 1kg cement in case of manual mixing
for mixes with vinyl adhesive (in mass unit)
cement PA 35 1p
water 0.4- 0.5 p.
The mixes must have the fluidity of 13- 15 seconds, established with the reference cement
hopper, and the settlement below 15 ml.
The mix fluidity can reach 25 seconds in the case of cracks with openings larger than 5 mm.
The above dosages are just for information and are to de finalized by injection of samples
on reduced surfaces, checking if a good filling of crack is accomplished.
The injection installation consists of:
air compressor
drill press with 13 mm drill for concrete

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
mixer for paste preparation, about 1500 t/min;

mechanically or manually driven injection pump
reference hopper.
During the application of this consolidation procedure, the following operations are to be
mentioned: preparing works, mix preparation; injection and ensuring the adequate
hardening conditions.
The target of the preparing works: identification of the crack line and their characteristics,
ensure their most complete filling, accomplish a proper adhesion between the paste and the
masonry, decrease the effects of paste contraction as much as possible. This stage has a
decisive influence on the injection effects.
The preparing works consist in: all along the crack line and on the both faces of masonry,
the detached jointing concrete and stone pieces or broken bricks are removed. The areas
with detached stones or detached or broken bricks are repaired by rebuilding. The joints
between stones are deepened and cleaned to a depth of 3- 4 cm, in view to eliminate the
milled concrete and the dust, since their presence affects the adhesion and favors the
cracks clogging.
Along the cracks line, 12- 13 mm bores are executed with the drill press, with the depth of
about 40 mm, spaced at about 30- 40 cm for cracks with small opening, and 50- 60 cm for
large cracks, in view to insert the PVC tubes through which the injection will be performed.
At masonries with the depths exceeding 40 cm, the bores are executed on the both wall
sides. In the case of large inter-bricks holes, drilling the bores for PVC tubes can be given
up.
The following operation consists in cleaning the dust by aspiration (with vet syringe) and
blowing an air jet on cracks and joining surfaces; then the areas on which the concrete for
cracks sealing is applied, are washed with a wet rag (repeatedly).
In the drilled bores, nozzles are introduced (PVC tubes, about 70 mm long, with the outer
diameter of 13 mm and inner diameter of 12 mm. Then the area meant to be injected is
plastered on the both sides with cement mortar with the composition 1:3 (cement: sand sort
03), at least 15 mm thick. The concrete thickness is increased around the nozzles, to
ensure their anchorage. Control bores (nozzles) are left, about 50 cm apart, on the face
opposite to that to be injected. The deep penetration of the sealing concrete within the
cracks need to be avoided, to make possible their complete filling with cement paste.
The injection is executed at least 3 days after the preparing works. After controlling the
nozzles and removing the impurities, one can proceed to injection in itself.
The mix preparation is performed by introducing in the mixer the whole water amount, to
which will be slowly added first the cement, then the lime paste. The minimum mixing time is
5 minutes. The mix is prepared in quantities that can be consumed in one hour at most;
within this interval, the mixing is executed for 3 minutes every 10 minutes. The pump
reservoir is loaded from the mixer through a sieve with meshes of 1-2 mm.
The first charge is used for a test injection, on a restricted surface; if necessary, the water
amount is corrected, then at every charge the fluidity is checked to correspond to that
established by preliminary tests.
The injection is carried out starting from the lower nozzle, as follows: the injection pump is
started, the pressure is increased step by step, until at the end of the spear the cement
paste appears. At this moment the pump is stopped, the spear is inserted in the lowest
nozzle, the sealing packing nut is tighten and the pump is started again. The pumping
occurs intermittently, at short intervals, increasing the pressure which, still, need not exceed
3 atm. After filling up the nozzle, the pressure can be increased to 3-4 atm and kept at this

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
value for 5 minutes to permit the elimination of the water in excess by filtration. If after
stopping the pump the pressure drops, injection occurs normally.
When the cement paste starts to overflow through the next nozzle, the pressure is reduced,
the spear is pulled back, and the nozzle through which the injection was done is corked with
a wood plug. The operation is repeated similarly at each nozzle. If the injection is executed
on only one side of the wall, the control bores on the opposite side will be stopped
successively too. When the injection is carried out on the both faces, one can work with two
pumps in parallel, or with one pump alternatively on each side, so that the paste injection is
executed approximately in the same zone. If at the beginning of injection the pressure
increases suddenly, without dropping after the pump stops, this means that a plug was
formed on the crack line. This will be removed by flashing pressured water. In this case, it is
necessary to expect for two more days before re-injecting this crack.
At 15- 30 minute after the injection, a second injection is recommended, in order to
compensate for the accidental settling, loss, etc.
The hardening need to occur such that to reduce as much as possible the effect of cement
paste contraction. With this aim in view, the injected area will be kept wet by spraying for
about 7 days, protected against direct solar radiation and wind, maintaining a temperature
higher +5oC.
For the volume injection of the masonry, 40 cm deep bores will be drilled, and the injection
will be carried out by means of packers. In principle, the injection pressure is 2- 4 bar, but it
will be established by tests on site and it depends both on the masonry which is to be
injected and the fluidity of the injected material. The injection will start from the bottom
upward.
The control of the works quality will be carried out complying with the execution technology,
especially the indications of paragraphs 3.8- 3.9. The repairs concern additional injection
works in the cases of area found with unsatisfactory filling.
The measurements will be carried out for the material quantity brought it and the number of
charges with implanted nozzles, i.e. puttying of cracks and fissures, according to the
previously measurements carried out by the Contractor and confirmed by the Site Inspector.
In case the PUR resins injection is desired afterward, 60 cm deep bores will be drilled for
cement paste injection and then, for subsequent PUR resin injection, the bores will only be
drilled 30 cm deep, to perform the waterproofing to the outside of the masonry.
The injections will be carried out with bi-component polyurethane resins, which have special
physical-mechanical qualities, namely a compression strength exceeding even the
concretes value, associated with a large tensile strength. The resin which is to be injected is
used for injections in stone, brick and concrete masonry, in view of waterproofing. The
injection is executed with double acting pumps, since each resin component has a different
path before getting together in the mixer body, since their hardening time is very short (of
the order of minutes).
Bores are drilled in the masonry to be injected, at depth of 30- 40 cm, located on the crack
line or, in the case of mass injection, on a grid with the side of 60-100cm.
In order to know the technical condition (flaws, decays, infiltrations, holes, etc) of the mass
accomplished works an investigation program is developed, consisting in:
- taking drill specimens from the masonry volume and testing them
- investigations through geo-radar method in three sections, both before and after injection.
These investigation methods permit to approximate the objective condition both before and
after executing the work, as well as injection method, materials to be used, the final quality
of the work. In case that the investigations show incomplete filling of the injected areas, the
works will be retaken on these areas until the checks give adequate results.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.3 Pouring the concrete
The Contractor will develop for every category of elements: foundations, walls, poles, floors,
etc, the concreting operation sheets, which will be previously presented for approval to the
Designer and Investor.
The operation sheet will include:
- concreting sequence and rate
- the equipment for concrete transport and bringing in, as well and the correlation between
their capacity and the established concreting rate;
- measures provided to secure the work quality.
Before pouring the concrete in forms, the control and acceptance of the concrete forming
and reinforcing works will be carried out.
The concreting will be permanently supervised by a specialist appointed by the Contractor
managing board. This will elaborate an operation sheet in which he will register:
- the date and hour of concreting beginning and end
- the concrete volume brought in
- the indicatives of the series of specimens taken
- the measures adopted in the case of difficulties appeared during concreting (bed weather,
breaking off, forms flaws, etc).
3.3.1 General rules for concreting
The concrete bringing in will be carried out in 1-2 hours at most since the concrete
departure from the station, depending on the mix temperature and cement type.
The height of concrete free falling shall not exceed 1.50 m.
The concrete has to be spread uniformly along the element.
A new concrete layer shall be poured before the previous layer hardens.
The pouring shall be carried out continuously up to the technological working joints.
The maximum duration of concrete breaking off, for which no special measurement need to
be taken before re-pouring shall not exceed the concrete hardening time.
Concerning other general rules, the stipulations of the Normative NE 012-99, chapter 12.3
will be observed.
3.3.2 Concrete pouring in superstructure.
The poles, beams and floors will be executed according to the regulations of Normative NE
012-99.
3.3.3 Concrete pouring on cold weather
If the air temperature is +5 oC or below, or there is the possibility to decrease below this limit
within a 24 h interval, the temperature of the fresh concrete is recommended to be between
15oC and 20oC.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When pouring the concrete on cold weather, the necessary measures will be taken to clean
the concreting surface from snow and ice. It is forbidden to use the calcium chloride as
defraying agent.
If the temperature of the surface which is to be covered with concrete is lower than +5 oC,
the concreting will not be started.
For other regulation concerning concrete pouring on cold weather, see Normative C 16-84.
3.3.4 Concrete pouring on warm weather
When pouring the concrete on warm days, the Contractor will take the necessary measures
for an adequate concrete protection against quick evaporation of water from concrete.
Should the temperature goes beyond +25oC in day time, it is recommended to pour the
concrete by night.
3.3.5 Concrete treatment after pouring
Under normal temperature conditions:

- the concrete will be kept wet for at least 7 days
- the concrete humid condition will be secured by permanent sprinkling, or by covering it
with tarpaulins, sackcloth or concrete protection tent, permanently kept wet.
- intermittent manual sprinkling is forbidden.
Under the conditions of cold weather:
- the protection measures on cold weather will be taken when the surrounding temperature
(measured at 8 oclock in the morning) is lower than +5oC;
- normal conditions will be secured for binding and hardening
- a sufficient strength will be secured, to avoid the deterioration by freezing- de-freezing
actions
- cracks resulting from sudden cooling of the superficial concrete layer will be avoided
- the protection will be ensured by covering them with mattresses made of concrete
protection tents between two polyethylene foils;
- the protection will be maintained during 7 days since the concrete pouring.
- in the case of elements thicker than 1.00 m, removing the protection is only accepted if the
difference between the temperature of the concrete surface and the surrounding is lower
than 12oC.
Under the conditions of warm weather:
- All the surfaces will be permanently kept wet, either by continuous sprinkling, or by
covering with the materials specified for cold weather and manual sprinkling
- minimum treatment duration will be 14 days.
3.3.6 Concrete compaction
The concrete compaction will be carried out with internal vibrators (per-vibrators) or at the
surface, according to the Annex IV.2 of the Normative 012-99.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.3.7 Deviations and tolerances
The maximum deviations admitted at the execution of concrete and reinforced monolith
concrete works (in our case for the slabs) are indicated in the table below:
Construction elements Elements size Admissible deviations

Slabs
- length (width) <3m 16 mm
- thickness 3-6m 20 mm
>6m 25 mm
< 10 cm
3 mm
> 10 cm
8 mm
3.3.8 Quality control of the reinforced concrete works
The phases of the execution process of concrete and reinforced concrete works represent,
to a large extent, hidden works, so that the control and checking of their quality have to be
recorded in the Register of minutes for hidden works
The Minutes for hidden works will be concluded between the representatives of the
Beneficiary and Contractor and the Designer will be informed.
In the minutes for hidden works, the following are to be specified:
- the elements or work subjected to verification
- carried out checking
- resulted findings
- the agreement to proceed to the next execution phase.
If discrepancies are found as compared to the project or specifications, the necessary
rehabilitation measures will be specified and subjected to the designers acceptance. After
executing the rehabilitation, a new minute for hidden works will be concluded.
Under the circumstances that during the execution, deviations are found from the project,
specifications of technical regulations in force, the Investor representative will decide
termination of the execution of the work in dispute and will draw up a note of findings in a
specially elaborated register. In such cases, the Beneficiarys representative will operatively
inform the designer, who will establish and write down the measures that have to be taken
before continuing the work execution.
For the main execution stages, the Investors representative will check:
- the quality of concrete forming works
- the quality of reinforcement installation.
Before the beginning of the concreting works, one has to check the correct preparation of
the previously poured concrete surfaces and which are to come in contact with the new
concrete, especially if:
- the cement milk layer was removed
- the zones with non-compacted concrete were removed
- the contact surface present the adequate roughness necessary to secure a good
adherence between the old and the fresh concrete.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The quality of the delivered concrete will be verified quarterly by the statistical processing of
the results of the tests carried out on the samples taken at the concrete station.
The quality of the concrete used for each structural element is appreciated taking into
account:
- the findings of the visual examination of the construction elements
- analysis of the results of the tests carried out on specimens made on the site.
The quality of the concrete introduced in the work is considered as adequate if:
- no pouring or compaction flaws (voids, segregations, discontinuities, etc) are found
- the results of the tests carried out on cube-test specimens satisfy all the provided
conditions.
Concerning other exigencies, the regulations of the Normative NE 012-99, chapter 13 and
ANNEX IV.3 will be observed.
In order to secure the strength and durability conditions, the compositions of different
concrete types need to respect the parameters specified in Normative NE 012-99, and they
will only be established by authorized laboratories.
In the cases when an improper quality of the concrete brought in will result, the Designer will
analyze and will establish the measures to be imposed.
3.4 Metallic construction and joinery works
3.4.1 General considerations
In the execution of these structures, all the regulations and stipulations in force will be
entirely observed, concerning the execution, control of the execution quality and the
acceptance of the investment works in construction.
The manufacturing companies that contribute to the execution of the metallic structures are
directly responsible for the proper execution and quality of all the works incumbent
according to the execution plans, the normative and technical instructions in force, as well
as with the stipulations of the present technical specifications.
The metallic elements, sub-assemblies and structures will be executed according to the
execution plans handed over by the Designer.
The execution of metallic joinery, quality control and works acceptance will be generally
carried out based on the following standards, instructions and normative:
STAS 767/0-88- Civil, industrial and agricultural engineering. Steel constructions.
General technical conditions of quality
STAS 767/2-78 Civil, industrial and agricultural engineering. Riveted joints and steel
square cap screw joints. Execution prescriptions
STAS 768-66 Civil, industrial and agricultural engineering. Welded steel
constructions. Execution prescriptions.
STAS 9398-83 Welded joints with steel melting. Quality classes
C133-82 Technical instructions concerning the joints of metallic constructions
with pre-stressed high strength screws.
C 150-94 Normative concerning the quality of steel welded joints in civil,
industrial and agricultural engineering

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C 55-85 Normative concerning the quality control for construction works and
afferent installations
3.4.2 Technical conditions
In case the metallic joinery is executed in a factory, the company has the obligation to verify
the execution plans before starting the machining.
In case shortcomings are found or in view of making the machining easier (for instance
other shapes for the welded jointing, as well as the position of the additional workshop-
made joints), the procedure will be as follows:
For the shortcoming which do not affect the metallic structure from the standpoint of strength
or assemblage (discrepancies in size, differences in the bill of material quantities, etc), the
factory executes the corresponding modifications and, compulsorily, informs the Designer
about them.
For certain modifications which would affect the structure from the standpoint of the strength
or the assemblage, the factory communicates the Designer the modification proposals, to
get his approval. Any project modification will only be carried out with the previous written
approval of the Designer. The more important modifications need to be introduced in the
execution plans by the Designer; for certain small modifications, these can be done after
receiving the written approval from the Designer.
After the Designers control and after introducing certain modifications, the manufacturer
draw up the execution documentation, which has to contain:
a) All the machining operations necessary to execute the elements, starting from
dividing and ending with their expedition
b) Dividing and cutting technology
c) Welding technology, according to certified welding procedures.
d) The technological process of execution for each sub-assembly apart, which
have to ensure the welded joints with at least the same mechanical
characteristics as those of the basic metal to be welded, as well as the quality
classes provided in the project for welded joints.
Before dividing and cutting, the marking concerning the material quality and charge will be
transmitted on each resulting element.
The company which installs the resistance structure needs to draw up the mounting
documentation.
Before starting the elaboration of the assemblage documentation, the company has the
obligation to check up the factorys technical documents of design and execution and to
signal out the executor these shortcomings or mismatches found, as well as to suggest if it
thinks necessary, certain modifications of completions which will ease up the installation.
The technical documentation of installation has to include:
The spaces and measures concerning the storing and transport to the site of the
construction elements
Organization of the pre-assemblage platforms on the site, with the indication of
the transport and hoisting equipment to be used
Check the sizes involved in getting the imposed the assemblage tolerances
Preparation and execution of the assemblage jointing
Check the sizes and levels indicated in the project for the installed construction

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The sequence of elements assemblage

Methods for support and ensuring the elements stability in the intermediate
assemblage phases.
3.4.3 Execution of welded seams
All the welded seams will be executed according to the stipulations of the welding flow sheet
drawn up by the factory.
The welded seams have to correspond to the project dimensions or to those provided by the
flow sheet, if the latter are different. The seams aspect has to be smooth, uniform and
flawless.
The electric arc will only be ignited on the terminal technological plates in the joints or on
special ignition parts. Measures will be taken to avoid deterioration of the parts during the
welding or their splashing with melted metal.
The slag is removed from the seams only after their normal cooling. The forced cooling of
the welded joints is absolutely forbidden.
There are not permitted: cracks, lack of melting, poor penetration or other flaws unaccepted
by the quality elements of the welded seams prescribed in the project, according to the
technical instructions C 150-1984.
It is recommended to execute the welding in the horizontal position, if the conditions permit
this.
The position welding (vertical, overhead in the rain channels) on the site or during the
assemblage will only be executed by welders with experience in this field, trained, checked
and certified.
It is forbidden to weld steel elements at temperatures below +5 oC without taking specific
measures prescribed in the flow sheets approved by the Designer, without a thorough
control of the Contractor company.
3.4.4 Welded seams quality conditions
Irrespective of the jointing type and the welding seams, their quality will be checked
concerning their size by external visual inspection or with a magnifier, by knocking, with
penetrating liquids or, as an exception, by drilling.
The head to head seams will be of 2nd quality class.
The deviations of size and shape of the welded seams, as well as the unaccepted surface
flaws are indicated in the Table 7, for the quality classes indicated in the execution plans of
the Norm C 150-84.
At the outside visual examination or using penetrating liquids, are not accepted:
cracks or fissures of any kind
melting slots (side grooves) deeper than 5% of the welded parts thickness,
but at most 1 mm at parts thicker than 30 mm.
craters
initial and final craters
inadmissible aggradations or notches
welding with marked scales or ribs perpendicular to the seams.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the through bore examination are not accepted flaws like:

poor penetration at the root or between layers
slag inclusions in the veins at the seam
lack of melting on the margins or between the layers.
3.4.5 Screw joints
The common screw jointing is executed and checked according to item 4 of STAS 767/2-78,
and those with pre-stressed highly resistant screws (SIRP)- according to STAS 9330-84 and
the technical instructions 1.133-82.
The bores for screw and SIRP joints are only executed after the welding works, the casual
rehabilitations and straightening of parts.
For the assemblage jointing on the site, the bores will be drilled 1- 2mm narrower, being
brought at the final diameter after the test joints in the factory of the sub-assembly and
provisory gripping of all the parts to be jointed according to paragraph 3.4.6.
3.4.6 Quality control and checking
The control during the execution.

The permanent control is carried out: for each execution phase- by the foremen, welding
engineer, quality control office of the factory, according to their methodology. The delegates
of the assembling company and the beneficiary will make checks by picking. All the organs
that carry out a permanent control or by picking will be trained and certified in view of
performing this checking.
During the execution, checks will be also carried out by picking by commissions of
beneficiarys and designers delegates.
In order to follow up the effects of the checking during the execution, a checking register
will be created and kept in the office of the section or workshop which will execute the work.
This register will record the followings:
checking date
the person who performed it
findings
signature or the persons who performed the checking.
Later on the Contractor will record the undertaken measures and then the signature of the
technical coordinator of the factory team.
General rules concerning the assemblage and acceptance on the site
The company which executes the assemblage will draw up the assemblage documentation
which has to include:
assemblage technology
the technology of assemblage- welding of the welded joints on the site
the technology of joint SIRP execution.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All these technologies need to comply with the stipulations of the present technical
stipulations and with the standards, normative, instructions and regulations in force, and the
designer and the beneficiary have to be informed about them.
The unloading, handling and storage of the parts, elements and sub-assemblies on the site
will be carried out such that to avoid teir deterioration, overstressing or deformation, as well
as to permit their easy identification during the assemblage.
The acceptance on the site of the metallic structure elements will be accomplished
according to item 5.2. of STAS 767/0-88.
While hoisting and handling these elements during the assemblage, these will be gripped in
hooks, chains, etc or similar parts and equipment.
It is completely forbidden to weld auxiliary mounting parts (hooks, lifting eyes, etc) on the
resistance parts and subassemblies of the structure, or drilling them without the written
approval of the designer.
The correct position of the installed part, as well as the structure size will be checked during
assemblage by repeated measurements.
The welding works on the site will be conducted and permanently checked up by the shift
engineer and a number of foremen, depending with the volume of the assemblage works
simultaneously executed.
The welding engineer has to possess expertise in the execution of the welding works. The
welding foremen will be trained, checked and certified for the type of welding works used at
the metallic structure, taking into account the jointing type and welding position.
The welders who will execute the welded joints on the site need to be able to execute the
welded joints in good conditions in any welding position and for an welding type, as well as
to work high on scaffoldings.
With this aim in view and considering the importance of the works, it is recommended to
choose the welders among the best welders who have welded construction with welding in
position.
The welders have to be checked and certified for applied welding procedures, no matter if
the welding will be carried out on the site or in the factory.
3.4.7 Requirements for the acceptance of metallic works and joinery
All the metallic elements will be cleaned of rust on all the faces, the metallic surfaces being
afterward anti-corrosively treated by priming and painting
The welding seams will be realized on all the sides according to the project, will have the
requested size, will be polished and then non- destructively checked according to C
150/1999 Normative concerning the quality of steel welded elements of civil, industrial and
agricultural engineering , chapters 4 and 5, by a certified laboratory.
For every group of accepted elements, a dossier will be elaborated, with the following
documents:
quality certificates for the machined elements
the confirmation that the elements correspond to the stipulations of the execution
project and to STAS 767/0-88
specify the name of the controller from the inspection authority
measurements records

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
records of the non-destructive testing of the welding and other test prescribed in the
project
outlines with the metallic works marking
minutes of hidden works
minutes of rehabilitations, accompanied by Designers written advises.
3.5 Floors on metallic beams with channelled plate and reinforced concrete plate.
This chapter includes the technical specifications for the works of manufacturing and
assembling of floors with metallic beams made of I16 (I18) shaped profiles, on which 5
mm thick channeled plate are welded, and on top of them a concrete plate reinforced with
10 cm thick welded grate. The floorings over these mixed floors are executed either of oak
boards (for covered spaces) or of stone slabs if the spaces are to remain uncovered.
The floors with metallic beams, thick metal plates and reinforced cement coping will be
executed as follows:
Lay out the position of the mounting openings of the metallic beams
Execute the recesses for beams support, depending on beam size and the floor
openings, and then the lay the concrete bed
Install the beams and then, after caulking the support recesses, assemble the steel
plates by welding it on the metallic beams, according to the details.
Weld the shear legs connectors on the metallic plate, and install the floors
reinforcement.
The manufacturing and installation of the metallic elements will be executed according to
the technical specifications at item 5, and the concrete floor pouring-according to item 4.
6.3. Execution of the floors of oak wood or, accordingly, of stone slabs will be carried out
based on the advised architectural documentation.
6.4. In the case that the situation on the site does not correspond to that of the project, the
Designer will be called and, together with the Contractor, will establish the technical details
specific for each case.
The designer can bring modifications to the stipulations of the present technical
specifications all along the works, these becoming compulsory after the Contractor and the
Beneficiary become aware of them.
3.6 Execution of the concrete slabs on top of the brick walled vaults
3.6.1 Preparation of the adhering bed over the new brick vault
During the execution of the brick vaults, insert the wires in the joints (4 pieces, 8/m2)
Prepare the extrados of the brick vaults for the installation of the concrete slab
reinforcement, by cleaning the concrete from the joints at a depth of about 3- 5 cm
(depending on the thickness of the concrete from the joints) and remove the dust, impurities
and other foreign materials from the vaults;
Install the mesh reinforcement made by isolated bars, # 8/20 PC52 and anchor it by binding
the wires, and by means of the spacers from steel elements 20 (about 8 cm long), ensuring
a coating of about 2 cm as compared to the vault extrados.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tie with black wire all the mesh knots.

Frame all the existing opening with 2 thick reinforcements 16 PC52;
Blow with compressed air the thus prepared surface;
Splash water twice at about 30 min.- 1 h interval, depending on the weather and proceed
pouring the concrete brand C16/20.
The reinforcement must have a quality certificate specifying the ultimate strength and plastic
limit. Before concreting, the reinforcement and their interlocking will be accepted by the Site
Inspector.

Vol 3 C - Structure

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Vol 3 C - Structure

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Volume 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFCATONS

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 1

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 2

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 3

1.1 General consideration

The construction is structured as follows:

1.2 The works to be executed

1.2.1 The Eastern Side

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 4

1.2.2 The Southern Side

1.2.3 The Western Side

1.2.4 The Northern Side

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 5

1.3 The necessary sequence of work

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 6

2.1 Utilized materials

2.1.1 Concrete reinforcements

Hot rolled round smooth steel bars, for concrete reinforcement: OB 37

Material Chemical composition, necessary content, %

Normal diameter, d, mm 6-12 14-40 6-14 16-18

*) The highest value of RS18

Ultimate strength (Rc) 40 kg/mm2

Maximum tensile load (R) 50 kg/mm2

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 7

2.2 Conditions of execution

2.2.1 Cutting and bending

2.2.2 Reinforcement fixation

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 8

The values of for

C8/10,C12/15, (Bc10, Bc15) 40 50 60

Cutting and shaping of bent bars

at least up to, inclusively Plus Minus

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 9

2.3 Mortar and concrete

Standards and norms

STAS 790- 84 Water for concretes and mortars

General concepts and principles

2.4 Materials used in concrete preparation

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 10

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 11

Settling class Cement dosage (kg/m3)

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 12

Zona Limit % passing weight

2.5 Technical conditions

Nr. The classes of Groups Service conditions

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 13

2.5.1 Concrete composition

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 14

2.5.2 Concrete preparation

2.5.3 Concrete transport

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 15

- concrete type and volume

2.5.4 Control of concrete quality

2.6 Rolled steel for metallic works

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 16

2.6.1 Quality control

2.7 Polyurethane (PUR) resins

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 17

Characteristic and properties

No water contact In contact with water

3 Foaming factor 1 1 1.2 1-8 1-8 DIN 2431

Rehabilitation of Cetatea Neamtului historical monument / April 2006 18

3.1 Foundation works