Passed by: Dazo, Josef Edrick M SN:

20141109559

Date Preformed: Mar 11, 2016

Date Submitted: Mar 23, 2016
MATERIALS &EQUIPMENT:
PC and accessories
This is where the Unitrain Interface will attach to.
This will serve as the main computing module for
the whole setting of the experiment. This will
display all the Graphical data generated by the
Unitrain interface,

Unitrain-I interfaceSN:
S04203-2A
o The UniTrain-I Interface is the
central unit of the UniTrain-I
system. It incorporates all
inputs and outputs, switches,
power and signal sources and
measurement circuitry needed
to perform experiments.

Unitrain-I Experimenter (for Docking station) SN: S04203-

2B
o UniTrain-I Experimenter for coupling to the UniTrain-I Interface or to
other Experimenter modules.
Metrahit Multimeter (by Gossen Metrawatt)
The METRAHIT provides users with all the measuring functions of a
highly diverse Multimeter: convincing technology with all voltage,
resistance, current and temperature measuring ranges, and
additional measuring functions and automatic functions.
 Resolution: 6000 digits (3 6/7 place)
and analog bar graph
TRMS measurements VAC and IAC
Basic accuracy: 0.5% VDC
Patented automatic blocking sockets
(ABS)
Voltage: VDC 100 to 600 V and VAC
100 to 600 V
Current: IDC 10 to 10 A (16 A 30
sec.) and IAC 10 to 10 A (16 A 30
sec.)
Resistance: 100 mOhm to 40 MOhm
Temperature: -200.0 to +400.0 C, type K thermocouple
Frequency measurement: 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz
Continuity and diode testing
Min-Max measured value storage and DATA hold

Experiment Card DCCL No. 6(Series R-L and R-C

Circuit)
o The experiment card serves as the main circuit for the whole
experiment. Using the pre-fabricated card will ensure that no
other discrepancies will be present while measuring because the
circuits are isolated from each other.
SHUNTING RESISTORS, LEADS AND CONNECTION PLUGS
o The leads are used to connect various pins in the experiment
that are required to be shorted or plugged in.
EXTENSION CORD
o The extension cable is primarily used for plugging in devices that
are far from the wall outlet and also serves as additional plugs
for other devices that needs to be connect
GRAPH
Graph 7.1

COMPUTATION
 TABLE 7.1
1
C1 = =1.16 106
2 ( 500 ) ( 274.51 )
1 6
C2 = =1.03 10
2 ( 600 )( 257.67 )
1
C3 = =9.18 107
2 (700 )( 247.79 )
1 7
C 4= =8.24 10
2 ( 800 ) ( 241.379 )
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS

1.What relation can be drawn from the results of Run 1 in Table 7.1 regarding reactance Xc
and capacitance C?
a. The relation visible from the data collected shows that there seems to be a
direct relation between the value of capacitance and the value of reactance.
2.What generalization can be drawn from the plot of capacitive reactance and
frequency?
b. The plot shows that there is an inverse relationship between the two. As one
increases, the other decreases, forming a curve.
3. From the results of Run 2 in Table 7.2, how does the capacitance of the circuit
affected by the connection of more capacitors in the circuit?
c. As visible on the table, the capacitance values of the connected capacitors
increased. Suggesting that the connected capacitors have larger values
compared to the other capacitors.
4. In Run 2, how does the value of capacitance affect the value of capacitive
reactance?
 d. The capacitive reactance dropped as more capacitors are added in series.
5. Three capacitors having a capacitance of 88.42 pF are available. When one of these
capacitors is connected to a 240V, 60 Hz source
(a) compute for the current in the circuit,
(b) If a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the first one compute again for the
current in the circuit,
(c) If the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the first two, again compute for the
current in the circuit,
(d) Draw conclusions from the result of your computations.
I therefore conclude that increasing capacitance would lead to lesser
Reactance which causes greater current.

DISCUSSION
Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. A material

with a large capacitance holds more electric charge at a given voltage, than

one with low capacitance. Any object that can be electrically charged

exhibits capacitance. It is also known as a property of a device wherein it has

the ability to oppose a charge in voltage. Meaning, it holds back charges

from passin through the circuit but it only stores them and not completely

prohibits them

Capacitance in AC Circuits This charging current can be defined as: i = CdV/ dt.

Once the capacitor is fully-charged the capacitor blocks the flow of any more

electrons onto its plates as they have become saturated. However, if we apply an

alternating current or AC supply, the capacitor will alternately charge and discharge

at a rate determined by the frequency of the supply. Then the Capacitance in AC

circuits varies with frequency as the capacitor is being constantly charged and

discharged. We know that the flow of electrons onto the plates of a Capacitor is

directly proportional to the rate of change of the voltage across those plates. Then,

we can see that capacitors in AC circuits like to pass current when the voltage

across its plates is constantly changing with respect to time such as in AC signals,

but it does not like to pass current when the applied voltage is of a constant value

such as in DC signals. Consider the circuit below.

AC Capacitor Circuit
in the purely capacitive circuit above, the capacitor is connected directly across the
AC supply voltage. As the supply voltage increases and decreases, the capacitor
charges and discharges with respect to this change. We know that the charging
current is directly proportional to the rate of change of the voltage across the plates

On the conducted experiment, we have used various combinations of

capacitors

We also implied the scenarios when a given capacitor is subjected to

different frequencies. From 500 Hz to 1200 Hz. This while also observing the

values of the voltage and the current One factor of which is the

capacitor itself.

Different materials produce different

capacitive coefficients. Hence, different

materials produce different types of

capacitors. On the same time, these also

contribute to the variation of the capacitive reactance as the capacitance of

the device depends on it, so as the output of the capacitor can be altered

just by using different media. So as the distance between the two plates
 contribute to the capacitance of a devise, so as the fluid or material filling

the gap between the two plates. Different types give off different values and

different ratings can result to different output of the charge.

CONCLUSION
I therefore conclude that when capacitors are connected across a direct current DC
supply voltage they become charged to the value of the applied voltage,
Multiple factors affect Capacitive reactance such as the frequency of the AC
source and the Capacitance of the device itself. The specific relation between
F and XC is that they are inversely related. That is to say that when f
increases, XC decreases. In the case of C and XC , they are directly related as
when the C decreases, the XC also decreases.
We now know that the formula for finding the capacitive reactance of a
capacitor is:
 1
X c=
2 f C

REFERENCES:
http://www.lucas-nuelle.com/305/apg/1425/Products/UniTrain-I.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capac.html