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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary

Definitions poor risk assessment No Fault liability: The injured


party does not have to prove
Welfare = Looking after the procedure, lack of
that the employer was negligent.
basic needs of people. supervision, no defect
Environment = The reporting system. Criminal Law:
surroundings in which the The aim is to punish and deter
organization operates individuals and organizations
from behaving in a way that is
including land, air, water, Benefits of Good Health and
unacceptable to society.
natural resources, fauna, Safety Practice: Punishment of organizations -
flora and humans and Increased levels of compliance. usually a fine or restriction of
their inter-relationships. Improved production. activities.
Improved staff morale. Punishment for individuals -
Ill Health:
Improved company reputation. could be jail, fine, restriction of
Acute = Short-term exposure Reduced accidents. offices held or all of the above.
with immediate effect, usually Reduced ill health.
reversible. Reduced damage to equipment. Direct costs of Accidents
Chronic = Long-term or Reduced staff complaints.
Lost time of injured worker and
repeated exposure with delayed Reduced staff turnover.
any continued payments to
effect, often irreversible. Reduced insurance premiums.
worker or family.
Accident = An unwanted, Reduced fines and compensation
Damage to equipment, tools,
payouts
unforeseen, unplanned property, plant or materials.
event which results in Medical or hospitalization costs.
Reasons for Good Health Time and materials to clean up
loss.
and Safety Practice: after the accident.
Incident/Near miss = An Moral
unwanted, unforeseen, Legal Indirect costs of
unplanned event with the Financial Accidents (hidden costs)
potential to result in loss. Lost time by other workers
Employers responsibilities: (curiosity, sympathy, morale)
Hazard = Something with
The employer must provide: Lost time assisting,
the potential to cause Safe environment. investigating, arranging for
harm. Safe buildings. new staff, preparing reports.
Physical Safe plant and equipment. Failure to fill customers orders
Chemical Safe systems of work. on time.
Biological Competent staff.
Ergonomic Adequate supervision. Hidden Costs of
Psychological Adequate instructions.
Accidents:
Risk = The likelihood that
Accident investigation.
harm will occur and the Workers responsibilities:
Payments to injured person.
severity of the harm. To protect themselves and
Payments for non-productive
those around them.
Safety Culture = The time.
Co-operate with their employer.
Replacement labour.
product of individual and Report any situation that
Training for replacement labour.
group values, attitudes, presents a significant danger.
Business interruption.
competencies and To receive adequate
Loss of reputation.
information, instruction and
patterns of behavior that training.
Repair or replacement of
damaged plant.
determine the The worker (or representative)
Legal fees.
commitment to and should be consulted by their
Insurance.
proficiency of an employer on all aspects of
health and safety.
organisations Health and Uninsured costs (8-36 times
Safety. greater than insured costs)
Legal System
Immediate or direct cause
Civil Law:
of an accident = The The aim is to compensate an Sources of Information
unsafe act or condition injured party for loss suffered. Internal Sources:
that caused the accident. There are 2 types of civil liability: Risk assessments.
a) Fault liability Inspection reports.
b) No fault liability Accident/incident records.
The root or underlying
Fault liability: Injured party Medical reports.
cause of an accident = must prove that: Safety representatives.
The failure of There was a duty of care Safety committee reports.
management systems owed. Company safety policy.
Duty of care owed was Maintenance reports.
and procedures that
breached.
allowed an unsafe act or The breach caused the External Sources:
condition to occur e.g. loss/injury/ill health/death.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Government organizations
Enforcing Authorities
Professional institutions IOSH
World Health Organisation ILO
Suppliers and manufacturers.
Consultants and specialists.
Insurance companies and
workers unions.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Elements of HSG65 Health 2 Organization (WHO) - To The safety policy should be
identify H&S roles &
and Safety Management responsibilities and reporting
reviewed:
Systems: After:
lines within the company. This
Prosecutions
POP MR A involves Competence Control
Enforcement Action
Policy: Co-operation and
Compensation Claims
Sets out Health and Safety aims Communication
Review period expires
and objectives of the 3 Arrangements (WHAT) - Set
Professional Advise
organisation and Management out in detail the systems and
Accidents or Incidents.
commitment. procedures for implementing
Changes in:
Safety policy should be signed by the safety policy - for example
Organisation.
the most senior person in the safe systems of work.
Processes.
organisation because: Materials.
It shows management Issues included in Premises.
commitment. Organization: Legislation.
It gives the policy authority. Work patterns.
Clear roles and responsibilities
The person who signed it has Risk assessments.
for all health and safety
ultimate responsibility.
responsibilities allocated. Targets
Competence. From recruitment Important because:
Organisation: 5Cs through to staff transfers and They give evidence of
Clear roles and responsibilities. training. - KATE management commitment.
Competence. KATE Control. Policies, procedures, They motivate staff by giving
Control. (policies, procedures) auditing, supervision and them something to aim for.
Co-operation obtained through management involvement.
consultation. Allocating responsibilities
Communication. (Should flow in accountabilities, instruction,
Ineffective Health and Safety
all directions) supervision to achieve control of Policies
H&S. No commitment or leadership.
Planning and Cooperation. is assisted by No annual objectives.
consultation and demonstrates Health and safety not given
Implementation:
management commitment - enough priority.
Generate SMART objectives.
internally between individuals, Insufficient resources provided.
Identify hazards, assess risks and
groups, departments, including Personnel do not understand the
decide how risks can be
consultation with H&S reps and aims.
eliminated or controlled.
externally between clients Too much emphasis on employee
Set standards against which
suppliers and contractors. responsibility.
performance can be measured.
Communication. Needs to flow No measurement of
in all directions. Verbal, written, performance.
Measuring Performance Management unaware of their
visible, example
Used as a means of determining role.
the extent to which health and No training of management in
safety policy and objectives are
Issues included in
their responsibilities.
being implemented. It should Arrangements:
be both: Sets out in detail how the
Proactive. Safety performance requirements of the policy will be Employers responsibilities
measurements made before an met This will include procedures and towards Employees:
accident happens arrangements for planning, Provide safe plant and
Reactive. Safety performance organisation, control, monitoring and equipment.
measurements made on review. The procedures might Information, instruction, training
information resulting from include: and supervision (ITIS).
accidents and ill-health. Risk assessments. Safe place of work, access and
COSHH assessments Control of egress.
Reviewing Performance substances hazardous to health. Safe environment and welfare
Analysing data gathered through Safe systems of work. facilities.
monitoring to see whether Permits to work. Provide a Safety policy.
performance is adequate. Eectrical work, hotwork, Consult and inform employees.
confined spaces. Perform risk assessments.
Manual handling. Provide effective health and
Audit
Policies and procedures Fire, First safety management.
Systematic critical examination
aid Competent health and safety
of each stage of an
Training programmes. assistance.
organisations management
Maintenance of plant and Health surveillance.
systems and procedures.
equipment.
Housekeeping. Precautions for visitor safety
Components of Safety policy: Storage, transportation, handling. Signing in.
1 Statement of Intent (WHAT) Radiation, dust, noise, fumes. Providing identification badges.
- Demonstrates Managements PPE personal protective Providing personal protective
commitment to health and equipment. equipment.
safety and sets the H&S aims
and objectives

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Site induction e.g. fire
precautions.
Escorting visitor to area of work.
Remain with visitor back to
reception area.
Signing out visitor and removing
badge.

Duties of Employees:
Protect themselves and others
from danger.
Co-operation with employer.
Not to interfere with anything
provided for safety.
Follow instructions and training
given.
Inform employer of dangers and
problems with health and
safety arrangements.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Requirements of Safety Carry out workplace inspections.

practitioner: Selection of a suitable Examine causes of accidents.


Consult with enforcement
Knowledge and understanding of contractor
authorities.
the work involved. Experience with type of work.
Attend safety committee
Understanding of principles of Reputation.
meetings.
risk assessment. Suitable reference or
Knowledge of current health and recommendation.
safety applications. Previous work record. Importance of consulting
Adequacy of safety policy. Workers committees and
Capacity to apply to tasks
Enforcement history. representatives should:
required.
Accident and ill-health data. Be given adequate information
Ability to identify problems.
Membership of trade on health and safety matters.
Ability to assess the need for
organisations. Be consulted when major health
action.
Suitable training for employees. and safety changes are
Ability to design and develop
Arrangements for sub envisaged.
strategies.
contractors. Given protection from dismissal
Evaluate the effectiveness of
Suitable risk assessments etc. when carrying out duties as a
strategies.
representative.
Promote and communicate
Ability to contribute to decision
health and safety. Managing of contractors on
making process.
Understand current best site Be able to communicate with
practice. Appointment of coordinator. workers during working hours.
Awareness of own limitations. Pre-contract meeting. Be free to contact labour
Willingness to learn. Progress meetings. inspectors.
Membership of a professional Regular inspections. Be able to contribute to
body IIRSM IOSH. Safety committee. negotiations in the undertaking
Competence based qualification. Method statements. of health and safety matters.
Accident and incident reporting. Have reasonable paid time to
Functions of the safety Client set example. exercise their health and safety
practitioner Safety propaganda. functions.
Advise management. Plant documentation. Have recourse to specialists for
Carry out inspections. Training competency. advise on particular health and
Investigate accidents. safety problems.
Record and analyze accident Reducing the risks to
data. Contractors before and Matters on which employees
Assist with training.
during the building project are to be consulted
Contact external bodies.
Before: Introduction of measures that
Liaison with the work force.
Careful selection of suitable affect their health and safety.
Keep up to date with new safety
contractors. New processes and technology.
standards.
Identification of hazards New organisation of work
Liaison with contractors.
associated with the job. patterns.
Checking the health and New personal protective
External parties the Safety safety aspects of the bids. equipment.
practitioner will Establishing site rules. Planning and organisation of any
communicate with. Suitable risk assessments. training required.
The enforcing authority. EHS Suitable training for
Fire and rescue service. employees. Safety committee
Insurance company. Method statements.
Object is to promote co-
Contractors. Appointment of co-
operation between employees
Consultants and engineers. coordinator.
and employer on health and
Manufacturers and suppliers. Pre-contract meeting.
safety matters.
Clients and customers. During:
No set structure. Formation of a
Police. Progress meetings.
safety committee is between
Specialist health practitioners. Regular inspections.
the employer and workers
Public. Safety committee.
union/volunteers.
Media. Accident/incident reporting.
Equal representation from
Clients sets an example.
management and safety
Safety propaganda.
Management strategy for representatives.
Monitor training program.
contractors
Identification of suitable bidders. Safety committee effective
Functions of the Safety
Checking health and safety meetings
aspects of bids. Representative Agenda may include relevant items
Contractors agree to clients Investigate potential hazards and such as:
rules. dangerous occurrences. Study of statistics.
Managing the contractors on site. Investigate complaints from Examination of audit reports.
Identification of hazards related employees. Analysis of inspectors report.
to job. Make representations on general Consideration of safety
Checking contractor work. matters of health and safety to representatives reports.
employer.
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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Development and monitoring of Staff turnover. Repetitive work leading to
work safety rules and safe Complaints. boredom.
systems of work. Compliance with legislation and Peer group pressure.
Appraisal of effectiveness of internal policies. Willful disregard of laid down
safety training. Morale. procedures.
Monitor adequacy of health and Fatigue and stress.
safety communication. Benefits of a positive safety Lack of information.
Establish a link with the Job insecurity.
culture:
appropriate inspectors.
Increased levels of compliance.
Improved production. Types of communication.
Factors that influence the Improved staff morale. Written Communication:
effectiveness of safety Improved company reputation. Letters, memos, reports, notices,
committee Reduced accidents. procedures etc.
Reduced ill health. Advantages Disadvantages
Balanced representation.
Reduced damage to equipment. Permanent record. May be
Influence in decision making. unread.
Respect of management. Reduced staff complaints.
Reference. One way.
Commitment from members. Reduced staff turnover. Consistent message. Often no
Good leadership and Reduced insurance premiums. feedback.
chairmanship. Accurate detail. Time consuming.
Factors that can cause a Wide audience. Cost.
Good communication channels.
Authoritative. Misinterpretation.
Access to information or health and safety culture to
specialist advice.
decline: Barriers to written
Formalised procedures with
Lack of communication. communication.
agendas.
Perception of a growing blame Illiteracy.
Relevant (not trivial) agenda
culture. Competence.
items.
Lack of leadership and Level of written material.
Agenda not led by industrial
management commitment. Presentation.
relations.
Lack of monitoring. Quality of information.
Safety Culture = The product Failure to implement remedial Quantity.
of individual and group action. Attitude.
values, attitudes, Lack of consultation and
employee involvement. Verbal Communication:
competencies and patterns Poor working environment. Instructions, interviews,
of behavior that determine External influences unions. meetings, lectures.
the commitment to, and Health and safety seen as a low Advantages Disadvantages
proficiency of an priority. Direct. No record.
Lack of supervision. Two way. No reference.
organisations health and Quick. Unstructured.
Reorganization and uncertainty.
safety performance. Instant feedback. Inconsistent
message.
Promoting a positive health Easy to do. Too much for
Internal influences on health and safety culture: memory.
Flexible. Limited audience.
and safety management Senior management
standards: commitment.
Barriers to verbal
Production demands Too many Ownership of health and safety
at all levels. communication.
resources directed to
Effective consultation. Hearing or speech defects.
production and not enough to
Effective communication. Noise.
health and safety.
Training for all levels of Distance.
Management commitment.
employees. Language jargon.
Communication.
Shared perception of risks. Lack of knowledge.
Competence.
Standards of acceptable Attitude.
Employee representation.
behavior. Duration speed.
Learning from experience
External influences on health
through monitoring and review. Health and safety notice
and safety Balance between health and boards.
Economic. safety and production. Information should include:
Social expectations society
Information for employees
expects certain safe behavior.
Legislation.
Why employees fail to regulation poster.
comply with safety Health and safety policy.
Enforcement.
Evacuation procedures.
Insurance companies. procedures even when
First aid arrangements.
Trade unions. competent: Contact details for safety
Lack of motivation. representatives.
Indicators of a companys Unrealistic working procedures. Targets for accident reduction.
health and safety culture: Lack of management
Accident rates. commitment.
Absenteeism. Over familiarisation with the
Sickness. task.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Maximize effectiveness of Communicating to employees
health and safety notice Additional health and safety and getting their commitment.

board: training
Increase in accidents or Employer should keep
Locate in a prominent area.
Dedicated to health and safety incidents. training records because:
only. Result of an accident Proof of employees competence.
Information displayed is relevant investigation. Identify when refresher training
and current. Dangerous occurrences. is needed.
Information in a neat orderly New processes or technology. Review effectiveness of training.
state. Job change. Assess progress against targets.
Make boards eye-catching Changes in working procedures. Provide evidence in
through colour and graphics. Changes in work patterns night investigations.
shift. Provide evidence in legal actions.
Promotion or reorganization.
Training should be given at New legislation. Competent persons
the following stages: Enforcement action.
A person shall be considered
On joining the organisation Results of inspections/audits.
competent when he has
(Induction training) Results of risk assessments.
sufficient knowledge, ability,
Before starting work (Job Insurance company
training and experience to
specific) requirements.
enable him to carry out the
At regular intervals (Refresher
tasks required of him and
training) Young persons training. knowledge of his own
Whenever work practice changes Young workers at risk because: limitations.
e.g. new material, new
Overenthusiastic. Factors to be considered:
technology, revision of systems No experience comparisons. Evidence of qualifications.
of work.
More likely to take risks. Level of training.
Before moving to a new job. Open to influence and peer Membership of professional
group pressure. organisation.
Induction Training is Body not fully developed. Undertaking of written or
important because: practical assessments.
Establishes a safety culture. Precautions for young References or
Shows management workers should include: recommendations.
commitment. Provisions of suitable work
Identifies responsibilities. What is a risk assessment
equipment.
Identifies hazards and Organisation of work processes. A risk assessment is a careful
precautions.
Health and safety training. examination of what hazards
Employee made aware of Mentoring. are in the work place and what
hazards.
Supervision. precautions should be put in
Imparts knowledge. Limited working hours. place to prevent harm.
Employees recognize and report
hazards.
Sets the scene for future
Benefits of training. Steps in the risk assessment
Employee Employer process
performance.
Less suffering. Less accidents.
1. Identify the hazards.
Quality of life. Less absenteeism.
Induction training Job satisfaction. Less claims and Workplace inspections.
premiums. Talking to the workforce.
programme Achieve standard. Less legal issues. Non-inspection techniques.
Management commitment to Flexibility of staff. Improve morale. Break down the job into tasks
safety. Improve safety attitude. Greater and evaluate each task to
Company safety policy. productivity.
identify hazards.
Consultative procedures. Improve efficiency.
Examination of documents.
Role of safety representatives.
Manufacturers data, material
Emergency procedures. Consideration for training safety data, legislation, codes
First aid arrangements. session of practice.
Welfare and amenity provisions. What employees need to know Combined techniques.
Specific hazards. and what they do already know Analysing the results of
Health surveillance procedures. gap analysis. safety audits.
How to report accidents. Types of training already Accident and ill-health data.
PPE. received. Monitoring accident statistics
Drugs and alcohol policy. Employees responsibilities. and investigation and ill-
Activities carried out. health complaints to identify
Job specific training Risks associated with activities. the causes and then
programme Actions required by employees. determining the hazards from
Safe system of work, permit to Different requirements for the results.
work. various staff. Near miss reports.
Equipment training. Numbers involved.
PPE training. Resources needed. 2. Decide who may be
Fire training. Competence of trainers. harmed and how.
Safety inspections. What are the hazards.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
How likely are they to occur.
Consequences.
Number of employees exposed.
Methods of identifying
Frequency and duration of the hazards
exposure. Sources and forms of harm can
Effects of the exposure. be identified via:
Competence. Workplace inspection.
Existing controls. (Proactive)
Example: - risk to pregnant Job task analysis. (Proactive)
women. Manufacturers information.
Exposure to chemicals. (Proactive)
Lead. Risk assessment. (Proactive)
Biological exposure. Accident incident data.
Ionizing radiation. (Reactive)
Extremes of temperature.
Ergonomic issues like
prolonged standing.
Stress.
PPE

3. Evaluate the risks and


decide whether the
existing precautions are
adequate.
Use a likelihood x severity
matrix 5 x 5.
Likelihood:
1. Very unlikely.
2. Unlikely.
3. Likely.
4. Very likely.
5. Certain imminent.

Severity:
1. Minor injury no time
off.
2. Minor injury 3 days off
work.
3. Injury, non-disabling
illness, over 3 days off
work.
4. Major disabling injury.
5. Fatality.
1 7 = low risk.
8-15 = medium risk.
16 25 = high risk.

4. Record the significant


findings.
Significant hazards should be
recorded. Information such as
the number of people
affected, the adequacy of
existing control measures and
any further precautions that
may be necessary.
5. Review the assessment
and revise it if necessary.
Reviews should be done:
Changes in process.
Changes in materials.
Changes in premises.
Changes in legislation.
Changes in work patterns.
After an incident or accident.
After prosecution.
After enforcement action.
After compensation claims.
After a policy review.
After professional advice.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Lack of knowledge, ability, there a safer alternative? e.g.
training and experience reduce the risk of injury by
Identifying hazards for
(KATE). using low voltage tools.
different states of operation Body not fully developed. Isolate Can the hazard be
Complex activities should be More likely to take risks. enclosed or contained. e.g.
broken down into component More likely to respond to peer Guard on a dangerous part of a
parts. pressure. machine.
Installation. Overenthusiastic. Control Limiting the time or
Normal operation. Control measures for young frequency of the exposure.
Cleaning. persons: PPE Can something be
Adjusting. Induction training. provided to reduce the injury in
Breakdown maintenance. Close supervision. case of accident. E.g. Issuing
Dismantling. Mentoring. safety helmets or boots.
Clear lines of communication. Discipline Ensuring that the
Types of hazards to look for. Restrictions on type of work. procedures and rules are being
Mechanical hazards. Restriction of working hours. followed and taking action if
Electrical hazards. not.
Thermal hazards. Lone working
Noise and vibration hazards. Employer has a duty of care to Safe system of work = A
Radiation hazards. persons working alone without
Toxic materials.
system of doing the work in
close or direct supervision:
Ergonomic design hazards. Single persons working on
the safest way practicable by
the premises. performing a task analysis to
Competence of risk Persons working separately identify the hazards likely to
assessors. from the others. be present and creating
A combination of knowledge, Persons working outside
procedures including the
ability, training and experience normal working hours.
Mobile workers working away precautions necessary to
(KATE)and personal qualities.
Knowledge of own limitations. from their normal base. avoid or minimize the health
A thorough understanding of the and safety risks.
processes and procedures Lone working risk
involved. assessment When is a safe system
Good communication skills. Should take into account the needed
following: A safe system of work is needed
Suitable and sufficient Does the workplace present any when the hazards cannot be
assessment special risks. physically eliminated.
The risk assessment will be Is there safe access and egress. Cleaning and maintenance
suitable and sufficient if: Does the task present any operations.
The detail in the risk assessment special risks. Changes to work layouts,
is proportionate to the level of Is there a risk of violence. materials etc.
risk. Are women especially at risk. Employees working away
All aspects of the work activity Are young workers especially at from base/alone.
must be reviewed taking into risk. Breakdown emergencies.
account the way the work is Does the worker have any Contractors on your
organized: special medical conditions. premises.
All of the significant hazards and Is the lone working likely to Loading, unloading and
risks must be identified. impose any additional physical movement of vehicles.
The risks have been evaluated. or mental burdens on the
worker.
Employees and others at risk 5 Steps of the safe system of
must be identified.
Lone worker controls work
Suitable control measures must
1. Assess the task.
be identified. Training.
Materials.
The control measures must be Supervision.
Equipment.
appropriate to the nature of the Monitoring.
Environment.
work. Periodic visits.
People involved.
The residual risk must be low. Regular contact using telephone
Purpose of the task.
Priorities have been set. or radios.
Work methods.
Takes account of non-routine Automatic or manual warning
Legal requirements.
operations. devices.
Standards.
Staff undertaking the risk
Existing controls.
assessment are competent. Hierarchy of control 2. Identify the hazards.
Risk assessment is valid for a
measures Working at height.
reasonable amount of time.
ERICPD Working below ground.
Eliminate can the hazard be Machinery.
removed completely. E.g. Electricity.
Remove the trailing cable. Vehicles.
Young persons Reduce Can the risk be Chemical hazards.
Young persons at greater risk reduced at the source or is Environment.
because: 3. Define safe method.
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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
4. Implement the safe Reasons why employees may Workplace emergencies
system.
5. Monitor the safe system. not to wear PPE and Arrangements to be considered
when developing an
Reasons PPE should be a last
Emergency Response Plan:
Designing a safe system by resort. Type of emergency fire,
Poor selection or fit.
considering MEEP hazardous chemical
Lack of comfort. spillage, bomb, flood,
Materials. Raw, unfinished,
Incompatibility with other PPE. earthquake, tsunami.
disposal
Fails to danger. Emergency services contact
Equipment and machinery.
Contamination. and response times.
Design specification,
Misuse or non-use. Appoint persons to deal with
ergonomics.
Relies on action being taken by emergency.
Environment. light heat noise,
the user. Communication systems.
space
May create additional hazards. First aid and medical
People. Behavior, knowledge,
Difficulty in obtaining equipment. facilities.
skills.
Relies on management Evacuation procedures.
commitment. Effects on surrounding
3 forms of workplace controls
community.
1. Technical.
Post emergency action e.g.
Equipment design e.g.
media, repair, investigation.
guarding.
Selection of PPE Emergency procedure should be
Access egress wide aisles.
Identify the hazard. practiced so that weaknesses
Materials choice of
Choose type of equipment. in the system are highlighted
packaging to make
Compliance with standards. and corrected.
handling easier.
Comfort.
Environment Local
Compatibility.
exhaust ventilation.
Costs.
2. Procedural.
Replacement. Reasons for monitoring
Policy and standards.
Training needs.
Procedures and rules. Identify sub-standard health and
Hygiene problems.
Permit to work. safety practices.
Supervision.
Purchasing control buy Identify trends and patterns.
Storage.
good quality. Compare actual performance
Emergency preparedness. against targets.
3. Behavioral. Training in the use of PPE Useful in benchmarking.
Supervision. Legal and organizational Identify use and effectiveness of
Health surveillance. requirements. control measures.
Competence. KATE Consequences of not wearing it. Make decisions on suitable
Motivation. Protection offered. remedial measures.
Communication. Limitations of the PPE. Set priorities and establish
Perception. Compatibility with other types of realistic timescales.
PPE. Assess compliance with legal
Correct usage. requirements.
Permit to work = A permit to
How to keep it clean. Provide information to board,
work is a formal written Correct storage arrangements. committees etc.
system used to control When and how to replace.
certain types of potentially Types of monitoring
hazardous work. Main purposes of First aid Reactive monitoring.
Work requiring permits: Preserve life. Examining accident figures.
Confined spaces. Prevent deterioration. Claims records.
Hot work and cold work. Promote recovery. Other reactive monitoring
Electrical. methods such as number of
defects reported following
Assessment of first aid needs
Design of permit to work safety inspection,
checklist enforcement action against
system Size of the organisation. company, prosecutions, legal
1. Job location/plant Nature and distribution of the mandates or court orders.
identification. workforce.
2. Description of work. Nature of the work.
3. Time limits. Proactive monitoring.
Types of hazards and risks. Safety audit A systematic,
4. Description of hazards.
5. Tests and checks prior to Past accident injury types. critical assessment of each
work commencing. Remoteness of emergency aspect of the health and
6. Further precautions. services. safety management system
7. Authorization. Travelling, remote and lone and procedures.
8. Acceptance. workers. Lengthy process carried out
9. Time extensions/Shift Need to train personnel in special by a trained auditor, either
change procedures. procedures.
10. Hand back. internal or external.
Need to cover absence of first The aim is to identify the
11. Cancellation.
aiders. strengths and weaknesses
All signatures must be legible.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
of the health and safety Safety inspection checklist
management system Housekeeping. External audits
A structured way of assessing Electrical safety. Disadvantages:
the health and safety Provision and use of PPE. Require more time to arrange.
performance that makes Use and storage of hazardous Higher cost to the organisation.
use of a scoring system so substances. Employees may feel threatened.
that improvements can be Manual handling. Advantages:
measured. Traffic routes. Auditor will be completely
Safety inspections The Machinery. independent and unbiased.
straight forward Internal transport. The auditor will ask questions
observation of a workplace, Emergency equipment. and will not make assumptions.
activities and equipment. Welfare facilities. More weight may be given to
Usually carried out by the Systems of work. their conclusions.
manager, employee Working environment.
representative and safety
advisor.
Initial actions to be taken
Strengths of using a checklist following a major injury
Often aided by the use of a
checklist. to complete Health and accident at work
The aim is to identify hazards safety inspections Make sure the area is safe to
and assess the use and Enables prior preparation and enter before entering as there
effectiveness of the control planning. could be hazards surrounding
measures. More structured and systematic. the accident scene.
May be carried out routinely Prevents issues from being Call the first aiders to attend to
Safety surveys focusing on overlooked. the injured person.
particular activities and may Ensure a consistent approach. Call for an ambulance if needed.
be carried out by a specialist. Immediate record available. Secure the area by barricading to
Safety tours unscheduled, Easy method for comparison and prevent unwanted people from
less formal workplace audit. entering.
inspections are carried out to Preserve the evidence.
check on issues such as Weakness of using a Identify witnesses.
housekeeping or the use of Collect evidence like taking
checklist to complete Health
PPE. photographs or take sketches
Safety sampling Targeting and safety inspections
of the accident scene.
specific areas. Inflexible approach.
Notify the authorities as per legal
Benchmarking Where an Not reviewed or updated to
requirements.
organisations performance in account for changes.
certain areas is compared Inspections become routine and
no follow-up questions asked.
Aims of accident
with those of similar
No scope for secondary issues to investigation
organisation.
be considered. Determine the cause of an
Health surveillance -
Incompetent person conducting accident.
Providing periodic health
the inspection. Identify weaknesses in the
checks before symptoms
Inspection procedure leading to management system.
appear
human error or abuse. Identify weaknesses in the risk
Performance review Did
assessment.
the organisation:
Demonstrate management
Achieve its health and Pre-audit preparation
commitment.
safety objectives. procedure Comply with legal requirements.
Implement effective control Setting audit objectives. Collect data to establish trends
measures. Selecting the audit team. which can be used to prevent
Ensure the effectiveness of Contact with the organisation future business losses.
training, communication being audited. Provide information for
and consulting Undertaking the audit. Civil/Criminal actions.
programmes. Draw conclusions. Provide information to insurance
Learn from management Report and presentation. company.
system failures. Action by the organisation.
Meet legal standards.
Reduce the risk of accidents Immediate and longer term
Internal audits
and ill-health. action after an accident
Advantages:
First aid for injured party.
Easier to arrange.
Limitations of safety Lower cost to the organisation.
Calling for medical assistance if
inspection necessary.
Employees may not feel so
Isolation of the accident scene.
It is only a snapshot in time. threatened.
Report to relevant enforcing
Some hazards may not be Disadvantages:
authority if necessary.
visible. Could be influenced by internal
Identify witnesses.
Some hazards may not be relationships.
Set up investigating team.
present at the time of the Conclusions may not be taken
Full investigation to determine
inspection. seriously.
root cause. Make
Unsafe practices may not occur The auditor may make
recommendations.
during the inspection. assumptions.
Implement corrective action.

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NEBOSH International General Certificate Module 1 Summary
Documents: Highest priority risk control
Preparation before Risk assessments. measures implemented
Safe systems of work. first.
investigation
Incident/accident history. Prioritize the order of
Who should be involved and the
Training records. control measures to be
depth of the investigation.
Maintenance records. implemented.
Accident scene preserved.
Equipment instructions. A senior manager
Gather relevant existing
Monitoring records dust, nominated to be in charge
documents.
noise. of the implementation.
Identifying the witnesses.
Supervision quotas.
Have legal requirements been
Inspection reports.
met. Reasons for reporting
Pre-start equipment
Any equipment needed. Method
checks. accidents
to be adopted. Implement initial controls.
Style of report and recipients. Monitoring health and safety
2. Analyse the information
What happened and why. performance.
Investigation team Analysis should determine: Starting point for investigation.
Line manager has knowledge Immediate/direct causes. To comply with legal
of the processes involved. Root/underlying causes. requirements.
Supervisor has knowledge of To prevent reoccurrences and
the process. 3. Identify the risk control further injuries/losses.
Safety representative has measures possible To provide information for any
legal right. solutions to be identified. subsequent claim.
Safety practitioner to advise The analysis may have Review of risk assessments.
on health and safety identified that no control
implications. measures in place. Accident data can:
Engineer to advise on Control measures in place Show trends and patterns.
technical matters. but not used. Identify weaknesses in
Senior manager from a Combinations of both. procedures and policies.
different department to be Measures should be Prioritize safety measures.
unbiased. evaluated for: Identify areas that require
The effectiveness of the improvement.
Undertaking accident control measures. Set targets for reduction.
investigation Are the control measures
1. Gather the information practical. Employees can be
Where, When, Who, What, Will the control measures
discouraged from reporting
Why. be used.
Will the control measures
accidents because:
MEEP Materials,
remain effective. Ignorance of procedures.
Equipment, Environment,
Peer pressure.
People.
4. Take action should have Retribution by management.
Nature of work.
SMART objectives. Preservation of the departments
Specialist examinations.
Involves senior safety record.
Medical reports.
management. Over-complicated response to
Interviews and witness
reports.
statements.

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