,

(EFNIL)
(ALTE)

8 .. .

,
8 ..

.



. ,
.
: , ,
.

2015


8 ..
 ,

8 ..

2015


,

,
( ) ( 2007-2013)

2015
ISBN: 978-960-87140-4-5

:
( ) ,
( , 8 7 .., , . 337339).

,

1,
551 32
.: 2313 331500, : 2313 331502
: centre@komvos.edu.gr
: http://www.greeklanguage.gr

Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs

Centre for the Greek Language
1, Karamaouna Skra sq.
551 32 Kalamaria, Thessaloniki
Tel.: +30 2313 331502, fax: +30 2313 331502
http://www.greeklanguage.gr
email: centre@komvos.edu.gr

, , , -
, ,
, , , , -
2121/1993 -
.


.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

: ................................................... 19

. .......................................... 29

...................................................................................................................................... 39

: ............... 55

. ............................................................................................................................. 67

................................................................................................................................................. 67

................................................................................................................................................ 74

............................................................................................................................... 79

................................................................................................................... 81

........................................................................................................................................................................... 85

. .............................................................................................. 89

............................................................................................................................................................... 92

............................................................................................................................................................ 99

......................................................................................................................................................................... 111

7

-
. , -
,
,
.
-
-
. ,
-
,
, -
.
-
-
, -
. ,
, ,
-
, : . . (19371939), . . -
- (1950), . - (1961), . ( -
1974), . . ( -
19741975) . . (2006, 6388
). , -
: G. Klaffenbach (1982, : 1989 2003), M. Guarducci (2008),
A. G. Woodhead (2009), L. Robert (1981, 1766 -
), G. Petzl (2001, 7485 ), W. Eck
9
 | 8 ..

(2001, 104125 ) A. Wilhelm

(2005). -
, ,
, W. Larfeld (1914), -
B. H. McLean (2002), -
. ,
L. Keppie
(1991) A. E. Cooley (2012),
.
-
-

, , ,
. , -

,1
, -
, , , -
, , .
-

, -
. , -
-
-
, ,
.
-
, -
, 84

1. . : http://ancdialects.greeklanguage.gr

10


.2 3
, -
-

,
-
. , -
. . 8 7 ..
4
, -
,

. , , -
-
.

, , -
,
,
,
.

, -
.

2. : http://
ancdialects.greeklanguage.gr/eisagogi
3. , : http://ancdialects.greeklanguage.gr/studies/
methoni-pierias-i
4. : http://ancdialects.
greeklanguage.gr/studies/ekpaideytiko-yliko-methoni-i-grammata-kai-haragmata

11


, 8 ..,
. Robert5 -
. , , ,
: , -
, , , , , -
.
McLean6 -
,
,
, , -
.
-

.7 , -
,
, , -
, -
, ,
.. .
, , .

5. Robert 1981, 18.

6. McLean 2002, 2.
7. McLean 2002, 22.

13
 | 8 ..

, -
, -
, . -
, ,
, -
. , -


, -
.

, ,
.
, ,

,
. , , ,
-
,
-
. -
, , ,
, -
, , -
-
. -
-
,

.
, , -
,
,

14


. , -
, -
.
,
, ,
, -
. , -
, , , , -

-
.
-
, -
, , ,

. , ,
, , , , -
,
,
, .

: , , , , -
, , , , , .
. ,
, -
,
. -
,
, -
,
-
.

15
 | 8 ..

: , -
, ... , -
, -
, . -
, ,
, , -
.

-
.
, . ,

, -
. -
. , , -

, -

. -
, -
, ,
.
-
,
. -
, -
.
, -
,
.
, , -
,
, , , -

16


, . ,
, ,
, , , ..
.
,
-
, -
,
. , , -

, -
.
-
-
, -
-
. ,

, , -
,
, , -
, , ,
,
. -
-
-
.
-


(in situ)
. ,
,

17
 | 8 ..

. ,
, ,
, -
. -
, , -
-
.
, -
,
. , -
-
.

-
, -
Louis Robert
.

18
 :

,
19 , , -
.8
, ,
,

. -
, -
. , -
, 19
20
, , -
, , -
, , ,
.
-
, -
.
5 4 .. , , -
, , , -

8. . - 1950, 2039,
- 1961, 1652, 1974, 618, Klaffenbach 1989, 2537 -
2001, 2425.

19
 | 8 ..

, .
-
. (
4 3 ..) -
. -
( ),
( ), (
), , , (
) (2 ..),
-
( ).9

, -
(2 ..), -
, -
.10
,

(6 ..).
(
) -
. -
, -
, , , ( 10 -
..), .
9 10
14 Nicol de Niccoli
. (Ciriaco de Piz-
zicolli, 15 ), ,

9. Montanari 2013, , , -
/ .
10. . Tzifopoulos 2013, 149165.

20
 :

antiquarius, .
, ,
, -
. 16
Martinus Smetius -
-
Janus
Gruter Joseph Scalliger. 17 -
-
,
Michel Fourmont.
O Francesco Scipione Marchese di Maffei 1732 -
, , -

. -
Jean Antoine Letronne
, -
(1842 1848).
, -
-
, Augustus Boeckh,
Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum (CIG,
) ( :
1828 1843 Boeckh, 1853 Johannes Franz, 1859 Ernst Curtius
Adolf Kirchhoff, 1887 Hermann Roehl indices/).

Kirchhoff Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum
( ) Corpus Inscriptionum Grae-
carum ( ) -
. Inscriptiones Graecae (IG, -
),
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff 1902: -

-

21
 | 8 ..

, , , -
. Wilamowitz
, , -

.
corpora/ -
.
, 19 20 ,
, -
Charles Thomas Newton,
Vasilii Latyshev, -
(Tituli Asiae Minoris,
TAM) , -
Margherita Guarducci (Inscriptiones Creticae, IC).
-
20 . -

(Kerameikos. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen)
(Inschriften von Olympia, IvO) -
(Fouilles de Delphes, tome III)
(Inscriptions de Dlos). -
(Agora) -
Hesperia ( 1939).

-

,
-
.11 Revue des tudes Grecques (REG)
(1888) Bulletin pigraphique Bernard

11. L'Anne pigraphique: http://www.

anneeepigraphique.msh-paris.fr/

22
 :

Haussoullier Thodore Reinach, Pierre Rous-

sel, Robert Flacelire, Jeanne Louis Robert .12
T Supplementun Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG, Leiden 1923) -
Jacob Johannes Hondius, Arthur Geof-
frey Woodhead, Ronald S. Stroud, Angelos Chaniotis, Rolf Tybout
.13 , 4 Kernos
1991 -
(Epigraphic Bulletin of Greek Religion, EBGR)
Angelos Chaniotis ,
-
.14
15
18
, -

(1829). 1834,

(1837), (17981863)
, -
( 4.158)
-
1837.
. L anci-
enne Athnes (1835) .
19
, ,
, 2.490
-
(1888) . 19

12. http://reg.u-bordeaux3.fr/index.php/aeg-avant-la-reg
13. http://www.brill.com/publications/online-resources/supplementum-epigraphicum-
graecum-online
14. http://kernos.revues.org/180?lang=en

23
 | 8 ..

, -
Boeckh, . -
-
, -
, ,
. 1883 -

, ,
, , , , -
, , .
(1885)
,
, -
.
, Habbo G. Lolling, , -
, , ,
-, . -
, , , -
. -
-
Inscriptiones Graecae
.

. -
,
. -
(18721881),
,
.
(195566). (19291966),
-.
O . , , -
(1985) -

24
 :

.
1989 -
Horos, 1982 -
, , -
.
-
Grammateion 2012, ,
( : ).
, 20
. 19
20 , -
. , -
-
, (
: , , , -
, , , -
, , , -
, , , -
: , -
-, -, ).
15

,
,
,
. , , ,
,
-
.
, -

15. 2001.

25
 | 8 ..

-. -
( -
: , -
: , , , -
, : , -
: , :
) -
, .
,
-

, -
( : -
, , , ,
, , , -
, , , , -
, , ).

().
-
. -

-
, -

.
-
, -
Princeton (IAS) -
Berkeley .
-
. -
, -

26
 :

, -
-
, ,
, ,

.

.

-
(corpora)
-
.
-
. -
-

.
, -

-
. -

, ,
, -
,
.

27


,16 ,
,
, -
, . , -
, , -
, , ,
,
, -
,
. , , -
, , -
-
. -
, -
. , -
, -
, -
-
.
, , , ,
, -
.

16. Woodhead 2009, 2426.

29
 | 8 ..

, -
(, , , , ). -
-
. ,
,
. Klaffenbach -
-
, -
.17 ,
, , , -
,

.
, -
, . , -
, -
. -
, -
-
,
.
,
, -
-
.
, -
, -
.

, -

17. Klaffenbach 1989, 1719.

30


, .
, -
-
, -
. -
,
, -
, .18 -

, , -
.
-
,
. -
. -
-
,

( ), -
, -
. , , -
, . -
, , -
, ,
,
. -
,
, ,
-
. , , , -
,

18. , -
, 340320 ..

31
 | 8 ..

-
.19

. ,
14 .. 7 .. -
.20
, -

,
, , , , -
.

.
, , -
.
-
,21 -
-
. ,
,
,
.

19. Bagnall (2009, xvii) -

, , , -
,
,
, , -
.
20. Guarducci 2008, 23.
21. (IC I.viii.4) -
,
,
. . Guarducci 2008, 132.

32


. , , , -
,
. -
22 -
.23
,
, : , -
, , -
, , -
. -
-
.24 -
,
, -
.

, -
, .
, ,
(.. , -
25)
, -
. , , -

22. (IG I3 1508)

,
, .
23. (20102013, 353 . 2) -
(SEG XL 541 SEG XLV 777)
, .
24. . Papadopoulos
1994.
25.
5 .. . Adiego et al. 2012. 910 .. -
. Sznycer 1979.

33
 | 8 ..

-
-
.


, 8 ..
4 ..
, 8
.. , -
-
. , .
-
,
,
(.. ). ,
, -
-
. , -
-
,26 , -
,
, -
.


. -
, ,
. -
, ,
-

26. .
Bandy 1970 Kiourtzian 2000.

34


, .27

,
.28 -
, -
, . (.. -
, , )
( , , ) -
,
,
. , -
-
.
, -
( , -
). , , -
,
-
.29

.
-
. ,
, -
. , -
- ,
, . -

27. Dillon (1997) .

28. Bagnall 2009, xvii.
29. Cooley 2012, 117118.

35
 | 8 ..

. , -

, ,
.
( ),
,
.
, -
. -
-
,
. -
-
-
,
.
(, -
, )
.
Woodhead30 -

-
. Guarducci31 -
: , ,
, -
, . -
, -
-
. -
-

30. Woodhead 2009, 2526.

31. Guarducci 2008, 24.

36


. -
,
, -
: -
. ,
,
,
.

(
) ,
,
-
, , . -
-

-
, ,

.

37

, ,
.
8 .. -
-
.
-
, , , -
-
:32 ( 2100 1600 .., -
), ( 1800 1450 ..,
)
( 1450 1200 ..,
, ). -
, -
( 15 10 ..)
( 8 4 ..). -
-
,
4 ..,
,
.
, -
-

32. Steele 20132014, 140146.

39
 | 8 ..

. -
, ,
.
, .
-
.

(.. ), (..
) , -
,
. -
-
, -
. ,
-
, -
.

, ,
-

. , -
, , -
: -
,33 ,34

33. , ,
. Duhoux 1982 2007, 247252. , . Haggis et al. 2011,
5758 . 42, , ,

.
34. (6 .. ) -
( )
. Brixhe 2006. Brixhe (4 -
..), , .

40


.35 -

.
-
, , -
. , -
, -
,
, ,
.
, ,
, , -
, -
.
-
,
36 -
. ,
,
.
Naveh37 22 -

1050 .. -
(1715 ..).
-
. -
, -

35. (6 ..) -

. Bonfante & Bonfante 2002, 6162.
36. Wilson (2009, 542549) (2014, 240248)
.
37. Naveh 1980, 2225.

41
 | 8 ..

. -
,
-
, -
, -
. -
8 ..

.

8 .. -
, ,
.
, ,
(5.58.13), -
-
, -
() ( ) -
. , -

(, )
5 .. , -
() -
(=).38

-
-
, ,

38. SEG XXVII 631: , , IC II.xii.11: [ ]. . Jeffery &

Morpurgo-Davies 1970,
2010, ()
.

42


.
-
.
(argumentum ex silen-
tio), 12
8 ..,
8 .. .

,
,
-
. -

12 .. -
,
, 11 10
..,
.39 10 ..
-
.
, , -
, -
.
,
-
8 .. Naveh40
-

11 .. -
, -

39. . 2014, 234239.

40. Naveh 2005, 175186.

43
 | 8 ..

.
11 .., Bernal,41 -
1400 .., ,
12 .. -
, -
.


, 9 ..,42 -
, -
, -
. -

, , , ,
, 8 .. , ,
, -

-
.

. -
-
-
. ,
,
-
,
, , -
, . -
,

41. Bernal 1987, 119.

42. Guarducci 2008, 4142 Janko 2015.

44


, ,
-

. , -
, , , , ,
, , , , -
.

10 ..
.
,

, - ,
-
.

,
.

, -
. -
, -
, -
. , , -
, . -
(, , , ), -
-
:43
-
(

43. Janko 2015, 78.

45
 | 8 ..

, , , , =
).

.
-
, ,
.44
-
, -
, 7 .. -
( +
), ( -
, , ).
, , -
-
, -
-
.45
. -

8 .., -
,
, , .
, -
8
4 .., .
-
. -

44. Papadopoulos (1994) (, ,

) . -
8 .. . , 307310.
45. Powell (1989, 321350)
. . Teodorsson 2006.

46


, ,
-
. -
,
, , -
, . -
, ,
,

.46
-
,
. Adolph Kirchhoff47 -
(, , )

: (-
: , , ) -
, (
: , , , , -
, , , .) (
: , , , , ,
, .) (-
, , , , , , -
, , , .). Margherita Guarducci -

. -

Lilian Jeffery

46. Luraghi (2010, 7273 88) -

.
47. Kirchhoff (1877) -
. . Guarducci 2008 Jeffery 1990.

47
 | 8 ..

.
Jeffery
. -
,
, Larfeld Guarducci48 -

. -
.
,

-
.
-
,
,
-
.
, ( aleph,
he, yod, ayin waw)

, .

-
. ,
. -


.


(.. , ,

48. Guarducci (2008, 110114)

5 ..

48


, F
).

.49 , waw (F)
, -
.
, -
-
.
shin (=) , tsade
(=) . samek ( ) -
,
. -
(, , ), ,
. ,

.
,
8 4 .. , -
-
.

-
.
-
: ( )
, , -
-
. 4 ..,
, ,

49. . Woodard 1997, 133139, Ruijgh 1998

Slings 1998. . Powell 1987.

49
 | 8 ..

( , ), -
, -
, -
. -

, .

, -
(403/2 ..). ,
, -
4
.. , -
, -
, -
. -


:50 ,
, -
,
.

(apices) .
-

-
: , -
,
, , -
(.. ),
. ,

50. .
McLean, 2002, 4044.

50


, -
, -
. 3 .. -


.51
, -
, .
, -
, ,
-
, .

.

. ,
. ,
(.. , ,
, ,
.) (.. ),
,
, -
. -
, , -
, -
. , -
, . -
-
. -
.
,

51. McLean 2002, 44 . 13, 14.

51
 | 8 ..

, -
, -
, .
-
: , -
. -
.

,
(.. , -
)
.
: .
, -
,
. , -
,
. ,
( ).
: (
~ +
).52 -
, , -
(.. , , , ), (.. , , , , ) ,
.
-
,
,
.

52. (5.17.6) ,

.

52


.. , ,
.
.
: , -
.
, -
.
-
4 .., .
-
.
,
.
,
-
.

: -
, -
( ). -
, .
,
-
.
6 3 .. -
, (
), , , , . -
-
, -
,53 -

53. McLean 2002, 45 . 19.

53
 | 8 ..

, -
.

: -
( ) .

:
.

: -
.

: ()
.

: , -
, ..
.

54
 :

-

, ,
.
-
, -
- . , -
,
, -
. , (
)
( ),
, ,
, , -
.
-
.54
: ,
, , , .
: , , -
, , , .

54. . Cook 1987, 2061.

55
 | 8 ..

: , , .. , ,
.
: .55
-
, , -
, .
, -
. -
, -

.
-
,56
-
. , -
,57
. -
-
, -
. , , -
, -
, .
-

55. . Amandry 1984, 370375.

56. Guarducci (2008, 318319 . VII) -
, .
57. (
169) .
Ulu Burun 1300 ..,
, . Papasavvas (2003, 7376:
, 76-83: -
). , . Cooley 2012, 7382
. 1.2123.

56
 :

,
, , , ..
.58
,
, ,
, -
,
. Robert59 -
, -
.
, -
(
' ) -
().60

, , , , -
.
, ,
( ),61
, -
.62
-
,

58. . Cooley 2012, 7375 . 1.21.

59. Robert 1981, 2425.
60. Davies (2011, 135)
,

.
61. . Aidoni & Tsouli 2001, 70 Pinney &
Hamilton 1982, -
. . 11.87.1.45 1 111.
62. IG II2 1514, col. II.1.79.

57
 | 8 ..

.63 , -
. -
,
. -
-
-
. -

,
,
.
, -
,
.
,
.
, -
, , -
.
, ,
,
. -
, -
.
, -
, , -
. -

.

63. McLean (2002, 514) -

. .
1955, 1958.

58
 :

-
. -
,
, , -
.

, -
( -
), ,
. -


(.. ~
). ,
64

, , -
(.. ), -
.
-
, .

.
(.. , , ) -
(.. , ) -
/ -
,
. ,
(
) -
. , ,
,
.

64. 2013, 279.

59
 | 8 ..

-
:

:65 .

, ,
.
, , -
. ,
, -
, , -
.

:66 -
. .

, ,
. -
,
-
. , -
,
.67

: .
, ,

65. incised , graffiti

engraved .
graffiti , , ,
, , , .
, 309 .
66. dipinto/dipinti.
67. Helly (1996, 7982) -
, ,
.

60
 :

-
. , -
, .

: -
,
,
. -

. -
. ,
-
.
-
.68

:
.
. -
.
, -
.

: -
. -
,
. -
, .69
, -

68. (2013, 279 282) -

-
.
69.
390380 .. . Cohen 2006, 141, . 37.

61
 | 8 ..

,
(inscriptiones caelatae). -

. , -
.

-
(.. , )
. , -
/
( , , -
-
).
70

.

,
, . -
,71
, , ,
. -
:
,
(: ~ ,
: ), -
(: , :
)

70. . Adam
1966. . 2006, 63.
71. Casson 1935 1937, Raubitschek 1951, Higgins & Pritchett 1965 Blagg 1976 -
.

62
 :

(: , , ).
, (), -
, .
,
(SEG XXXII
896), .
-
, -
, -
. -
,
, -
(4 7 ). -

.
-
-
.
, ..
, -
. -
, , -
,
.

.

,
: ( -
, ) -
, , -
,
-
.

63
 | 8 ..

, -
, -
. , -

, .
,
, ,
.
, -
-
. -

, ,

. -
. -
-
-, -
.
,
, .72 ,
, -
.73
,
-
.
. -
, , -
. -

72. McLean 2002, 9.

73. 1992, 398399.

64
 :

.
-
,
, -
.
(
) ,
, -
. -
, -
. -
-
.
, ,
, , -
-
.
.
, -

-
.

65


. -

-
, -
.
, -
. -
, -
, ( -
),
. , -
-
. 19
20

,
,
.
,
, ,
. -
, -
67
 | 8 ..

,
, , -
-
. -
, ,
, , -
, . , -
,
(
-
) -
. , -


,
. , ,
,
,
.
, -

, . -
, -
,
. , -
, -
, -
, , -
.

.
, -
,
, , -

68


. -
-
-
.

,
.
, -
-
, -
. -
-
, , , ,
-
.
-
-
. -
-
: , , -
,
, , , -
, -
, , -
, , -
(, , , ), -
, .
, -

.

69
 | 8 ..

,
,
,
. , -
, ,
,
.
:
,
. -
, -
, -
.
, -
.
:
.
, ,

.
:
, ,
, -

.
,
. ,
,
.
, RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging),
-

70


, ,
. , -
, -

. -
, , ,
.
Vindolanda, -
.
: -
. -
,
,
. ,
, .
, .
.
, -
, .
, -

. ,
, , -
, , -
. ( 45x60 .), -

, , -
.
, ,
, . -
-
,
.
,

71
 | 8 ..

. -
-
, , -
. ,
,
( ) , ,
. -

.
,
. , -

.
,
, -
, (
) . , ,
, , -
.
,
-
. -
, -
, , . , -


.

, .,74 .

74. Florida
,
, , : http://
www.digitalepigraphy.org/toolbox/

72


,
, .
, -
, -
. -
, ,
(.. ) ,
, ,
. -
. , -

. -
, -
-
. , -
-
.
,75
, -
, .

,
.
, -
, , -
, -
. , -

, -
.
. ,

75. . Woodhead 2009, 161.

73
 | 8 ..

, .

-
, , -
, .

.
, 8 .. 4
..,
, -
, , .. -
, -
-
. -
, -
, .

-

. , -
-
, , -
.
, -
.
-
.
,
,

74


-

.

,
-
,
corpora supplementa.
corpora ,
. -
corpus -
-
, , corpus -
-
. ,
,
.
corpus Inscriptiones Grae-
cae, , -
, Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum.
corpora -
.
,
(Inschriften von
Olympia) (Fouilles des Delphes, tome ).
, -
corpus, -
W. Peek, Griechische Vers-Inschriften.
, -
,
W. Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum (Syll. SIG), -
R. Meiggs and D. M. Lewis, Greek Historical
Inscriptions (GHI). , corpora ,
-

75
 | 8 ..

, -
-
. corpus -
.
supplementa -
corpora, -
, -

corpora, . supplementa
corpus -
, , -
-
. -
supplementa: Bulletin pigraphique (BE Bull.Ep.)
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG),
() -
.
,
PHI,76
, -
, , -
, .
supplementum corpus
, . ,
-
supplementa PHI,
-
, ,
(Guide de lpigraphiste),
.

76. The Packard Humanities Institute. Searchable Greek Inscriptions: http://epigraphy.

packhum.org/inscriptions/

76


, , -
-
, .
(.. , .) -
-
. -

-
, -
. ,

-
(.. ).
, corpora
supplementa,


. , Guide de
lpigraphiste .
-
. , -
, -
, ,

. -
,
,
,
. , -
,
.

, , -

77
 | 8 ..

, , -
, , , -
.

78

, ,
,
. -
, (
)
-
. -
-
: , -
, , -
, , , -
.
. -

, .
-
,
. -
, -
.

,
.
, ,
, -

79
 | 8 ..

/ . -
(.. -
, , , -
, )

(.. -
,
-
).
-
,
-
-
.
,
,
.
-
.

: ,
, , , ,
. ,
, , -
-
,

, , ,
.
-
.
,
. -

80


, (, , , ..) -
-
-
-
.
,

,
.
, -
. -
, ,
,
,
, . ,
-
-
-
.

-
,
, . -
-
-
.

:
, ,
.

81
 | 8 ..

: -

. ,
..
, , -
.
corpus SEG,
( , .. SEG 235).
,
.
, -
-
, ( , -
).

:
, (in situ). -
.

:
. -

.

: -
. , ,
, . -
, -
.

:
, , -
.

82


: , ,
, (.. ).
-
.

: -
, .

: -
, -
(rasurae),
, .

:
, ,
( ).

: -
, .

: , , -
.
(.. , ).

.

: -
(.. ) -
(
)
.
, , -
.

83
 | 8 ..

: -

,
.
. -
,
, -
. ,
. -

. -
-
-
,
.

: -
.

: ,
(ed. pr.=editio princeps) -
.

: -
, -
, -
(, , -
, , .), -
. , -
,
Jeffery 1990 (.. 1, 4)
Jeffery.

: ,
.

84


, , rasurae: -

.

:


, ,
,
, /
, , ,
.

:
, ,
, .

/: -
.

. -
, ,
, ,
-
. , -
, , -
.

. -
.
, ,

85
 | 8 ..

, ,
,
-
.



.
. -
, -
,

(terminus ante post).
-
,
-
. , -
, , -

.
-
, -
, -

.
,

-
, .
,
. -
, -
, , , -
, .

86


,


, , , -
. -
, ,

.

-
. -
,
.77
, -
, ,
. , -
, ,

. -
-

.
, ,
, , -
: , -
(
), ,
(.. , , -
) ( -

77. -
, , , , -
. Woodhead 2009, 117121 217235 Guarducci 2008, 514522.

87
 | 8 ..

, , , -
).
-

, -
, ,
, ,
, .

, , -
-
. -

, Jeffery
Stephen Tracy , -
-
.78
, ,
-
, -
. , -
, -
,
-
.
-
(, -
, /, )
.79

78. . Jeffery 1990

5 1 .. . Tracy 1990, 1995, 1996, 2003.
79. Cooley (2012, 433)
.

88


, -
. -
, ,
, -
,
. ,
, -
.

-
.
damnatio memoriae ( ),
-
.80 ,
-
, -
.
-

, , , .
. -
(, , ,
, , ),
( ..
).
. -
-

80. Keppie 1991, 2223.

89
 | 8 ..

. -
, Dow, .81 -
,
,
.82 -

.
.

-
,
.
, -
,
, ,
.
, Woodhead.83
,

-
. , -
-
, , -
, .
,

, , -
. -

81. Dow 1969, 20.

82. Cooley 2012, 436 Bagnall 2009, 31.
83. . Woodhead 2009,
145147 Dow 1969, 2123.

90


,
.
, -
, -
, ,
(
-
-

). -

,
.
-
, -
. -
, (.. ) ,
-

. ,
. -
-
(exempli gratia), ,
-
. ,
,
-
. -
, , -
. -
-
, -
, . -

91
 | 8 ..

,
, , .
-

,
. , -
, -
-
,
, -
. ,

,
,84 .

-
.
, ,
,
,

.

. -

.
, -

84. Badian 1989.

92


,
-
. , Leiden 1932
, -
. Leiden -
, ,
-
. , ,
, .85 ,
-
, -


.
-
,
.

= 3 5,
. Dow
, ,
(.. ) ,
, . ,
.

| = . ,
, ,
, -
.
-
. ,

85. Leiden . Dow 1969, 1417.

, Leiden -
. Cooley 2012, 351 . 42 352355.

93
 | 8 ..

(
). , -
.

[ ] = -
.
-
.

[] = .

[] [. . 5 . .] =
. .

[ ] = -
.

[ [[ ]] ] = (rasura),
.
-
.

= -

.

+ + + + . . . . =
.
-
.86

= ,
.
.

86. Dow 1969, 10.

94


= ,

.

= ,
. , -
. -

.
, -
. ,
, + + + . . .,
.

[[ ]] = (rasura)
(..
damnatio memoriae). -

. -
, .
,
.
. ,
, -
.
,

, .

[[]] = , .

[[ ] ] = , ,
, .

95
 | 8 ..

[[ [ ] ]] = -
.
-
.
<<>> =
.87 -
: <<>>,
<< > >, <<[]>>, <<[. . .]>>, <<[ca. 8 ]>>, <<[ ]>>.
{ } = ,
.88 -
, -
. { }
< >.
< > = -
, -
. /
-
. -

. Dow89 , -
(
),
.
() = , -
. , -
. Cooley (),
, (),

87. Cooley 2012, 353354.

88.
. Cooley 2012, 354.
89. Dow 1969, 11.

96


^
.90 , -
-
,
.91 ,
,
(
,
, , -
).92
vacat = , (.. -
, , -
,
...). vacat
,
. vac. vacat
vac. vacat -
( ,
).
v
vvv =
(
). -
1/2.
( v ).
vacat ca.10 =
vacat 10

.
[v] [vacat] [vacat 20] = , -
-

90. Cooley 2012, 352 355.

91. . Cooley 2012, 357360.
92. McLean 2002, 59.

97
 | 8 ..

. v v? -

.

:
( )
( )
( , , )
( .) -
. ,
(..
).
-
, .

= ,
( ).

=

.

- = -
( , -

, , ).

ed. pr. = editio princeps ( ) =

-
.

(!) = -
.

sic = ,
.

98

-
-

. -
, -
-
, .
,
-
/ -
, -
.
-
, ( -
), ( , ),
(
, .. -
), ( .. , -
), ( ..
).

,
, -
, . -

99
 | 8 ..

, ,
, .
, -
,
.
. -
()
-
.
,
, ,
. -
, , , ,
.
(tituli sacri)
(leges sacrae)
,
, , -
, , .. ( ,
, , -
, , , , , -
)
.

-

corpora, . ,
, -
,
.

100


(leges), (decreta)

.
,


. ,
,
, .93
-
-
. -
-

. ,
,
, .
, , -
(edictum). -
,
, .
-
, ,
.
-

, .

93. . van Effenterre & van

Effenterre 1994.

101
 | 8 ..

-
.
, -
- . -

: ,
, , -
, ,
,
.
, -
, -

.
()
,
, -
.
, -
, ,
:
( ` ` ` ` ` ~ `
` ), (), (-
) , -
()
()
(
) (-
) (' ~ ` ),


-
.

102


(tituli honorarii)
( -
) , -
( -
),
, . -
,
,
( ). Guarducci -
, -
, -
-
.94

(dedicationes), () (orationes), (ex-votos)

, , -
, . -

: , , , , -
, , , ,
.95 -
, ( )
(.. , ), -
-
( ). (ex-voto)
-

94. Guarducci 2008, 194207.

95. McLean 2002, 252 . 19, 20.

103
 | 8 ..

. -
(.. ,
,


, , ).
,
(.. )
. -
, -
-
-

.

(tituli sepulcrales)
-
, , , , ,
.
, .
,
, ,
.
, :
, ~ (~),
. -
-
. ,
-
, -
, .

(manumissiones)
-
.

104


, , ,
. McLean96
, -
, ( -
),
, -
, ,
.

-
, , , , , -
, , .
-
, ( -
) .
-
~ ( ),
, , , . -
-
,
-
.

,
, -
,
,

96. McLean 2002, 289299.

105
 | 8 ..

. ,
,
. McLean97


.

, , (horoi, miliaria)
98 ,
, , -
( ),
. -
' , -
, -
,
.
-
-
.
Cooley -
-
-
. -
/, -
,
(
(ilia) (lia)) -
, . , -

97. McLean 2002, 204205.

98. Cooley (2012) 159168.

106


( ) ,
.

- (rationes), , (catalogi)
, -
-
. -
(, , -
, ),
,
,
.
, , -
, , , , , ,
, . -
, , -
,
-
().
-

.99 -
, -
. -
, -
.

99. McLean 2002, 199.

107
 | 8 ..

,
, , -

, -
.

(, defixiones)
-
, ,
, -
.100

(varia)
: , -
, , , -
, , , -
, , ( -
, ), .

X (graffiti)

(graffiti), -
, , , , . -

100. Faraone & Obbink 1991, vvii.

108


(.. , ).

-
( + -
). , , -
, . , -
101 ,
.
, (nonsense inscrip-
tions102), -
, -
-
.

101. West 2015, 5271.

102. Immerwahr 2006. . Mayor
et al. 2014.

109

Adam, Sh. 1966. The Technique of Greek Sculpture in the Archaic and Classical Periods.
British School of Archaeology, Athens, Publications. : Thames & Hud-
son Ltd.
Adiego, I. J. et. al. 2012. Two Carian Inscriptions from Karabournaki/Thessaloniki, Greece.
Stephanphoros. De l conomie antique l Asie Mineure. Hommages Ray-
mond Descat, . K. Konuk, 195202. Bordeaux: Ausonius ditions.
Aidoni, S. & M. P. Tsouli. 2001. Ways of Writing and Arranging Texts. Bearers of Inscrip-
tions. Writing ethods and Tools. The Greek Script: Catalogue of an Exhibi-
tion of Copies, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, 6592. : -
.
, . 1974. : . -
. .
, . . 1937 & 1939. , . 12. : .
Badian, E. 1989. History from Square Brackets. ZPE 79:5970.
Bagnall, R. S. . 2009. The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. : Oxford Uni-
versity Press.
Bandy, A. C. 1970. The Greek Christian nscriptions of Crete. 1 ., 1 . -
. : .
Berard, F. et al., . 2000. Guide de lepigraphiste. Bibliographie choisie des pigraphies
antiques et mdivales. : ditions Rue d Ulm / Presses de lcole Normale
Suprieure.
Bernal, M. 1987. On the Transmission of the Alphabet to the Aegean before 1400 B.C.
BASOR 267:119.
Blagg, T. F. C. 1976. Tools and Techniques of the Roman Stonemason in Britain. Brittania
7:152172.
, . 2014. . .
: , . . . -
, 234239. : & -
[ ].

111
 | 8 ..

Bonfante, G. & L. Bonfante. 2002. The Etruscan Language. An Introduction. .

. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
, . 2014. . :
, . . . , 240248. 2
. . : & -
[ ].
Brixhe, C. 2006. Zn et Samothrace: lueurs sur la langue et nouveau chapitre de la
grammaire compare? CRAI 150:121146.
Casson, S. 1935. Early Greek Inscriptions on Metal: Some Notes. AJA 39:510517.
Casson, S. 1937. Note on the Use of Claw-chisel. AJA 41:107108.
Cohen, B. 2006. The Colors of Clay. Special Techniques in Athenian Vases. Los An-
geles, CA: The J. Paul Getty Museum.
Cook, B. F. 1987. Reading the Past. Greek Inscriptions. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA:
University of California Press.
Cooley, A. E. 2012. The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge: Cam-
bridge University Press.
Davies, G. 2011. Axones and kurbeis: A New Answer to an Old Problem. Historia
60:135.
Dillon, M. P. J. 1997. A Homeric Pun from Abu Simbel (Meiggs and Lewis 7A). ZPE
118:128130.
Dow, S. 1969. Conventions in Editing. A Suggested Reformulation of the Leiden Sys-
tem. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Duhoux, Y. 1982. L tocrtois. Les textes. La langue. Amsterdam: Gieben.
Duhoux, Y. 2007. Eteocretan. A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings
to Late Antiquity, . A.-F. Christidis, 247252. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Eck, W. 2001. . , 2 .,
, . F. Graf, .-. . . , 104125. : .
Faraone, C. A. & D. Obbink. 1991. Preface. Magika Hiera. Ancient Greek Magic
and Religion, . C. A. Faraone & D. Obbink, vvii. & -
: Oxford University Press.
Guarducci, M. 2008. . -
. . . . /
. , . , . . : .
Haggis, D. C. et al. 2011. Excavations in the Archaic Civic Buildings at Azoria in 2005-
2006. Hesperia 80:170.
Helly, B. 1996. .
( , 9 1994), . . . , 7490. :

112


, , -
.
Higgins, C. G. & W. K. Pritchett. 1965. Engraving echniques in Attic pigraprhy.
AJA 69:367371.
Immerwahr, H. R. 2006. Nonsense Inscriptions and Literacy. Kadmos 45:136172.
Janko, R. 2015. From Gabii and Gordion to Eretria and Methone. The Rise of the
Greek Alphabet. BICS 58:132.
Jeffery, L. H. & A. Morpurgo-Davies. 1970. and : BM 1969.4
2.1. A ew Archaic nscription from Crete. Kadmos 9:118154.
Jeffery, L. H. 1990. The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. A Study of the Origin of the
Greek Alphabet and its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth Centuries
B. C. . . A. W. Johnston. & -
: Clarendon Press.
Keppie, L. 1991. Understanding Roman Inscriptions. , MD: Johns Hop-
kins University Press.
Kiourtzian, G. 2000. Recueil des inscriptions grecques chrtiennes des Cyclades. De la
fin du IIIe au VIIe sicle aprs J.-C. : de Boccard.
Kirchhoff, A. 1877. Studien zur Geschichte des griechischen Alphabets. .
Klaffenbach, G. 1982, 1989, 2003. . . . . -
: .
, . . 1974-1975. : -
. .
, . 1992. .
. .
( 1987), 398413, . 8687. :.
, . 2010. : .
. , . . ,
323 . 16. : / -
.
, X. 2013. . . -
. Wilhelm Vollgraff. -
(
, 2528 2003), . D.
Mulliez, 275301. IV. : -
.
Larfeld, W. 1914. Griechische Epigraphik. .
Luraghi, . 2010. The Local Scripts from Nature to Culture. Class. Ant. 29:6891,
fig. 19.

113
 | 8 ..

, . . 2001. . , ,
30 2001. : , 2425. .
Mayor, A. et al. 2014. Making Sense of Nonsense Inscriptions Associated with Ama-
zons and Skythians on Athenian Vases. Hesperia 83:447493.
McLean, B. H. 2002. An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Ro-
man Periods from Alexander the Great down to the Reign of Constantine (323
B.C. A.D. 337). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
= . , . . & . . 2012.
: ,
.
. . . . : .
Montanari, F. 2013. . . . -
. : .
Naveh, J. 1980. The Greek Alphabet: New Evidence. The Biblical Archaeologist
43:2225.
Naveh, J. 2005. Early History of the Alphabet. An Introduction to West Semitic Epig-
raphy and Palaeography. Skokie, IL: Varda Books.
, . . 19551958.
, . .,
1994. : .
-, . . 1950. .
. .
Papadopoulos, J. K. 1994. Early Iron Age Potters Marks in the Aegean. Hesperia
63:437507.
-, . 1961. .
.
Petzl, G. 2001. . , 1 . ,
. H. G. Nesselrath, . , . , . . , . ,
. , . , . , 7485. : .
, . . 2006. .
: .
Pinney, G. F. & R. Hamilton. 1982. Secret Ballot. AJA 86:581584.
Powell, B. B. 1987. The Origin of the Puzzling Supplementals . TAPA 117:120.
Powell, B. B. 1989. Why Was the Greek Alphabet Invented? The Epigraphical Evi-
dence. Class. Ant. 8:321350.
Raubitschek, A. E. 1951. The Mechanical Engraving of Circular Letters. AJA 55:343
344.

114


Robert, L. 1981. . Encyclopdie de la Pliade. ,

. Ch. Samaran, 2 ., , 2o .,
. . , 1766. .
Ruijgh, C. J. 1998. Sur la date de la cration de lalphabet grec. Mnemosyne 51:658687.
Slings, S. R. 1998. Tsade- and He- : Two Problems in the Early History of the Greek
Alphabet. Mnemosyne 51:641657.
Steele, Ph. 20132014. Greek Writing Systems. Encyclopedia of Greek Language
and Linguistics, . G. K. Giannakis et al., 140146. Leiden: Brill.
Sznycer, M. 1979. Linscription phnicienne de Tekke, prs de Knossos. Kadmos 18: 8993.
Teodorsson, S. T. 2006. Eastern Literacy, Greek Alphabet, and Homer. Mnemosyne
59:161187.
Tracy, S. V. 1990. Attic Letter-cutters of 229 to 86 B.C. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA:
University of California Press.
Tracy, S. V. 1995. Athenian Democracy in Transition: Attic Letter-cutters of 340 to
290 B.C. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Tracy, S. V. 1996. Athenian Letter-cutters and Lettering on Stone in 5th to 1st Centu-
ries B.C. Greek Letters from Tablet to Pixels, . M. S. Macrakis, 4353.
New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press.
Tracy, S. V. 2003. Athens and Macedon. Attic Letter-cutters of 300 to 229 B.C. Berke-
ley & Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
, . . 20102013. , . Horos
2225:351356.
Tzifopoulos, Y. Z. 2013. Inscriptions as Literature in Pausanias' Exegesis of Hellas.
Inscriptions and Their Uses in Greek and Latin Literature, . P. Liddel & P.
Low, 149-165. : Oxford University Press.
van Effenterre, H. & M. van Effenterre. 1994. E ' crire sur les murs. Rechtskodifi-
zierung und soziale Normen im interkulturellen Vergleigh, . H. J. Gehrke,
8796. Tbingen: Gunter Narr.
West III, W. C. 2015. Learning the Alphabet: Abecedaria and the Early Schools in
Greece. GRBS 55:5271.
Wilhelm, A. 2005. . . . . .
: .
Wilson, J. P. 2009. Literacy. A Companion to Archaic Greece, . K. A. Raaf-
laub & H. van Wees, 549563. & Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Woodard, R. D. 1997. Greek Writing from Knossos to Homer. A Linguistic Inter-
pretation of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and the Continuity of Ancient
Greek Literacy. & : Oxford University Press.
Woodhead, A. G. 2009. . . .
. . . . . . : .

115
 ,

(EFNIL)
(ALTE)

8 .. .

,
8 ..

.



. ,
.
: , ,
.

2015