BEYOND 3G

Maheshwari.S.M
USN: 2KA07EC020
Electronics and communications,6th sem
SKSVMACET,Laxmeshwar
Mail_id: seek.mahi7@gmail.com

Reshma.R.M
USN: 2KA07EC030
Electronics and communications,6th sem
SKSVMACET,Laxmeshwar
Mail_id: dreamrashu@gmail.com

Abstract: Today we are in the wireless world and is one of the most
talked about topics with a new technologies being developed so
frequently. The need to stay ahead is the competition and create
device which line upto the needs and requirements of the new age
generation is challenge that lies ahead. As with all technology
progressions, the next upgrades must be in planning and
development phases while its predecessors are being deployed.
This statement holds true with all mobile telecommunications to
date. It seems that it will also hold true for the next generations of
wireless networks. The evolving of wireless technology is about
100 million units. Third-generation mobile technology has arrived,
duly accompanied by a barrage of hype. But the industry is already
casting its eyes forward to the next big things 4G and 5G. Peoples
are not increasing there mobile phones for communication but
also for the entertainment, internet surfing, to improve business
activities,and most highlighted one is education.The technology
miracles of multimedia are all set to overhelm mobile phone users.
3G is a standard, common consensus with the features, developed
and innovated by researchers and developers. Multimedia
messaging seems to be the one promising application that could
pay back the expensive 3G licenses mobile operators have
purchased, but what gives a definition and overview of 4G and 5G
Wireless.The question is that 3G is not fully arrived yet; why
people begin the discussion of 4G and even 5G. Is 4G and 5G are
the evolution or revolution from 3G? There is no such thing as
4G; theres just whats beyond 3G,
Keywords:<1> WCDMA: Wide-band Code-Division Multiple
Access, a 3G technology that increases data transmission rates in
GSM systems by using the CDMA air interface instead of TDMA.
WCDMA is based on CDMA and is the technology used in UMTS,
<2> WLAN:Wireless Local-Area Network. A type of local-area
network that uses high frequency radio waves rather than wires to
communicate between nodes,
<3> GPS: Global Positioning System, a worldwide MEO satellite
navigational system formed by 24 satellites orbiting the Earth and
their corresponding receives on the Earth,
<4> Broadband: A type of data transmission in which a single
medium (wire) can carry several channels at once. Cable TV, for
example, uses
broadband transmission. In contrast, base-band transmission
allows
only one signal at a time,
<5> GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
<6> GPRS: General Packet Radio Service, a standard for wireless
communications which runs at speeds up to 115Kbps, compared
with current GSM systems 9.6Kbps. GPRS, which supports a wide
range of bandwidths, is an efficient use of limited bandwidth and is
particularly suited for sending and receiving small bursts of data,
such as email and web browsing, as well as large volumes of data,
<7> ITU: International Telecommunication Union, an international
organization through which public and private organizations
develop Telecommunications,
.<8>TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access, a technology for
delivering digital wireless service using time-division multiplexing
(TDM). TDMA works by dividing a radio frequency into time slots
and then allocating slots to multiple calls. In this way, a single
frequency can support multiple, simultaneous data channels.
TDMA is used by the GSM digital cellular system,
<9>IP :Internet Protocol,
<10>LAN: Local Area Network,
<11>MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output,
<12>NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone,
<13>OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,
<14>IMT-2000: The International Mobile Telecommunications-
2000 third generation wireless standard.
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the world of next generation wireless network where high
speed broadband mobility meets the internet. Before discussing the
deeper technical concepts, we want to show you how 5G develop from
1G. The first generation, 1G wireless mobile communication systems,
was introduced in the early 1980s and completed in the early 1990s. 1G
wireless was analog and supported the first generation of analog cell
phones with the speeds up to 2.4kbps. The second generation, 2G
system, fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s, was
planned mainly for voice transmission with digital signal and the
speeds up to 64kbps. The third generation, 3G wireless system, was
developed in the late 1990s and might be well-done in the late 2000s.
3G is not only provided the transmission speeds from 125kbps to
2Mbps, but also included many services, such as global roaming,
superior voice quality and data always addon. The fourth generation
(4G) is a conceptual framework and a discussion point to address future
needs of a high speed wireless network that can transmit multimedia
and data to and interface with wire-line backbone network perfectly just
raised in 2002. The speeds of 4G can theoretically be promised up to
1Gbps. The beyond will be 5G with incredible transmission speed with
no limitation for access and zone size. IPv6 is a basic protocol for
running on both 4G and 5G, which works on single bandwidth of
4G. The 5th wireless mobile internet network is a completed wireless
communication with almost no limitation .
f Radio advancements of 3G are classified as antenna
ig 1: Time-Line of Generations
1. 3G ADVANCING SOFTLY AND SLOWLY, WITH
NO BELLS AND WHISTLES.
From the very start 3G was an emotionally charged issue,
Consumers themselves are accustomed to separate networks for voice
and data, sneakernet for multi-PC households, separate cable TV
networks, utility networks, security systems and more. In short, the
residential services proposition is still scattershot. Without an integrated
concept for home networking ideally, a single solution that would
offer ready access to multiple services at a cost savings, that provides
fast speed and reliability the home services market will remain
contentious. There is a solution today that could change the face of
residential networks: third-generation (3G) wireless technology. Also
referred to as IMT-2000, 3GPP, and UMTS
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) defined
the third generation (3G) of mobile telephony standards IMT-2000
to facilitate growth, increase bandwidth, and to harness the full power
of the Internet through efficient high-speed radio transmission and
support more diverse applications. For example, GSM could deliver not
only voice, but also circuit-switched data at speeds up to 14.4 Kbps.
But to support mobile multimedia applications, 3G had to deliver
packet-switched data with better spectral efficiency, at far greater
speeds. 3G will work with IPv6, the new version of the Internet
protocol, whose main feature is a larger address space that permits
many more Internet addresses than IPv4. This will be criticalas the
number of devices with Internet addresses skyrockets.
Fixed wireless 3G is a converged, multimedia-driven
technology that surpasses early concepts of wireless local loop which
relied principally on RF and line-of-sight connections to deliver basic
POTS and narrowband data (mostly to under-served or sparsely
populated areas). In fixed mode, 3G utilizes a point-to-multipoint
network architecture that can transmit data and voice simultaneously at
high speeds across core wireless infrastructure. Potential applications
for 3G fixed services include SOHO, business and home networking
which creates a high-speed interface/gateway between an in-building
network of networks (e.g., wireless interworking of telephony, data,
video, home energy monitoring, and security networks) and the outside
world e.g.,the Internet and the PSTN A 3G network, though requiring
a wider spread of bandwidth than conventional 2G technologies, uses
spectrum more efficiently. In the case of wideband CDMA, the
technology takes advantage of voice quiet periods to boost
communications capacity. No single user is assigned a particular
channel (as in analog wireless); conversations are encoded and
reassembled at the receiver site, so that the full spread of bandwidth is
utilized. In effect, any user can gain access to the entire channel that is
thought of as a shared radio resource. 3G fixed wireless is also sparing
in the use of frequency; in other words, it is spectrally efficient . A 3G
fixed system allows for oneto- one spectrum reuse; which means that
multiple base stations and multiple sectors within a base station can
operate on the same frequency. This contrasts with cellular networks,
which must be carefully designed today so that adjacent cells do not
operate on the same frequency. Since this issue does not arise with 3G,
network planning is much simpler. In the case of wideband CDMA, cell
splitting and sectorization are also both enhanced by W-CDMAs ability
to cope with the resulting signal overlap and interference. This helps
improve signal penetration and increases the level of noise immunity.
techniques or coding/modulation schemes. Several new radio
techniques are employed to achieve high rates and low latencies. They
include Space Division Multiplexing via Multiple Input/Multiple
Output (MIMO), Space Time Coding (STC) using higher order of
modulation and encoding schemes, sophisticated beam forming and
beam directionality control, and inter-cell interference mitigation. Of
these, MIMO and beam forming are advanced antenna technologies.
Essentially, MIMO creates multiple channels to carry user information,
leading to higher capacity. It is analogous to Wave Division
Multiplexing (WDM) used in fiber optic networks. Beam-forming
techniques temporarily improve gain and offer higher capacity.
Properties of a beam are tuned or customized for a subscriber to
achieve this capability for a limited duration. Some vendors have
combined the two techniques to offer a beam-forming MIMO
architecture that provides additional gain by steering grouped signals to
a CPE on the network, beneficial especially at the edge of the cell.
Coding and modulation techniques improve the number of bits
transmitted per Hz of available bandwidth via turbo codes and/or higher
order QAM. These techniques lead to higher capacity as required by
advanced networks. Additionally, techniques that reduce interference
are also used to further boost the capacity.
1.1 FEATURES
a.Data rates: While stating in commentary that "it is expected that
IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate
of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348 kbit/s in a moving
vehicle, the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average
rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are
sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband data
. ANYTIME ANYWHERE
b. Security:3G networks offer a greater degree of security than 2G
predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the
network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the
intended one and not an impersonator. In addition to the 3G network
infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application
frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G
property.
1.2 Applications:The bandwidth and location information available to
3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile
phone users. Some of the applications are
Fig 2:applications of 4g
Mobile TV - a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the
subscriber's phone where it can be watched
Video on demand - a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
Video conferencing - subscribers can see as well as talk to each other
Tele-medicine - a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the
potentially isolated subscriber.
Location-based services - a provider sends localized weather or traffic
conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find
nearby businesses or friends.
1.3Various risks for 3G business
_ attacks on the integrity of data exchange
tapping into mailboxes or using telephone services at
someone elses expense
_ electromagnetic pollution may be harmful to health
telcos should communicate potential health risks and the
counter-measures taken
_ political intervention
_ low acceptance and limited willingness to pay
value-added mobile services failed
besides ringtones, games, gambling
There are many complex and interdependent moving parts that
must work together before a standard definition of 4G is solidified. The
benefits to service providers and end users drive the adoption of 3G
services that, in turn, lead to the demand for even more advanced
services.
2. 4G
4G A MAGIC
Mobile Multimedia Communication
Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Service
Fig 3: 4G mobiles having two touchscreens
4G services combine high speed mobile access with IP based
services. But this doesnt just mean fast mobile connections to www.
Rather whole new ways to communicate, access information conduct
business, learn and to be entertained. 4G's goal is to "replace the current
proliferation of core cellular networks with a single worldwide cellular
core network standard based on IP (Internet protocol) for control, video,
packet data, and Voice over IP (VoIP)."4G is mainly about high rate of
data transmission and gives the user facility of anytime, anywhere
access to internet. 4G's flexibility will allow the integration of several
different LAN and WAN technologies. 4G is viewed by many as a
communications technology that will allow one device to roam
seamlessly over several different wireless technologies, arguments over
the fine detail of what constitutes 4G continue to rage.
2.1 OPERATION
:OFDM:One of 4G's technology drivers is orthogonal frequency
division Multiplexing (OFDM). Patented over thirty years ago, only
recently has OFDM gained widespread use. OFDM, a form of multi-
carrier modulation, works by dividing the data stream for transmission
at a bandwidth B into N multiple and parallel bit streams, spaced B/N
apart (Figure 4). Bandwidth and decreased inter-channel interference.
Each of the parallel bit streams has a much lower bit rate than the
original bit stream, but their summation can provide very high data
rates.N orthogonal sub-carriers modulate the parallel bit streams, which
are then summed prior to transmission. An OFDM transmitter accepts
data from an IP network, converting and encoding the data prior to
modulation. An IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) transforms the
OFDM signal into an IF analog signal, which is sent to the RF
transceiver. The receiver circuit reconstructs the data by reversing this
process. With orthogonal sub carriers, the receiver can separate and
process each sub carrier without interference from other sub-carriers.
More impervious to fading and multi-path delays than other wireless
transmission techniques, ODFM provides better link and
communication quality. 4G's error-correction will most likely use some
type ofconcatenated coding and will provide multiple Quality of
Service (QoS) levels. Forward error-correction (FEC) coding adds
redundancy to a transmitted message through encoding prior to
transmission. The advantages of concatenated coding (Viterbi/Reed-
Solomon) over convolutional coding) are enhanced system
performance through the combining of (Viterbi two or more constituent
codes (such as a Reed-Solomon and a convolutional code) into one
concatenated code. The combination can improve error correction or
combine error correction with error detection (useful, for example, for
implementing an Automatic Repeat Request if an error is found). FEC
using concatenated coding allows a communications system to send
larger block sizes while reducing bit-error rates. Fourth generation
phones should be 50 times faster than third generation systems and
capable of providing video and three dimensional images. You will be
able to have the experience of sitting in the stadium at the Olympics
and really feeling you are there. Phone systems of the fourth generation
should become available in 2011 and deliver an internet connection
speed of 100 megabits per second.
Fig4: OFDM modulation provides efficient
2.2 EXPANDED 4G FEATURE SET
Although not yet defined, some of the expected features in a 4G
system include the following:
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet,
and other broadband services
High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
Seamless switching, and a variety of QoS-driven services
Better scheduling and call-admission-control techniques
Ad-hoc and multi-hop networks (the strict delay requirements of voice
make multi-hop network service a difficult problem)
Better spectral efficiency
Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since 4G
will be all-IP, look for 4G systems to be compatible with all common
network technologies, including 802.11, WCDMA, Bluetooth, and
Hyper-LAN)
An infrastructure to handle pre-existing 3G systems along with other
wireless technologies, some of which are currently under development.
2.2.1 . Error Correcting:
4Gs error correction will most likely use some type of concatenated
coding and will provide multiple Quality of Service (QoS) levels.
Forward error correction (FEC) coding adds redundancy to a
transmitted message through encoding prior to transmission. The
advantages of concatenated coding (Viterbi/ReedSolomon) over
convolutional coding (Viterbi) are enhanced system performance
through the combining of two or more constituent codes (such as a
ReedSolomon and a convolutional code) into one concatenated code.
The combination can improve error correction or combine error
correction with error detection (useful, for example, for implementing
an Automatic Repeat Request if an error is found). FEC using
concatenated coding allows a communications system to send larger
block sizes while reducing biterror rates.
2.2.2 4G NETWORK
A. Radio Network:
-A new air interface is needed for 4G.The 4G radio access network will
comprise a RNC (Radio network controller) and NODE B.
B. Radio Network Controller: -
The RNC will replace the base station controller. The RNC will include
support for connection to legacy systems and provide efficient packet
connection with core network (IP Core N/w) devices. The RNC
performs radio network control functions that include call
establishment and release, handover, radio resource management,
power control, diversity combining and soft handover.
C. Node:-
A node is equivalent to base station in 2G network but also incorporates
support for the air interfaces.
D.Core Network: -
The 4G network will be an evolution from GPRS (entirely packed
switched networks, as stated earlier). A new piece of network
infrastructure for 4G is media Gateways (Gateway) that resides at the
boundary between networks to process end user data such as voice
coding and decoding, convert protocols and map quality of service
(QOS).The connectivity layer also provides access to backbone
switches and nonmobile networks such as Cable television 4G Wireless
Technology for Mobile Systems
E. Backbone Network: -
The radio network will be connected to the core network allowing wide
band access and interconnection of subscribers. The 4G backbone
network can use any transport technology but it is certain to be based
on packet technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
and Internet Protocol (IP). The backbone network is built as a mesh of
IP routing or ATM switching nodes interconnected by point to point
links. Technologies such as IP over ATM may be used that uses ATM
switching to multiplex IP traffic .This IP over ATM architecture
supports voice traffic alongside IP. Many vendors prefer a Pure end
to end IP approach whereas others prefer ATM/IP hybrid to guarantee
quality of service.
A 4G wireless system offering high-speed transmission of large-
capacity data requires a bandwidth of approximately 100 MHz. When
using a channel with such a broad bandwidth, however, transmission
quality can be impaired by multi-path, the occurrence of a large number
of secondary signals reflected off buildings, mountains and other
surrounding objects. Companies suppose experimental 4G system will
be employing orthogonal frequency code division multiplexing
(OFCDM) technologies to mitigate the impact of severe multi-path
interference and thereby achieve a broad bandwidth, large-capacity
wireless system available on a nationwide basis. In the forward
direction (multiplexing) it substitutes orthogonal sine waves for the
Walsh functions of CDMA. In the reverse direction (multiple access) it
has characteristics of both FDMA and spread spectrum.
OFDM is significantly less sensitive to inter-symbol interference,
because a special set of signals is used to build the composite
transmitted signal. The basic idea is that each bit occupies a frequency-
time window which ensures little or no distortion of the waveform. In
practice, it means that bits are transmitted in parallel over a number of
frequency-nonselective channels.
Figure 2: OFDM WAVE
F. Quality of Service Challenges
In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of
the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and
service availability (e.g., 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of
99.99%). Supporting QOS in 4G networks will be a major challenge.
When considering QOS, the major hurdles to overcome in 4G include:
varying rate channel characteristics, bandwidth allocations, fault
tolerance levels, and handoff support among heterogeneous wireless
networks. Fortunately, QOS support can occur at the packet,
transaction, circuit, and network levels. QOS will be able to be tweaked
at these different operating levels, making the network more flexible
and possibly more tolerant to QOS issues. Varying rate channel
characteristics refers to the fact that 4G applications will have varying
bandwidth and transition rate requirements. In order to provide solid
network access to support the anticipated 4G applications, the 4G
networks must be designed with both flexibility and scalability. Varying
rate channel characteristics must be considered to effectively meet user
demand and ensure efficient network management. Spectrum is a finite
resource. In current wireless systems, frequency licensing and efficient
spectrum management are key issues. In 4G systems, bandwidth
allocations may still be a concern. Another concern is interoperability
between the signaling techniques that are planned to be used in 4G
(e.g., 3xRTT, WCDMA). In comparison with current 2G and 2.5G
networks, 4G will have more fault tolerance capabilities built-in to
avoid unnecessary network failure, poor coverage, and dropped calls.
4G technology promises to enhance QOS by the use of better
diagnostic techniques and alarms tools. 4G will have better support of
roaming and handoffs across heterogeneous networks. Users, even in
todays wireless market, demand service transparency and roaming. 4G
may support interoperability between disparate network technologies
by using techniques such as LAS-CDMA signaling. Other solutions
such as software defined radios could also support roaming across
disparate network technologies in 4G systems. These major challenges
to QOS in 4G networks are currently being studied and solutions are
being developed. Developers believe that QOS in 4G will rival that of
any current 2G or 2.5G network. It is anticipated that the QOS in 4G
networks will closely approximate the QOS requirements in the
wireline environment (99.999% reliability).
2.3 4G DATA RATES
The International telecommunication has laid down (ITU) some
indicative minimum requirements for the data speeds that the IMT-2000
standards must support. These requirements are defined according to
the degree of mobility involved when the 4G call is being made. As
such, the data rates that will available over 4G depends upon the
environment the call is being made.
A .High Mobility
144 Kbps for rural outdoor mobile use this data rate is available for
environments in which the 4G user is travelling more than 120 kms
/hour in outdoor environments.
B.Full Mobility
384 Kbps for pedestrian users traveling less than 120 kms/hour in urban
outdoor environments.
C.Limited Mobility
At least 4 Mbps with low mobility (less than 10 kms /hour) in
stationary indoor and short range outdoor environments. These kinds of
maximum data rates that are often talked about when illustrating the
potential for 4G technology.
2.4 ISSUES
The first issue deals with optimal choice of access technology, or
how to be best connected. Given that a user may be offered
connectivity from more than one technology at any one time, one has to
consider how the terminal and an overlay network choose the radio
access technology suitable for services the user is accessing. There are
several network technologies available today, which can be viewed as
complementary. For example, WLAN is best suited for high datarate
indoor coverage. GPRS or UMTS, on the other hand, are best suited for
nation wide coverage and can be regarded as wide area networks,
providing a higher degree of mobility. Thus a user of the mobile
terminal or the network needs to make the optimal choice of radio
access technology among all those available. A handover algorithm
should both determine which network to connect to as well as when to
perform a handover between the different networks. Ideally, the
handover algorithm would assure that the best overall wireless link is
chosen. The network selection strategy should take into consideration
the type of application being run by the user at the time of handover.
This ensures stability as well as optimal bandwidth for interactive and
background services.
The second issue regards the design of a mobility enabled IP
networking architecture, which contains the functionality to deal with
mobility between access technologies. This includes fast, seamless
vertical (between heterogeneous technologies) handovers (IP micro
mobility), quality of service(QoS), security and accounting. Realtime
applications in the future will require fast/seamless handovers for
smooth operation.
Mobility in IPv6 is not optimized to take advantage of specific
mechanisms that may be deployed in different administrative domains.
Instead,IPv6 provides mobility in a manner that resembles only simple
portability. To enhance Mobility in IPv6, micromobility protocols
(such as Hawaii[5], Cellular IP[6] and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6[7])
have been developed for seamless handovers i.e. handovers that result
in minimal handover delay, minimal packet loss, and minimal loss of
communication state.
The third issue concerns the adaptation of multimedia transmission
across 4G networks. Indeed multimedia will be a main service feature
of 4G networks, and changing radio access networks may in particular
result in drastic changes in the network condition. Thus the framework
for multimedia transmission must be adaptive. In cellular networks
such as UMTS, users compete for scarce and expensive
bandwidth.Variable bit rate services provide a way to ensure service
provisioning at lower costs. In addition the radio environment has
dynamics that renders it difficult to provide a guaranteed network
service. This requires that the services are adaptive and robust against
varying radio conditions.High variations in the network Quality of
Service (QoS) leads to significant variations of the multimedia quality.
The result could sometimes be unacceptable to the users. Avoiding this
requires choosing an adaptive encoding framework for multimedia
transmission. The network should signal QoS variations to allow the
application to be aware in real time of the network conditions. User
interactions will help to ensure personalized adaptation of the
multimedia presentation.
2.5 .MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Features of mobility management in Ipv6:
- 128bit address space provides a sufficiently large number of addresses
- High quality support for real-time audio and video transmission,
short/bursty connections of web applications, peer-to-peer applications,
etc.
- Faster packet delivery, decreased cost of processing no header
checksum at each relay, fragmentation only at endpoints.
- Smooth handoff when the mobile host travels from one subnet to
another causing a change in its Care of Address.
2.6 Limitations of 4G
Although the concept of 4G communications shows much promise,
there are still limitations that must be addressed. One major limitation
is operating area. Although 2G networks are becoming more
ubiquitous, there are still many areas not served. Rural areas and many
buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing
wireless networks. This limitation of todays networks will carry over
into future generations of wireless systems. The hype that is being
created by 3G networks is giving the general public unrealistic
expectations of always on, always available, anywhere, anytime
communications. The public must realize that although high-speed data
communications will be delivered, it will not be equivalent to the wired
Internet at least not at first. If measures are not taken now to correct
perception issues, when 3G and later 4G services are deployed, there
may be agreat deal of disappointment associated with the deployment
of the technology, and perceptions could become negative. If this were
to happen, neither 3G nor 4G may realize its full potential. Another
limitation is cost. The equipment required to implement a
nextgeneration network is still very expensive. Carriers and providers
have to plan carefully to make sure that expenses are kept realistic. The
following evolution will based on 4G and completed its idea to form a
REAL wireless world. Thus, 5G should make an important difference
and add more services and benefit to the world over 4G; 5G should be a
more intelligent technology that interconnects the entire world without
limits.
3. 5G, THE TECHNOLOGY NEVER ENDS.
An old mans phone detects that it hasnt moved for more than 2 hours
during the mans regular waking hours. It isues an audible alarm, but no
response! So it emits a signal that triggers a RFID chip implanted inside
his body. The RFID chip responds by verifying the identity of the man
and also a brief burst of telemetry that indicates that he is experiencing
heart beat irregularities and his blood pressure is dangerously low. The
phone quickly sends an automated text message to a medical alarm
system, including not only the identity and the health data of the owner
but also the fact that the man is not in his own apartment but in a
reading room of a library. This is what we think of a Fifth Generation
world, also sometimes referred as the 5G world.The development of
the mobile phone device as a ubiquitous part of daily work and personal
life presents the opportunity to examine how technology drivers are
pushing for the integration of real life with mobile technology in future.
A few years ago, this kind of scenario would have sounded mindless,
but right now it just looks like the next advance in present mobile
technology. Our perception about what new technology is to come has
changed from being called science fiction to just being addressed as
not yet invented.
Fig5: futuristic 5G mobile.
At the data transfer rates of the earliest cellular phones on the so-called
1G network, our e-Bible could be downloaded in about 1.75 hours,
although no mobile device at that time could display or even store that
amount of data. On a present day 3G mobile network, the download
time drops to approximately 6 seconds. On a 4G network (anticipated
to be launched in 2010), that time drops to 0.06 seconds. What could be
the data rates and download speeds that we can expect for a 5G
technology which is still in the phase of conceptualization? Gene
Roddenberrys Star Trek writers hit upon a very valid fact that as
technology complexity increases, the ability to automate instructions
also increases. Star Trek gadgets reflect the actual path of interaction
between humans and technology. Just as we saw in the Old mans story,
with the flip of a dial or the push of a single button or just plain
automation, an entire complex automation may be invoked. And this is
what I expect from my Fifth Generation world A Star Trek. The
creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will
launch a new revolution in the way international cellular plans are
offered. The global mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just
around the corner, the newest 5G technology will hit the mobile market
with phones used in China being able to access and call locally phones
in Germany. Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile
phones will be used. With the emergence of cell phones which are
similar to a PDA you can now have your whole office within the phone.
AMAZING GADGETS !!!!
This is a futuristic 5G mobile phone. It uses the idea of cryptex. Opus
Dei has been needing a mobile phone to call their very own since the
demise of the Knights Templar. If only designer Mark Schomann was
catholic and lived 600 years ago, this baton style mobile phone might
have saved them from a Dan brown style disaster. You turn the dial of
every element to the desired cipher. Once you entered the number, you
turn the first segment to phone (Green LED). If you want to hang up
the call, you turn the first segment to hang up (Red LED). The phone
works without any buttons and without a display, like old dial phones.
CONCLUSION: As the customer becomes more and more aware of the
mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent package all
together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have.
Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the
leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. Recently
apple has produced shivers all around the electronic world by launching
its new handset, the iphone. Cell phones will give tough competitions
to laptop manufacturers and normal computer designers. Even today
there are phones with gigabytes of memory storage and the latest
operating systems. Thus one can say that with the current trends, the
industry has a real bright future if it can handle the best technologies
and can produce affordable handsets for its customers. Thus you will
get all your desires unleashed in the near future when these smart
phones take over the market

REFERENCES[1]Santhi,K.R. & Srivastava,V. K.& SenthilKumaran,

G.(Oct. 2003).Goals of True Broad bands Wireless Next Wave(4G-5G)
[2] Bates, CDMA 2000 for 3G and 4G Wireless Networks, McGraHill
[3]Eberspacher, Jorg Vogel, Hans Jorg , GSM switching services
protocol
[4]Harte , Lawrence & Levine , Richard & Kikta , 3G Wireless
Demystified
[5] Ramjee Prasad, Luis Munoz, WLANS and WPANS towards 4G
Wireless