AP Chemistry Take Home Test

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following. Dont forget
diatomic elements! (2 marks each = 24 marks)
A. Aluminum metal reacts with bromine to form aluminum bromide
2Al + 3Br2 -> 2AlBr3
B. Hydrochloric acid neutralizes aluminum hydroxide to form water &
aluminum chloride
3HCl + Al(OH)3 -> 3H20 + AlCl3
C. Hexane (C6H14) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and
water
2C6H14 + 19O2 -> 12 CO2 +14H2O
D. Butanol (C4H9OH) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and
water
C4H9OH + 6O2 -> 5H2O

2. Complete, balance and classify the following equations as synthesis(S),

decomposition(D),single replacement(SR), double replacement(DR), neutralization(N)
or combustion(C).
A. Ca + Zn(NO3)2 -> Zn + Ca(NO3)2 RXN Type: SR

B. C2H6 + O2 -> 4CO2 + GH2O RXN Type: C

C. Na2SO4 + Ca(NO3)2 -> 2NaNO3 + CaSO4 RXN Type: Double

Replacement

D. HgHPO4 -> 2 RXN Type:

E. Fe(NO3)2 + Na3PO4 RXN Type:

F. Al + H2SO4 RXN Type:

G. BeSO4 + AgNO3 RXN Type:

3. Determine the oxidation number of each element in the following formulas:

A. H2O2

B. K3PO4

C. Fe2(C2O4)3

D. N2O5
 E. FeNH4(SO4)2
4. Possible reactants and products for oxidation-reduction reactions are given
below. In each case, determine the oxidation numbers to tell whether an oxidation or a
reduction has occurred and, if so, how many electrons were lost or gained from the
starting material.
A. Cr2O7 2- to CrO4 2-

B. C2O4 2- to CO2

C. BaCl2 to BaSO4

5. In each of the following unbalanced equations, identify the element that is

oxidized, the element that is reduced, and the changes in oxidation number.
A. O2 + N2H4 H2O2 + N2

B. XeO3 + I- Xe + I2

C. I2 + OCl- IO3 - + Cl-

6. Balance each of the following half-reactions in acid solution:

A. Fe(s) Fe3+

B. Cl2 Cl-

C. Cr3+ CrO4 2-

D. NO3- NO2

7. Balance each of the following skeleton redox reactions in the solution indicated:
A. Cu + NO3- NO2 + Cu2+

B. MnO2 + ClO3 - MnO4- + Cl- (basic solution)

8. Calculate the value of H for the following reaction:

 P4O10(s) + 6PCl5(g) ---> 10Cl3PO(g)
using the following four equations:
A. P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) ---> 4PCl3(g) H = -1225.6 kJ
B. P4(s) + 5O2(g) ---> P4O10(s) H = -2967.3 kJ
C. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ---> PCl5(g) H = -84.2 kJ
D. PCl3(g) + (1/2)O2(g) ---> Cl3PO(g) H = -285.7 kJ

9. Calculate the reaction enthalpy for the formation of anhydrous aluminum

chloride:
2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) ---> 2AlCl3(s)
from the following data:
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ---> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2 (g) H = -1049 kJ
HCl(g) ---> HCl(aq) H = -74.8 kJ
H2(g) + Cl2(g) ---> 2HCl (g) H = -185 kJ
AlCl3(s) ---> AlCl3(aq) H = -323 kJ

Bond Energy
 10. Estimate the enthalpy change ( Hrxn) of the following reactions using the bond
energies above.
A. H-H + Cl-Cl H-Cl + H-Cl

H H H H
B. C=C + F-F H-C-C-H
H H H H

11. Draw Lewis structures for reactants and products. Estimate the enthalpy change
( Hrxn) for the reactions using bond energies.

A. H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g)

B. 2H2O2(g) 2H2O(g) + O2(g)

C. CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)

 12. The following is a list of specific heat capacities for a few metals.
Ccopper = 0.386
Ciron = 0.444
Csilver = 0.240
Caluminum = 0.900
A 50g sample of an unknown metal is heated with 800 joules. If the temperature of the
metal increases by 41.6oC, what is the identity of the unknown metal?
A. Silver
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Aluminum

13. In which instance would a bomb calorimeter be more useful than a coffee-cup
calorimeter?
A. When measuring the mass of a substance
B. When measuring the heat capacity of a solid
C. When measuring the specific heat of water vapor
D. None of the above

14. How much heat does it take to heat 100g of ice at 0 oC to boiling point?
Cice = 2.1 J/goC
Cwater = 4.2J/goC
Hvap = 226 J/g
Hfus = 334 J/g

A. 75.4 kJ
B. 55.4 kJ
C. 42 kJ
D. 300.5 kJ
E. 33.4 kJ

15. Which is true if H = -95 J?

A. Both the system and the surroundings are gaining 95J.
B. Both the system and the surroundings are losing 95J.
C. The system is gaining 95J, while the surroundings are losing 95J.
D. The system is losing 95J, while the surroundings are gaining 95J.
E. The system is losing -95J, while the surroundings are gaining 95J.

16. What is the energy change of the system if a chemical reaction transfers 32.146
kJ of heat to the surroundings while it causes the expansion of a 1.465 liter vessel to
3.687 liters against a pressure of 3.64 atmospheres?
 17. 14.0g of metal at 24.0oC has 250 joules of heat added to it. The metals specific
heat is 0.105 J/goC. What is the final temperature?

18. A 75.0g sample of a metal is heated by adding 450 J of heat. Its temperature
increased from 22.0oC to 37.0oC. What is the molar mass of the metal?

19. Use the following reaction: C4H9OH + NaBr + H2SO4 C4H9Br + NaHSO4 +
H2O If 15.0 g of C4H9OH react with 22.4 g of NaBr and 32.7 g of H2SO4 to yield 17.1 g of
C4H9Br, what is the percent yield of this reaction?

20. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is made by a combining Si and nitrogen gas (N 2) at a high
temperature. How much (in g) Si is needed to react with an excess of nitrogen gas to
prepare 125 g of silicon nitride if the percent yield of the reaction is 95.0%?

21. Consider the reaction of magnesium hydroxide with phosphoric acid.

3Mg(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Mg3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
 A. Calculate the mass of Mg3(PO4)2 that will be formed (assuming a
100% yield) from the reaction of 15.0 g of 92.5% Mg(OH)2 with an excess of
H3PO4.
B. Calculate the mass of 88.5% Mg(OH)2 needed to make 127 g of
Mg3(PO4)2, assuming a 100% yield.
C. Calculate the percent purity of a sample of Mg(OH)2 if titration of
2.568 g of the sample required 38.45 mL of 0.6695 M H3PO4.