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    Eleftheria Zoaki
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    Thermal Visual Comfort in Schools

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    Thermal Visual Comfort in Schools

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14 просмотров40 страниц

    Thermal Visual Comfort in Schools S

    Загружено:

    Eleftheria Zoaki
    Thermal Visual Comfort in Schools

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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    vganainKanegom 7 * Tera duran ua sqyEvégrse VT) ff @) B ‘European Commission eS Directorate General for Energy DG XVI) “SS Otnylec yo Ogpyuxn - Omuxn Aveon Kal E€ouxovoynon Evépyeiac oe Anyooia Lxoheta Guidelines for Thermal -Visual Comfort and Energy Conservation in Public Schools iuae 2YNTASH E6y Téavaxaxn, Kooag Asvpag EIUMEABIA Ey Teavaxdesn, H ExSoon avy} napovaricer ouvontiKd ta amovehéopara ng pedéins “Teyraf rar orsovopu pekény yua vyv anoxcndoseoy ayolanedy nupiar pe ipa eKornondgcyas evépyetac ye inp Pledrkaar vow ound pry Orpysrcic nan oncanife veo” H pedéty extomjpnke ova matota tov épyou SAVE pe aptOp6 ovpPodatoo 4.103 1/98-76 pe way ovyypyparoséroy Uys 17g TA. Bvépyetas ays Entxpomg tag EAE. kat ins P, Tpappareias Evépyetas vow Ynoupyetov Avcrcokys, Zu peléry ovvepydouxav: © 01 Apyteéxxoves EXsvn AvBpeatitiy - Xpovéiun, Piéwng Kadluyépns, Mapyaphia Kovoraraidov, Tspyos Apajnendtis Kat Tuspyos Tanadsnovkos yus ty Stapsppvan tov apyriertovixsy AoEOV, # Os ovvepydaes tov KATIE En Teavaxden, Apyttéxtovas MSc) xen Tpnyéps Otxovonting (Ap MoAteixdg Mnxavexds) yiee uy evepyetana} aéihoon tov apyvieKtovixey AGoeoy. * 0 cuvepyduys tov KATTE Koras Abrpag (Mpyavonoyos Mnxavinés MSe) yter ty Stapéppocy tev ASocwv yer x46 Aexrpopnyavoloyinés eyxartaordoets, yea Uy oMKovopNE aveéhvan Ghov TOY npotenépevay eneppeorov Ket yi Tov KaBOpLonGS evds mpoypauHatos Evepyetaakifs Stayelpunys Kat GvvuipHONs tov eykataardoee. © H ovvepyduba tov KALE Mapia Katoavosiy (bvaixds DEA) ytectis perprfoets tov rapapérpoy Beppuxsig Gveons o¢ Betypa oyohiKay KuIpto, © 1 Kad, EAévn AvBpeadany - Xpovdxn yo ey pedéey vow puorxoss portopos YnesOvvn tov épyov sftav 1 ka Esa ABaveodxou, Yres8vvy tov Topiéa MoGrrundy HAuncay ke ¥Bprbtxciy Zoompeov tov KATIE, H avanapayayt] tov neptexopévon ts naposong éxdoone ondKercen omy éyKpioy 1g Eoponaixalg Euesponis Ovee 1) Evpomrainy Entpomi, ovte G\ko npSowno nov evepyet yo Aoyapraaps ine: 4a} pmopet va npoBatver oe onoradyjnore BifAoon 1} nepovoteon pyri oronnpr, os Mpos Ug UANpopOpies HOV avexpEpovied GUY HAPOKOR KBOOH B) carob yer01 evdves wg upos veg SEES lov XSy Bar poKGyow ‘aus tay Xprfon toY ev Adyo WAnpopoprsn. H pasta rov eEopoAlov 1 mextpovuer, GeASonothon, KoL N exuHeON éywe and my KAMITYAH, OL andipers nov exppatovten ovyy naposoa sxBoan Bev anmnXOWV KAU avdiyra Ug axndiperg yg Exmxpomig, ‘ Tlepiexopevo. EIXATOTH eeeeeee seeeee KATATPA®H / ASIOAOTHEH ‘THE Y®IZTAMENHE KATAZTAZHE © Kamnyoptes ayohtxv xuipiov @ KAparixés Yaves tng xOpag.... © Katavéihoon evépyetas ova oyoheta © Evtomopdg npoBinpdwwy oxeuKoy wom éveon Katt Uy KataVeA@OT] EVEPYELOG 6... eee TIPOTEINOMENES EITEMBASEIS. © E1SiKof ov6yor tov enepfidoeoy Kar nporeparéuytes, © A. Xepobérnon - mpooavatohopss . © B. EnepBioers Beltioang tow ovvOnKcy porropot °F. Eueypigoes efonovsunons evépyetas yu tr BE PpaVe THY YOpOW . © 4, Eneytats ya Behofaon ans “Uc TIEPUSBOVs Spoorapi08 TIINAKEXY EYPKPITIKHE ATTOAOSHE, EITEMBAEQN ah 5 ENEPPEIAKH AIAXEIPISH ZTAELXOAEIA.......... XPHEIMH BIBAIOFPADIA Contents INTRODUCTION ...... CURRENT SITUATION © Classification of school buildings Climatic zones of Greece Energy consumption in schools Problems identified with respect to comfort and energy consumption PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS © A. Building layout and orientation © B. Improvement of lighting conditions © G. Energy conservation techniques for space heating ..... D. Increase of thermal comfort during the cooling periods . ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS ..... 32 .- 36 38 a Evel Eucd Topdoio-Askewo ove Tptkacke Eu3 Topvdoro-Asxeto oxy @eoacovty Zu EMNaba ondpyouy néveo cané 15.000 Snpdore oyoluwé xxipee, Avcé oveyd- Zoov oxoleia Show tov PaOpiBoov je neo a6 1.600.000 perp oe Sy tH Yop. Ta nepiostepa oyoleia hetroupyosy oe pe pow} PapSia, ous peyces Spars ndhets, ta Kuiptc Bev enapKosy, pe cmtorleopr vee Aettoupyot oF Bo Papbues, npof-andyeopa. Lppave pe a ovorxefa vov Yuroupyevoo Mavdetac, yer kava ‘ypoupet 1 aveiyxn yler névn ani6 23,000 véec atBovoes, nov eevtiztoryoy oF Ufm}on, 35% névo ané-ug unipyovoes 65.000 nepinov atOovoes biSaoKaha, H xatovéthoon evépyeras nov avwororyet oro ovvolo wy ayoliKéiy Kuiptoy efver ‘Uys tS vov 270.000 MWh etnatag. Avt6 to road 19g KevaveehwoK6pEVNS evépyetag dev KachGmrer ig npayparunés eevdyxes wav oyohetev, xadkix oe noLhé Nepuridoers bev enuxparoty ovvOiixes Gveons péoa og ciBovaes BidaoKA\iag kat ot pobtés KpLGvouy 10 KeIpWsva, Zeotarvovten ans uy GvorkNy Gg K-10 BL Yonopo, Ka vpiotavear Bvopevets owGrfKes onIOpON deg tig enoyé, Sta lai tov upoypaypatos SAVE ty¢ 17g Pevinafg AtevOuvong yg Enutpo- fg tps Eopontixrig “Evwons, 10 onofo otoyeser otov neptoptops wv exniojsndsy 00: oxy eqpdorpanper péow uy¢ feltioons uns evepyetoRtig cméSoon¢, 0 Topic Hadnuxsy Hhaxéy xox YBpSixv Svomperow tov KATIE exnéunoe pelea pe “Ethos “Tey nav orovopny pekéry ye vy enoncrdonaan oyedensy spt we pega efor osjeyons exipyeac ya wy feaiaoy ran adn Capp ren onan des”, Kex ap us ‘ovpBolatou 4.1031/93-76, n ono{a Fexivoe to 1993 Kea oho inps®Ke to 1995. ra mhaioue avujs wns pees ovykev«pOOyKe VAUKG and oYoLele Slow TeV BadpiGov oF nohés neproyes ins Spas, “Eytve keer peapy ax va Spon wow Siapépov KernyopIGy Ken Who oYONUKGY KTIPfoV Ka TOY YapaxTHpIoTIKGY ovs ta oniofa eunpedovv Uy evEpYELEKt] LOvs avpNEpYPOPA KaL wg OvvOFiKES Gveons péoc ovous yspovs, Tapé\kn\a Ewer Serypcrolnrukés perprioeig oe oyolefa o¢ neptoyés pe BrapopetiKé KhypouKé yopaxuypiouRd, avupoowmeD- UKE YrELTHG KhyparKEs Gives INS \SpAg Ke EvCOMforH KAY KELO aad rIperypEE- ES oovOrjxes ta npof hipaa now undpyowv. Meré and extecapévy evepyeuarsh evdhoon poo Suvapunris Oepprxtig mpooopotwons pe H/Y Kat orxovoptnt INTRODUCTION In Greece there are more than 15,000 Schools with facilities for more than 1,600,000 pupils. ‘The total amount of energy consumed for heating and lighting of schools is cstimated around 270,000 MWh annually. Within the framework of the SAVE programme, the Passive and Hybrid Solar Systems Department of CRES has conducted a “Technical and Economie Assessient of ‘he Refusbishment of School Building: for Energy Efficiency and Improvement of Thermal and Visual Comfort Conditions”. “The aim of tis project was to produce economically viable {echnical solutions for reducing the energy consumption in schools (and the respec Live CO: emissions) while at the same time improving comfort conditions inside the classrooms, which, as has been recorded, are most often not met The project lasted from 1993 10 1995 and inched recording and classification of school buildings and the factors affecting their thermal performance around the country, Sample in situ measurements and short-term monitoring was conducted at locations of distinct and typical climate, in order to identify on the spot the actual conditions and the problems occurring. Following extensive energy analysis via, dynamic simulation modelling and economic analysis, the most viable combinations of solutions were formulated for each characteristic building typology in all three cl ‘matic zones of the country. ‘The solutions concern building design and construetion, avéa\uon, evrontornKay ot méov Piowpes ASoexs camo teXVIKH] Ke OIKOVOPL eon, yto xG8e Yapaxtnprocxt] tonoAoyia oYOLUKGV KuPfov oF KBE Khiper- xa] Gy UNS YSpag, Any peAE ave} npoéKeipav HAG ovpnepéopet, re epIoadtEpe ANI ta onofe avteIOKpivovtat 1a0 Ge UnpXOVtE, Goo Kex GE YEO~ ceveyerpSevr oyoluxd Kui © OBny6s curds mepLéyer us TeYvEKES AGoeIG HOD ipogKLIpeEY ANG aavtH| TH PAE uy, £101 Gore oF pelerptés xa ot Giayerptorés tov ayoluKiy Ktuptov, ver Porn Bossy oro var oyebiéoouy, ver KeaOKELXiOOLY Ke Vor OvvEprooDY Kuipte HE TY ekdytory Karavdéloon evépyetas, owvbuatspevn pe uy avaRG®pion tov ySpov BiSaoKakiag and my eGaapadon owOyxcy Geppursfg Kea ort veong Ke vytenjs. Or texvines avtés Avoeis apoposy oto oxediaops Ke uyY KaLAOKELH ‘ov KuIptov, o& Pelusoers j alaye’s ons meKtpopNyavoroyiKes eyKeraoTdoes, 6 pc opBoloyixdepy Aettovpyla Show Toy evepyeterciy avatN ELOY Kat KO oxedtaop6 Kau HY epappoyt] Evde Mpoypappertos evepyeienay BieyeKprons Ka ovvtiipnons tov eykaraatdoen. Ze KOE oxoe(o 1 eLowwovsnon evépyetas Mov purlopef ver emcevybet pe Every 016 ovvducons enepPaoeov Kar puOpioedy efven toohéxiarov 30% Kau pno~ pet vecetvar Hols peyaastepn és Kau tyy ehaywotorioinon ta evepyeiaKsy ava YG, eevdloye pe 10 eiBog tov entep Picea Kat to KM{ucc img nepLoyris. O peys- hos aptOpds Srpdowwv oxohefov Kat n avayxn yea Ee Kripa, Gote Gate oYo- Jeter var pmoposy ver kxtovpyots oF pee npoovy Babu, Hnstovpyosy Eva peyd- ho Govepix6 eEorxovspnans evépyetag oF eBxtl KAipaKe AV en mAgov AnpBet ‘ndypn, 10 nepIBa\ovUXd, oLKOVOpLKG Kea KoIvawiKG 6epehog an16 1H pLeKoon TOV eqiopncy COs xan SOs, 16te te ope efven cakGpce peyaasepa. To eni nnPet evixoha, efvat n Bekttoon ung déveons 1 onofa entrvyydverer peo os aBovoes, 1690 and nhevpds porropod do vo étos, Soo Ker cad Beppuntis Mev pais Ges tug neprdBovg Ke Kvptig thy neptodo tov Spooropos (GvorEy 6g Ker qOwsncopo), wStaitepaL ovig nepIoyés je 10 OeppStepo Kip. I\gov dipelos and avvés us enepfKioets, 10 onofo Sey pnopet va anuoU- passive heating and cooling systems integrated onto the building structure, improve- iments or alterations of the HVAG and lighting services, rational operation of all ‘energy systems, and the application of an energy management and maintenance scheme. ‘This Guide presents the (echnical solutions stemming from this study for the design, construction and maintenance of low energy, thermally and visually comfortable schools, ‘The energy which may be saved through the proposed interventio and depending on the type of intervention and on the climate of the area can be much greater, such that the energy consumption of the buildings is minimized, Furthermore, the improvement in thermal and visual comfort which can be achieved is a significant Factor, the benefit of which is not easily evaluated. is at least 3006 eum] (100) Oesoniovan Ahn Hane ain Euijour karavédhvon eve pyeias oe rpia oxo ‘0 Biagopeuxés nds ofpepa Kan pete and ‘ep iors eEouxovspnons evepyete, Fux ‘uowxs oyotefo ena ABs Ex6 Byoleto ava Xave Sotelo veoklaaous wor apysv 199 endver Sa Ens Syolefo pe evoryes BxéBipopo aia Syoleto pe keons Brabpopo Eu.10 yolefo wna “ABHNA KATATPA®H/AEIOAOTHEH TH2 YOIZTAMENHE KATAZTAZHE Karnyoptes oxohixdv xuptov Suv EM@ba undipyoov yeverd 560 xaayoptes oxox Kuptov: até 1a onota KuioU- ‘aw nay x9 1960 kon efve oen{Oag népuve pe Evy ov, en cw 1a ono xtfoUKAy etd to 1960 xen erorehoty twnoloyies tov Opyeropos Eyoluxv Kuipfow (OK). Ta ‘eleorale epiperiZovuan ev yéver Spoue KeraoxevaatiKkd oF deg ig KhiparKes Reve tg ipa ken eiven KtIopEver cad pecs Ket toler Ken pepoor petaixe Koupiuene, “Ta alenstepaefven apsrors, wo vectepa (and v0 1981 KaL pL) yépovv peor, ory ‘poy ren axons tot yous, eve ra ononyeie and pero owas napexsévouy advert. H Aetroupyfa tov oyoletoo (Anpiouxd, Fopvdoo, Acketo) ev yévet Sev Buegoponotel tte ronoloyie, ev Kan Kéco1es and aveés oovBZortar oF optopEes Ke yopies LetoUpytag epioodtepo. Axépa kat Stapopetinés wonoloyies mepovardowv nolls oporsuytes, opis 0¢ npog ty KaLaOKeUy aNG Kat UG aveloytes caflovacy, Gutdipopio eu Glow pio. Baatess Stapp ous tenooyies napovoniKovte kvpiing tag pos tov apxO Us Kea 1 Buda wav eaBovosv. H bce jnopet ve ef yprpin fa Ff anevicaeper ae oxripe TT. oyve ooverrcen wea Brera oupmerys, pe eiDovars duacerey eves yopeo and Grav Kevepins cootepins ipo. Tee ypappund xtipue Kadeds Ken ee now efvar fuatete pve 08 F, epper@ovtae wet etBoears vr fNEnoow pos tyY avy poco eKotepeKs ‘yuipe tov owonébon, pe KAeiots Bidpopo and uyy nigw Meup f, oncevusepa, pe avor- 116 Brdépopo end uyy xGpic mleope rows. Oc wnoloytes eugieiGortan pe 1, 2 18 ops (povs, avoya pe Lo KUIploloyiRs ups paqypee tov oyoleion. H owvyPEoepy Surah efve 00 1éH0e: atBovoes nov Blénowv Kee nipor{unon Lo ero, pe Brdépopo ouyN nw Mee- pte ov mane nov exoloudet,napovoriovva véoorpa as ve mi6 yaprentgprownd nape- (ypc vino oyalixsv Kupla (a ono ovvt ag eppeorra oe yap Sieve ce 1), top de 3 buapopetuxés ypovtrds neprdots, ‘Tonos Zxohevov “Exog Euxdver Eqn peers Karaoxenrs eeroupn Tals nétpwo np vo 1960 7 He ewonyes aed aeons 1960-1980 8 “Too pe whe i 4 | svatpoh peut ww 1980 ® 1g A@LINA oro 1980 10 (CURRENT SITUATION Classification of school buildings ‘There are two main categories of school buildings: buildings built before 1960 which are of stone construction and usually have a wooden pitched roof, and buildings built alter 1960 by the Ory; K), which are constructed of concrete and bricks. The nsulated, or in the ease of buildings buik after 1980, have thermal insulation on the roof and walls: OSK buildings are similar in the design of lassrooms, andl vary mainly in size and configuration, Classrooms are usually organised ina linear configuration, or in L shape. More seldom there are U-shaped schools or schools of compact form, with classrooms located atound a central space, The figures above present four of the most characteristic school types, an oll stone building (lige), a school building with classrooms facing an open corvidor (Fig.8), a building with elass- rooms located along a closed corridor (lig.9), and a building of the typology ‘ATHINA, with classrooms clustered in units of three (lig:10). Depending on their layout require ‘ments, seool buildings have 1,2, or 3 storeys. KMparuxés Zaveg tg xépac HE\é6a napovoriter nou xlijaros. jugove pe tov wysovee Ravoviops Gepyo- Hévaans Yopieua oF ype Ehyeeuké Caves, B10 napsy ércuno éyouv emeyel to xhiger ‘ov Xaviow og avuinpooonevtxs yueayy A Zor, tps ABiva yea ty B Kvn Kat Hs Ora ‘ahovinns yu ty F Gon, Byaluéxtipra now Apfoxorrar ory uy A ona yapaxmpcecar ans yao xh, Your cavknpéves avdyxes or En xox Lyérepes oe Béppaven, Tar xuipta uns B Long éyouv wo- Horpaopéres avdyres oF BEpyavon xe yoy. Te xuipue oxy T Gvy €yoo mo’ wraps codyses oF yuk Kan old peyies evyxsg oF Bépppavon, Karé to oyeb.aous evds xuptov, Oe npéner vo hopBévevan enyn dt pvo 1 xe un oxy onote ever, ee Kan 10 tomuxd hiya to onoio Bxxpoponioietatavdloye pe ‘yy ton Bota Mapée ray deo Kea onpevung enpany vow khypowtksy ovOnssv ox Beppiny Aeioup- vie tov xupiow, dey undpyer acxpjs bxapoponoinon ovo oyebiaops roy oyoluxdy xuipioy Gove va avvanoxpivovtan kalstepe og Khipauxée atepsnytes. Climatic zones of Greece The Thermal Insulation Regulation effective in Greece since 1979, divide into three climatic zones, which are A, which is characterised by a mild country esented in figure 11. Buildings ofthe climatic zone ate, have high cooling and low heating require Buildings in zone B have equally balanced heating and cooling requivemtents, ‘while buildings in zone C, which isthe coldest zone, have high heating and low cooling requirements. ‘Three characteristic locations, one for each zone (Chania for zone A, Athens for zone B, and Thessaloniki for zone C) were chosen for the energy evaluation of the refurbishment options proposed, Despite that climate isa erucial factor in the thermal behaviour of buildings, to date no specific distinction is made in the design or construction of school buildings depending fn their climatic zone or location. Eucll Oc charts dives ms yp, Eucl2 Zyoleto omy Ehécy Tprxddon Katavéloon evépyevag ora oxoAeia H piéon exjoua xexavihoon evépyeias ova oyodeta exrypdaea nept rg 2 KWhimn’ Opa Wéjevow xpov, alld nohs ovyve raver v4; 100 go Ka 200 kWh/m* Geppavdpevon. 1600. Avt6 10 n096, to ooo karaveveren Koping yr ty BepHevon tov oyoleton,efven ols wpm, wiattepa av Aéper xavels undiyn to yews smo Kia Is Yipes pac, Ent Ingo, coun xovavloon Bev xavier ug payee aviyxes oe Bép avon, xed ova neploodiepa oyohe(a 0: ovvdraes dveong to yetpva Bev nhqposvien, Evbeuc, tov nivaxa nov axoloudet napowoudtenn 1 vehi evepyetagreevdhoon, avi werpyannKs jétpo Beppenvsyevoo ysipov aovasy BibaokaNtas oe toniké oyoleta "eoodpa wy ye is rpets elses Zoves IE Spas, Gg npoeKope ans ayy evEp- tax npoooo%won, énov Lopfévovrat unyn r npaypex karGovain 100 KEASpOvG Kal vov eyxaraordoeo way xnptav, aha Bewpettar du ot Bepyoxpaotec tov ype, Bev wohetnovee ote onepflatvouy ug aranorpeves y1a dveon, Baby Sut vndépyer Beppo- a6 fheyyoc ay hertoupyas tov ovotrigaros Béppeevans, Keravélwon evépyetac yo Ogppavi avd verpay, perpo atOovuug brdaoxeaktas [kWh] Ténog Zyolevov Kkpewst | Kkpows | KAtporucy Zévn A Zésvn B ZévnT Tals nip 10 8 146 Tinos pe evorytd Bxdtipopo | —__15 46 2 “Tinos pe wheiows 6xéBpoyo bie us | Tinos ABHNA 5 | 86 1 pon extra xerawdtoon Geppuniig xa nhexxpucfs evépyetas o& eBvexxAipaxa, ono- AoyGortas née an 65.000 ayohus afDovoes, evan ts 1s vow 270.000 MWh. Av ‘evépyeta, avwovoyet oe exjora xaravéloon noosutas xavofuov neipehatou Diesel 6p: avons fons pe 16.300 v6rvovs ovvohtxos xoroes 1,7 Big py. (types 1995) KaBg Ken 6 xfjova xaraveéhoon mhextpropos (78.000 MWh) ovvohixos Kéovovs 2,6 Aus py. (xpéc 1998). Or enaxshouBes exotesexopés CO: (expfov nov npoxae’ vo pawépevo 100 Hepjox iow) xa SOr (aepon pinoo) etvar thg tas tov 150.000 revo xe 1.000 x60 ava oronye. Energy consumption in schools ‘The average energy consumption for heating in schools is estimated at 92 kWhim’ of hheated space, but often reaches 100 or even 200 kWhim’. This amount is very high, take ing imto account the generally mild climate ofthe country. Furthermore, this consump. tion does not cover the actual needs, as in most schools comfort conditions are often not met. The mean annual fuel and electrical energy consumption on a national level is around 270,000 MWh, which is equivalent to 16,300 tones of fue oil and 78,000 MWh. clecttcity. ‘The resulting annual GO: and SO: emissions are 150,000 and 1,000 tonnes respectively. In the table above, the annual energy consumption in kWh! of dassrocan area, as has been calculated is presented for four types of schools old stone building, school building with classrooms facing an open corridor, building with classrooms located along a closed corridor and a building of the typology ‘ATHINA’ in all three cli ‘matic zones of the country. Evtomopdc mpofAnpétov oxetuxéy pe thy éveon Kor mY KatavéAwon evépyevac Ta npofikjpata nov napamposvrat ovvrfB0s ove oyoela ovvowpiCovea oxo 6x ev yee. Sev eanxparowv ouvOrixes Bepuesfc at onrarfs divers, ev 1 Kertavihoon eveépyetag yo Heppevan Kex pouops etva bractepa vn. EiBux6tepa: © KaG 61 Sper to0 érove, undipyet etooxcrtavop ro0 parss pou ouig axBovoes, Sqpwovpyetten GyB.00n oxo enGedo voy pabnLSy, evs cro BABDS Lov eovody bev enapxet 0 guraps, © Thy poypr nepiobo, 0 wares ovyvd xposivooy, ord naparnpettaa Kat vo gotvépev0 1, rowdtyer tov apa Kod uy Guaprere roo paOrjpciog ve yyy efven KU © H xcravéloon evépyetas, ce oyéon pe wo eninedo dveong nov ennoyyaveran, efven old cvSypévy. © An6 ty dvoiky is xan peyéito pépos too pBwvondpov, wbiattepa oeyY A xa o1n B KAI oct Zé, vndipe unep®epuavon pou aux covdes, Or onpavinsepor napdyorres nov emterrsvowy ty Beppuxsxex ory veon Kau evel voov tty Kaxaviloon evepyeiag ou oyoefaefver ot axchoudior © 0 axardhmos npooavarohiopés tov kriptou, we anoréheop tov avenapxi mhiaops ‘o xeipdva, ty unepBE_ppaver, to KahoKafpL Kat UG Kas GovBrKES PrrtopOd do vo xp5v0 © 0 axcrchiqhoc oyeBiaapds Tov avoryptan, tov dootnpéxo puoikod Ka taV eykerta oxdoean TexVITOS HOTIOPOG, pe amoTéheoE THY evIOoKELavORL TOD Td HOU OTS aiovoes © 0 avekeeyxc0s aeptoyss, 0 onofos entpéper unepBolux xcravéhoon Kavoryoo Ke vBijxes yous peo org couaes © H peyadn Sreto5von caépa and yapapdtes wv avorypéroy, pe anoréleope peydles Beppnés caries xen pepe péoc ic fBov0es, © Oc peytdes Beppnces ares oné 10 xAAupos, nov avgévoov uy Keraveéhoon evépyet- a5 le Béppavon, Kat ernBervvouv vg ovvOres dveons v0 yepsva © AxcrlAhog oye6xaoy xe kay oovejpran ovoupétow Oeppavans pe anovéleopa "Uy anodiotxy 1005 Aerioopyte © H in opSoloytxt Aertoupyia eyKaraordoeww xevipuxts Béppavons, pe anoréeopa va naval evépyeia yopts ve entwyyavovee ox anantospeves ovvOhixes Gveons © H avenipxere to ovornpdrov oxtaans xan aeprapos, nov odnyet ve unepAppevon, at aiobua Beppuxis Buopoptas xand wy BrdpKera uns neprsbov Bpoatepos vow ayo- Acfov, Bhai and my dvoukn 5s Kat wey POG tov @PrvonKspov, yeyovdc yu 10 ono(o dooce Bev npodiaypxiperen avtipevsmon péoo avorjperios pnyevKos b poor ‘opo6 / hypatioyos xa étot 10 npépAnpe nepepéver aventhuto, Problems identified with respect to comfort and energy consumption *Poor lighting conditions duc to neal dsributon of daylight which resulsin glare and atthe far end of hssrooms inadequate lighting Relatively high energy consimption fr heating compared tothe ret comfort conditions *Uncomfortbl high temperstres inside the castrooms from spring o autumn partic ‘lany in cate zones A and B Factors Affecting Energy Consumption and Comfort “Inappropriate orientation of spaces, resulting in inadequate insolation during winter, orerteating curing the war perl, sn poor ightingcondtons, al year-totnd propre design of openings daylighting and artical ighting stems, resulting in therunewen dstibation of ight nthe csrosms High inflsaiss vrough window Games and uacontrolled yeniltion, resulting in sig- nifeant heat loses during winter “Inappropriate design and poor mainienance of the heating systems, resulting in inefi- cient performance “Inadequate shading and vention systems, in coinbinaton wit the lck of specication for mechanial cooling sytem, resuking in overeating during warm periods Eu. AnooKcravopi ponds 0 aiovoe Bibaoxaing 10 ae NOMENES EIEMBASEIS, Exducot ov6yor tov enepBaceov xa nporepausttes Or eneydoers o ono'es apoposy oro Kupans nepiiqu Fou 0g exiKosy orders © To oyebiaops vo¥ evowypivoy xa lov ovompéuor guorkod gouo}0$ ote ve e TwyAéverer ooKaavog tov roepysevoo ponrdg © Ty pefoon to Geppunsy anahersy + Moyorns Befobvons tov aga and us yapapec wav avowypiov + a6 quorKs e§aeprops + 5 eye péow 100 KeAGpovs tov Kupiov # Tay asian vor phexsv kepSiv yy nepiobo béppevons + HE Koray yopod mon row evorypdvon + BE npoaBfxy nab yLKGy yliaxcv ovopécoY * Th pefoon tov Beppu kepdv ry nepiobo Spoonoyos, pe kardia ovorr ‘oxiaong © Ti Belafooy vor ovvOqxs dveons xa my yy xv nupi xan nepiato Spoon ‘Oyo pe Bragtepy eEasprops, pdXina ot eney ce ons nlextpoynyevoloyuns eyxaraordvets E400" os oxdyo-u efoon sHs evepyeians Karavdhoons péw iy asgons yg ansSoang 100 eEonliope Tovs Ka to» opoloyikos ypénov Netoupyiag ket avrufpnors rou, Oc eneppdoers nov nporetvovta expoposy r600 ae upuandpeve Kxipua 6oo Kat oe veoewe vetpdpever xi Ze wptovdpeva stip, oF enepioerg apopowy: © Sppéoya tow appv w0v Kougarpérav * Tipoofjx1 povéoeov © Mpoodien naduxsv mioxsy ovorpro oxy we dg © Tpoodtxn ovomdor guotwos poxopot-oxtoon ova evotypara © Eyxardoraon avewioupay ta eyyspevo eEceprows 0 yeyusvr © Eyxcrdoraon eveoujpor opogiis ya adkyon ns Depts veons uy nepfoba Spoa.pos * Avae® jon tov eyraraorsoson revi Bépyavons Kat ponopos PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS ‘The interventions proposed concern both the buil have the following specific targets: 1 Fhe uniform distribution of ight inside the classrooms va the appropriate design of ‘openings and other daylighting systems “eduction of heat loses which occur through the building envelope and through "uncontrolled ventilation ‘Increase of winter solar heat gai : Reduction of solar heat gains during the cooling period ‘Increase of summer comfort conditions through ventilation {Reduction of energy consumption by optimisation of heating and lighting systems In existing buildings the interventions include: ‘Window frame sealing plication of thermal inisation Incorporation of passive solar systems onto the building south facade ‘Application of daylighting/shading systems tothe openinge ¢ lnstallation of supply/ exhaust fans for controlled winter ventilation $ Installation of ceiling fans for summer cooling ‘* Refurbishment of heating and lighting installations ing envelope and installations, and Te veoovejspsene stipe ov eneyioets agopode © Kevdltyhy ynpodémen Kou npovavetobiops vv supiov, dove va eEeagaligeaat o acho ycops (re peyeoronoraseice ve Mhiend wep To Yes, ve eKCOGANE ere 0 quonssig geno, cea ve sleyuovonoorvrat re uae wip v0 Keoki) © Dypdta NS tov evorpEa ye posts gonad Ken OrpIEG HBeepES DyPBwops ken KeaoKeDy avery FOROS poriapOd Kat Wionpoototag ov solvate Xprjon ec glov pordavon ket cepoateyeasy Koopa Hvoopdnooon nafqussy Aue: overnpvoe on vén dipy Hyxerdoteon evepioujpoy ye eleyypevo eEeepiopsrvo yeypavee Fyxsrdowaay evsnerpon opr yc -ps Bepps veons-myy mepobi Bpo- 10s © Opi enthoys wir yprjoy vow efomhopos Kau vow eeyyou tov syxcuaotdoeeY KeYIpLe sis BFppevorg Kor ENR gesNaH, Oc enepfdvers nov Beoporten og upsiys uporependipe ye SNe ve Kip efva ox Ene doers GB pions t00 guonkes gportoqos, yx ny nepiodo toe yerSeer y penny x0 en Jnr cn dvfofionn 100 apr Ken 0 eleypeves ebeepropds, yler Up mEpHO5o poops 1 aki set» poor eEaepropds xa vos, » enrobotis ewoupyie vo yRCANEGEOY Oéppovons ou grotiopos. ‘new buildings the interventions concern: © Appropriate building orientation and fay for maximum solar gains during winter, ininuom solar gains during sommer, andl adequate daylighting © Window design lar daylighting and sumer ventilation © Desigh of systems for ghire redctio suion materials and sealing of window frames © Incorporation of passive solar systems Installation of supplyeshanst Fans edit 1 fans for summer coding © Appropriate design and eontzol of heating ancl lighting scrvices and summer shading oF openings © Use af appropri i Bylt WhiaopsatBovoas &iSa0xaieg etpvalneloxaipt EZ | ath aE 2x15, ‘Aiduafy oyolefon pe mbuaxsé «pro ee, XQPO@ETHEH - TIPOZANATOAIZMOE Evtomopsg npoBArjpertos: AxatéMyAog npooavaroliopdc tov xciptov 0 wyo%os npocavaroliop6s to KUploy, 6 npoxsinet and va BraDEowpeorx6nei, Bey Kaopaliger ov anapaityto mhraops rovs, o6te ty aaropoy| wav unepBEpHGvOEOY vo aloxaipt (0¢ aovbucop6 pe uy evenaprtoxicon), EnepBéoerg avipetomons: Zwary ywpobéron / KaraMydos npooavarohopos 1 yopobayon tov Kxipfov Kat 0 npooavatohtopés tov exGovady npénet va sive tétONe ore @ va efaagahtera xabig gouopde Karé1n SxipKer roV E1005 © ver vnépovv mbiaxdé xépBn and npdomon tov HhtaKy axivov péae or00s ySpoLs, xed 1 Budiprera tov yetpva © ve e§aopeei{era 1 oxiaoy xa Tove Bepposs pve, 0 wét10g npoaavaroliopdc wor axGovaGv efven o mo KaKEAAHhos, Gore va uNGpyer apxe- “yj opélyan etoepycpevy Mics extwvofoNia to yeyssver Ken enepaje puOLKd (paUIOpS ‘low ypdvo. Anarcogvre duos ovarsiuaa exipontg tov puarKOS ITS HpOs TH OOO, Gore va anopedystan n Gapfioon oxo omux6 eninebo Tov paOrtay Kabds eu oxion 10 aloxaipy, yuo mipn, extpom ng luaxts axtwofolias, até rqy Gy ro0 Kupfov. O flipetog npoomveraioyés ev napovardter ve npoBhipera BépBioons xa Sev anceret ‘osian, ro xaoxaipt, eet 6p pevopeéva Bepjke xépin Kat avkrpves Beppe ca 2610 yetpva, TY avtd Kan peyétha Bépera avotypre evdefkvuvecr upto yta UG mo Dep né neproyés, drag omy Kliporaxt vn A. ow Eyer Myes cnarufoers ve Béppevon, apset ‘a ondper xqtdiny Depytxt| npooraota wav valomvaxoy (Guihé Wapua). Oxav ot ovvEijxes tov o1konéBov emiédhovv Pépew npooavaroliops, o€ xx(pre 6uov npo- dmver Bua popog oto vé10, ovviorGzer 1 npoodprjon, neGyKGy NltaKGY avot|AaOY (Gx@5popor-Geppoxiina f Geppoowponixd novéla npooapmypéva omy eRarepuxt Teups ‘00 Biadip6p00). 0 averohuxd kat 0 Suttkés npooaveroliopds Ga npéier var canoxpedyorten. Exiaorpe ataxdpoga eniPédovea a «Boones we evatahins Ket SvuRS npooaverohiops ‘Ze nepitwoon juxpyig &xvoon¢ orxonéBoo, ot vékEIG ovviardeat va vonoBerosvear ype cas htoxs cpio (oxriue 15), 10 on10%0 xpnorpeter x600 yta tov Haops Goo Ke yter10 Qort- O46 ta fopewsiv eovodr BibaoKchias, Tipeo and vo afBpro vonoberetuar avonytds Bude Spopos ye ey Kiron tow pes [As BUILDING LAYOUT AND ORIENTATION South orientation feasrooms isthe tos recommended in order to obtain appropriate Fighting conditions, maximum solar gains during winter, and solar protction during some, a long a systems are provided on the apertures inorder to reduce glare and Sime solar gina Such sjtems, combining glare reduction and summer shading are tf horizontal direction (ight shelves, lowers, et) North orientation has no need for glare fection or sunnier shading systems, but has tow heat gain and increased heat loses during winter. Therefore, larg north-facing apertures recommended for areas wit lw eating needs such a hmatic 7 But should have double lazing for winter thermal protection, In Northefacing buildings with corridors facing south, the incorporation of passive solar systems (ie. thermosyphoning air panels) on their south side is recommended. East and west orientations should be avoided, and provided with appropriate shading. generally of vertical form, In cases of small-sized lots, classrooms may be placed round a solar atrium, as in figure 1s B EMEMBAZEIE BEATIOZHE e TQN LYNOHKON ®OTIZEMOY Anientospeves ovverKes pottopos 1 omen éveor yaprextyp erat and rpie nooonné Kar nowouKG yapaxtnproUKé, nov “aniotehoty loud xprejpia €h4y You 100 portopo6 ong atBovoes diSaoxahiag Kata epye- coipue: © An6-uyy noadte 100 antop08, now gréver oto eninsbo epyaoiag, ono{a odpoove He 11s npobiaypenpés tov OBK npénet va voostar pe 300-325 lux yer ug vere, 540 lux ue epyasp xc 300 Tux yo Bifobxny © And uy Koxcvopt to» gorip08 aro ySpo epyaoiag, nov onpacver oorpoppn Kexa- ‘opt ro» gvo1Ko6 ponds oF dhe va Bava © An uyy anopoyy} ns 84yBoons now Srptovpyeitan ovrA|Blos,efte ené ty efoo6o Kau ipdomten 100 Nhuakos gords oro eninebo epycota, efve and 11 Sqwoupyie Ertovow (got0cKvéoew oto po. Evromopég npofAxjpertoc: Kaxée ovvorpxee puriopov ore aiOovoes Entei 0 ai@ovoes éxowv peyéte evorypre pos pa Syn, onéipxet avoporoyévera ouyy xavavopt} tov pior6s. Tos ovyvé be, to Geo pas mpoomtiet ove Bpavia Ker evoyAet tous padres, Kalic npoxcet Op flooy oro oMtxd vOVs nEBVo, ex6 ato BaéIDs Un eBoo- 5 1 or46 pi poxiopos efvar aventapxis. To npéplnye mg DayBoone aviypevonieran ovvtiBas te Kovprives, yeyonds nov éet os eanoréleop-m peta rm evoepysuerns Muar ajc axivoBoltac, pe ooveneta Tov el\eun portaps xox ervtiatoxya xy peioan tov EvEpyE- tuxGy mluaxsy KepbGv 10 xerpsve, Hols ovyvé: Be, napemperten va Aerioupyoty dha va oop, yoy aye 10 ontop 0 oer ovens ar opopere onpeta EnepBéorrs avaperémone: KaréMyha avoiypara Tia va undpyer oporspopipy xeavoyt tov goruopos prow auig ai@ovars, owviowéve ve Uundpyoov appindeopa avotypaa, Avw pope’ va ennenyde pe nap@@upe peyairepa xa! Gipos avi peyyttsv pos ray Mevpe tov SiadpSpov (ox. 17) 1 pe evo%ypenxe oN poop Us a€Bovoa (oy, 18) ¥ xe 100 Suadipspou otov teevxao Spo, uy nepluroon oyohetor pe aiBovors ronoBemrEves appindenpe rov Biaépspov (npos Poppa Kar véro), ovworeat ve unepiipsvertn opogp 00 Suadpeov, Gove va efeogalt- Gere o cypimexpos qrouopds voy raov. AULG pope var entteuyBet pvo yuu tov weheu- {aio dpago (oy. 19), B. IMPROVEMENT OF LIGHTING CONDITIONS Visual comfort is determined by © ‘The illuminance level on the work plane, which is specified by OSK at 300-325 lux for ‘classrooms, 540 lus for laboratories and 800 lux for libraries The uniform disuibution of light *# The avoidance of glare cther due to direct light on the work plane or to in ‘ows inside the spaces ‘Visual comfort conditions are very often not met, due to the existence of openings only om one side of the classrooms, and to the inadequate oF inappropriate shading systems used. ense shad: In order to obtain even daylighting distribution, openings are requived on opposite sides ‘of the classrooms. On the upper floor of buildings, other solutions may include skylights ‘on the roof of classrooms or corridors, =| | Pel | 2x16 Karavopt 00 pois gporiqpos oe aiBovoa ‘SxbaoKahiag: opiovdtevy xeon 2x17 Ketavop v0» puovsos geouop96 oF Bova pe Feygheopa evoke : | 2.18 Renew 00 goes goniyooracxon p ey ey op 4 md 3400 epee ejowe ate eas ees 13 24.20 Averlnounés emipévetrs anos 4 ooons o be ee 22h Tapaerypa eyoprowsy Yoni LexTTOS patio} oe cABovoe 14 AvaxAaovjpes-papue yoropod i Beverixé ordpra Tue anopoy ys Bt yioons nporetvorte evehhaxué iver exipontfe mg dueoye Mt ag cxttvofoliag pe cveexleon, npos ty opal, étor Gove ve enavepyerer ax6 entinebo epyuotag ons poppy Sxéyuroe gong, Teroies his pnopet va ete avulaond pea, cand vhied pe cwxiaotx ty neva empever, f nepoiBes Kit kere nporiuqon, oxy eKoteprx meupd voy ncepapa Or kexcoren6s eunés npooappiovrar ous s4aes roy Kowgeopcn, Te vlikG nov xpnor- ponovodvre pnopod vr evet Go pe own endo paver, palo we entvBo0y ‘gillov alovpwvion oxqy endo meope ff nepottes perallunés 1 maauKé, Keré pou 07, nivqésneprotpespiperes ep opto 1} exaKspupo Gove, evdoya pe 10v upoo vatohtas ane 1495. Exqy nepimcaoy nov, yt A6yous K6oTOLS, Bev efvat epAPHOIRES caotés ot Woets,nporetveen TonoBéxnon Peveunsv atopisy oxy eooreprxl emgdve ‘wor mappa Avid 1 ovat ya1e pnoposy va xpyoqtononP06% Ka os dUaTHPaKA OKIAOHOS yLa TOL, Geprvoss pres ae aiBovoes pe vito npooaveroliop6, apxet va Eyou" tg Kar \es ave Aoyies (iGtattepe ocny nepittooy tor oxaB_psy OUTTIpELoN). Tue wy avIOhKG KaL vo Boru npooaverohiops awviordrtx ennpsoBere Kerakdpupa oxCactpa, av Kat onOLabH note kit oxicon, axdpar Ke 1a Heverkt TSpIG, eta apKerd auotEleopar ye IY epi oxtcon, rv ovvodieverar kat ca Keeldo eEceptaps. O Ppetog npooavarolt- 716s (et ooNSpopHO HooxIopS Kat Bev aneaTet pepe paiopos 1 oxiaorpa. Xpispara ‘Ta xpepete tov eoomepaney emupavety Taw 14BRIV pene vee sven evonytGypopa, npos to Aevxd, cove vi pn Sqpovpyosrea ox ovo yspo Kea va eKaopaiCerar 1 peyasuep Gove avdlaon tov goods. Ot enigevetes uperet ve €xovv adpy wpr} pe apy wc (6x. ‘ola ye vee arogedyerat ny évtovn av can xen ovvenaydevy BG pfioon, ovens ‘1 Kara otepes Bropés efvan 1 vBpoypespeera karo MaouKs, avorytos ypaparos yeu Tove tofyotg Kat heoxd ye ty op Evorpa texvytod purropor ve bvo Givee Ze nepintoon aWovacy pe povénleupo gox1ops, o gouopds ovabeart werdverat 6oo uipoxiopospe avo Blog 108 spon. Tie va eEaopakioret aF awry vay nepiton pox Opp KetevopE, npotetvered 1 ovvSuaopéry epapHOyH ToD puarKOs KeX LEYY|LOS Go p08, Be Pos tov xsSpo0 foo pew 3 nepiiov 19» ouvoluKos féBorx, ovvirten EEyo picut Zany wexrIRO8 gornopos, sare ve EB\oopponeita jeiaoy 109 puaAKOS rds Myid 1 pyr andoraons ans ve nappa (oy, 21). [Light shelves or venetian blinds In order to reduce glare caused by direct solar radiation on the work plane, reflective surfaces, such as light shelves should be used for directing the light beams toward the ceiling (fig 20). Instead of light shelves, and at a lower cos internal venetian blinds may be installed. These devices may also be used for summer shading. Horizontal devices are recommended for south orientation. For east and west orientations the reflective surfaces ation, but venetian blinds are also acceptable, as long as, during the summer, the classrooms are well ventilated for cooling. North orientation does not require any glare reduction devices as daylighting distribution is uniform, Colours Colours of interior surfaces should be light, for the maximum light reflection and. minimum shadowing. It is recommended that ceilings are painted white. Surfaces should be matte (not specular) in order to reduce glare phe Tcchac oclciicl nova in classrooms with windows on one side, a separately operating zone of artificial lighting is recommended in order to reduce unequal lighting distribution (fig.21), This zone is proposed to be at 2/3 of the classroom depth. should be af vertical ov Aapnnipes - Swronné EsSpara Evas onpavexds napéyovras yortyevepyeranf anobouxsupue us eyxerdoraone vey {08 patois evan wy porer eriso0n ken 9 MoxéeHTA ToD GvORr OG Lap. potiottxd Spee, H eniloyi Aaymtjpov npéner ver faoierar,extdc ov xéotoUc, Ka 310 ovBvaopd Nov xpeplov, 6uox o wymds Adyos guorern pox poc Keeton ye- apts evepyetas, 1 apn i evepyetant} xeter@hoon, n peyéln BSipeeta Yoxg Kexo Up ig Betis ypoopernxts anéBoons Ot nporewspeves Asoetg yd xe vgiotdpeva ‘pi meprlaypavou © cattxatdoraoy melaisy Japmtiipor mopmxvoons pe cupneyets Nawmupes gBopiopos iow rune, yopm\étepNC evepyetants Kenavéhoons Kor peyadstepns drapKeias Garg, © eatuxardoraon gouotatsy oalhivwr pBoptopod drapéxpov 38mm ye aviiaroryous bie- pétpow 26mm xc vlog © avtixardoraoy andy Aayijpor nupéxtoons KaBpértov, énov vpiovavrar, je Aaureipes rpaxtoons aoy6vow axpion. Eniong npotetveratn avo pé8on nhac poriouxsn gbopropos poo ays avuxcedona: ‘5 10y YopNGy, cat f mpropcy Keopco toUs pe KeKpova pe ovoTpa aver: oupeov gods H aXtays ave pope va ow Svat pe vy ravtdypon, petoon too apt os vov nepreyopévo evepyav Aamuipan. Acépa, nporeivera o& Kawvospyes Keronevés 1 eyRerotaon nextportxdy leperipov pBopiopos pe orpayychouxd nnvic vynifs auyvéujtas (20-80 KHz) ya exx6per peyerhite- 1} qureit} anddoon, Ta myvia curd éyoor Borexduytes mhipous kau a€\moms BraBad- ions (dimming) mys anobibsperns gorensuytas ovo ypo Kat auispangs Buexonifs 1Ng ovis nlexrpropios Sc e000 vexpod apmejpa, Gove va py ndpyer coxomy ypcoon m\s- sxpiifg Karenhoong wea va eEcorpch@evat 1 Geo ovayétan tov SovapuKO8 tov @LOl- ot pottopos pe tc eooreptnts oovblfxes omni aveone, Ta ta veoaveyeapspeve xxipic 1 peer poriopos fe npéner va hopfliver ondipy THE UG napandvio napapérpovs evepyeraxos oxebreopad tov avotiuatos, ovvunoloyifovies o10 cioupe ehéyyou Aettoupyfas vor Kvxhoparay 10 BoraynKs 1av teyviKsy qvoIKOS Gate ‘j0¥ xe 10 opipto yprfons 0 sxupion. “E101 0 ayebic0p6s 00 oversipoxos Sev Ba agopes ovo veyteprvés ovvbijKes Kan ovvensis Oa emléyeran o Kavéh\nhog Lnos Kat OU yopodetnor, wy goretvGy nnyGy KAD Kex 7 Grofo®popém Aetroopyia tow, Gots ve ehGrovten anoBorue4 or npeypernss arenes wow Kup Lamps and Luminaires The high lighting efficiency and the quality of the lamp-luminaire equipment are essen= tial for the energy performance of the artificial lighting system. The selection of lamps _must be based not only on inital cost, but also on high lamp efficacy (luminous fluxzelece twical power), low energy consumption, long lifetime and good colour performance index. ‘The proposed solutions for existing buildings include the replacement of old incandes- cent tungsten filament lamps with equivalent compact luorescent lamps of lower energy consumption and much longer lifetime (fig.22), the replacement of 38mm diameter fh frescent tubes with slimmer 26mm diameter ones, and the replacement of tungsten spot lights with tungsten halogen or high pressure discharge lamps. The improvement of old luminaires is also proposed, by replacing nude, opal or prismatic covers with new reilec= tor systems, which may reduce the necessary number of contained lamps to produce the same indoor illuminance (fig. 28). In new buildings, high frequency (20-30 kHz) elec: tronic ballasts for fluorescent tubes should be considered in the design of the lighting system. These ballasts can receive dimming and can prevent electric current circulation through blown kamps. Fix22 HuaTEpes popioyos Em28 Deyypove goriruxé axera 15 16 Eleyyos Aertoupyias xan ovveipnon ovorripatos teyvycoe poropov H opBoloyentAetwoupyia mys eyxceréoroons goortopos ixogaterca pe: 4 Kandlijto Aeyyo ung evavonsinaons 10 priori Gans, © axxunés perpijoeis Kea a€\o6yjon tov emnébow porewsuas (lux) o€ xpoypor _ySpo°s (atDovaes, ypapet, Bualips pons, Pipl), Kat ‘© atdiqho toms Keipoxiento éleyxo Hf KevipiKG KeBodnyasuevo avrdparo éeyx0, ‘onofog enuroyyévetor je tH Xpifon Bicxomy, aBaQpuowsv (dimmers), xpovobiaK Sy Ke Gee cxoBEpOV poorKO qd Me -uyy népodo tov ypdvov ot Aapmujpes, ta gorotiKt oper Kat ot emupevetes ta {Spo Aepavovte, Emnhgov 1 poet ans8o0n tov Namuypav petsvevn. Ext, 0 rex 65 KaBapiopds emupaveisy Kat eEorhopos, 1) npokysruny evuxeréoraon heyunuf ard 1 Stdpree tepid nadons wor exniaberixsy epyaouc KaBkic Kat 10 Kava HO Tov emupaversw Yopov pe ta KerGANe ypspera, evar pétpa tov ovrteosy ot lay oronofjon tor anokeady gorerns por Kat oxy anpdoxonty Nertoupye uns Eye daraons gouopot, Operation and Maintenance ‘The energy efficient operation of lighting systems is assured by: ‘Regular measurement and evaluation of illuminance levels lux) in critical spaces (lass rooms, offices, corridors, libraries) ©The introduction of an appropriate control strategy of lighting zones exploiting avail able daylight, via local manual and / or central automate switches, dimmets, timers and daylight sensors. With the passing of time lamps, luminaires and room surfaces get ditty, In addition, the light output from lamps decreases. Simple cleaning of lamps and luminaires at regular intervals, substantially improves the indoor lighting quality, from the artificial lighting system, Planned relamping during holidays can ensure that lighting losses are minimised and that the lighting installation is always running efficiently. The repainting of interior ceiling and wall surfaces with soft bright and reflective colours can also reduce the need for artificial lighting, OE EITIEMBAZEIZ EZOIKONOMHZHE e ENEPIEIAZ IIA TH @EPMANZH TON XQPON Evromopsg npoBArjpacog: Meyédy dretobvon aépa and yapapdbec tov avorypétov H werkt xetaoxeurf xe avvesipnon to avonypvioy éYer a enoreheope uy avekEdey cr SrefoBvon cov apa Sto to exxoortetpaupo. Me yy efoobo tov poxpos akpa, Gxt por ceofvovter ot Deppinés andere, ah\é xoptog Gymoupyotveen oypa pespara va ono% HE UH] oFip rove enupepovv érovo «ofp xpsov oxous pobreés. Lovers, ee yivetan onardy exépyetas ya ty anopoyt Lov oovBnKGv autGy, f, dg ovpaver cuba, oF Bepyuné aviyres Bev xielimrovten Ket oF pobre KpUvour Enépfcon avapersmons: Metwon tov anwXendy and yapapddec H pefaon wav onohewsy ano yapapdse efvar mo anovekeopcuxt pé8o60s peoone ov AeppiKos gopriow. H enéyfacn avr efvar anoreteaporny yur Glos ts Klapatinés veg ans yépas. Avi6 onpatvet éu n aepooteydvion Lav apsr Tor KoVpaRGLEY fy avtiKEe ‘dowaor pe aepooteyend koupeperr Kat Mlafoia efven eyes, npg nporeparsuyta. H pstaon tov anaersy prropet var persoet o poprio Bépyavon Ke noo nov prdvouy 64 KWhin? (68%) ory Guy A, 11 kWh? (28%) ony Ziv B xa 19.7 kWhim? (29%) om Ginn T. To oppéyiope eppsy avetetet onpewvuxd ker ox, pefoon tov ewreprxod Dops- ow: ‘TEXNIKES: Lppayiopa appv: H kart} oovappoys tov xermav-ypqpGuaw perakK wos Kar rv Meu foo pe uy voxyonontaefvet onpevtiKGtetog Mapdyoviag ou avENpEVEG ceteG HL pet ‘oon, tov Beppixsiv aveedleyav and us yapeawieg oye yg Keg oUverpHOY ig pope ve ‘euutevyOer pe vay voHoBEmIO elaouRGY napepfeapeia ove angela ovvappoyr T6r wy Tpprav Kat elaotopepKiv eleKy oppayioperos Kau appoKAGmpay xa ote Gepeeyujpere (nbaiona, wéua). Te wha awed npénet ver evegyour oxy Whuaxs axiv0- Pole xat ox peyles Feppoxproranée Braxvpivort Avuxerdoraoy rovpopdtov: Soviet avon devi Kougsspera, Bit evar io aepo- eyavd ca6 1a ovpdpeva, Ta avoryspevee nept oprzévto Gove efven Keuepe ye tov eeptops v0 xecloxarpt. Ta maou yopet va efvar muoué fj wewehliné we eooneprar Hepponsvoon Kea apps ya THY anopryy| Heppoyspupac, ISuaitepY npoooys pene ve botei orn ooveppoyr| mavofoo xen voryorou, G. ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES FOR SPACE HEATING Interventions: ‘Reduction of Infiltration Losses ‘This is achieved by sealing of window and door frames and envelope cracks, or by instal- lation of air-tight frames. Frames which are operable round a horizontal or vertical axis, have a higher air tightness than sliding ones, ‘This measure is a most effective means of reducing energy consumption of schoo! build- ings in all climatic zones of the county, The reduction of infiltration heat losses (68% of the building heating load) in cli 19,7 kWhim® (20%) in zone €, ‘This intervention also results in a significant reduction of noise entering the classrooms. ult in energy conservation of 6,4 kWhimn’ tic one A, LT kWh (287) in zone B, and Euc24 Kat naréoraon xowaspetoe-yapapcibas, 17 Evtomopés npoBArjpatos: Avekleyx10¢ aepropoe Tra A6yoos vyenris, anawtotvren 5 evahayés akpelipe doc ous atBovdes bxbaoKeelie Zaqy npeyporrduae, ene Bev undpxereheyySpevos aepropds kato eEarpropss yivec pt nad ra Set pone, pe ravrdypovy ovyvd etrovpyie ty Kevipin Béppewon afte 9 novduyta 100 apa Bev eta aratospery, ete 0 BeppiKis andere efvn tee cues Ket. t0 enieo Bxppxsg eons yapM\6.. Enépfoon avripersmong: Eleyyopevoe ekaepropse 0 anoteleoperaxétepos xpénos vet peraBosy oF andeteg an eEaepiapS, efven avtse v4 Fuc25 eran je pono eleyyspevo, Bmhadi unycvand, Evo Gore o ervepySpev ppeoKos cee ‘Avofywara eBovoas pe peyyee xan avepropes va yy onepBarver, aNd Kea var pny unoleteva tov ancatopevoo. Avr anpiaver 6x Aextovpyowy aveptorripes KaB? diy 17 Suépreta tov opty Aettoupyfas, elNé Bev Ba avot youv 1a napaBopa Katé ra Belefypora, ‘To yetpra 0 quarsds ekaepropss pe to Gvowypa napatispov H peyyttsy objet oF aveke eyes noose ervepysuevou «pe, oF onotes eEapsvtat cans -ig Kanpunés ovvOh ng xa pgp. To Kahoxatpto efarpropds pnopet ve efvenefte pnyawexds péow tor avepworipo, ef

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