\ } ' } Surface preparation ~ Tuesday Af Sal Suber Pres fe gp What is the title of the BS 7079? p M petite 1 a \ 01 \ 7 2, What ae the four characteristics ofan abrasive? 06 ,")r nSiby, Slap, iy" oil f 3° Why are blast hoses carbon impregnated? ()Vih\- Shere. (oye) rs 4 Name the gauge used for measuring pressure at the blast nozzle? [jee Lorie Well: are 5 Name four advantages of centrifugal basting over open blasting. “321 (My ssajin (een Beton 6 According to BS 7079 is it possible to blast clean to an A Sal? Yo Hick pasta York 7 Isthere any difference between an A Sal andB Sal? 93 Vi FA partar, Urls 8 Could you tell the difference between rust grades A and B blasted to Sa3? 'Y ¢ Ri; 9 Could you tell the difference between rust grades C and D blasted to $a37-|'sssible ony ig 10 What would be a typical speed of abrasives leaving a wheel abrator? 2 7 11 What is considered to be the most efficient blasting Pressure? bes 12 Whatis meant by the term “bumnishing"? Yr! Pali slag Ny 13 What would be the equivalent to St2 in the Sa grades? “9 2/1 14 What is the neutral figure on the pH scale?" 15 How is pH measured? Conretor 16 Why are inhibitors sometimes added to water in wet blasting? [se tnt s22¢\e~ 17 Name two typical areas where needle guns might be used? “18 What is the Duplex Process of surface preparation? 19 Which pH range covers acids? 20 Which pHrange covers alkalies?) J yy \ 0, , 21 Whatis the meaning of pH? Pe! eaten Fy ilry Dapacl sb Slurry Ose 22 Name three disadvantages of wet blasting, ~ Weil Censtabplea V8 po et iL 23. Name two areas ona structure where flame cleaning cannot be done. “ores |n baysjor, balk 2 24 Which three basic operations are performed during flame cleaning? ~ |: y eee aaa 25 How does BS 7079 define Flame Cleaning standards? - Ae. (= besiew Deby dlsoh 26 «What isa ‘Jasons Hammer’? Wicuclle Hen) Ane, Penelayl 27 What is meant by St2 and $37 Jy, Cicone and Cory thane 28 Two alloys are used to render wire brushes spark free, what are they? Pp} o5p.y [tom Prather 29 Why should ‘Bumishing’ be avoided? AHI) QUAIsi0~ be 1 30 Name two major disadvantages of using a needle gun.~ ‘ous h Pecilet, We» le Ieutiout 31 After phosphating, what would be a typical pH requirement prior to coating? f.5 {o "f-» 32 What is understood by the term ‘knock out pot”? Vapus “ap Dsain 33. If an operator was blasting with a nozzle pressure of 80 psi, What would be his approximate efficiency? “Fo /- 34 — Which solvents are commonly used for degreasing? ey [eh p ny 46°35. What isa ‘dead mans handle’? Kus) —be~—prseige) Dia ec) Canclea fl Conloef @ (pt 36 Why is carbon impregnated into blast hoses? oe lank 37 Hlowis abrasive cleansed in a wheel abrator system? BA (worl CliawA 38 What is the main disadvantage of high pressure jetting compared to other systems? LYS SL39 Name five methods of wet blasting fp Bove, shiow Mgt, Pos] byw pla , dhor( |e 40 What would be the typical temperature and concentration of Sulphufic Acid in the pickling process? P30 Dik ie | [fewel hy p. (va fer 41 Describe the ‘Duplex Process’, — ceils PS FSI O From 42 What would be a maximum pressure for high pressure water jetting? | scocce Pry 43. What are the disadvantages of wet blasting over dry blasting? Ve probly, Clark, faslny 44 Describe the phosphating process., eal 3 leew yf {yn wreaks oll Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 "TWI wor.p centre For Revision Questions 23.3 MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWI Lid TECHNOLOGYbeni & 45. What would be considered to be advantages of wet blasting over dry blasting? , us| Conde], 46 Why is the phosphating or chromating of steel done? / fehpeuty Pastuor ah esyeACY ‘ 47 What would be an acceptable remedy for burnished areas? < wi 4y (lu 48 Would burnishing be expected on areas of St2 preparation? We | [5 49 How many photographs of blast cleaning standards are shown in BS 7079 Pt A? 50 Do the plates shown in Bs 7079 Pt A relate to grit blasting or shot blasting? -_\ > Cy thy Painting Inspection Grade 3/2, Rev 1 April 2004 ‘WORLD CENTRE FOR Revision Questions 23.4 ‘MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWILtd ‘TECHNOLOGY20 What are the natural properties ofan Oi? = {ley ely Paint technology (1) - Wednesday 1 Name a third type of paint other than solvent free and solvent borne. Powel 2 Anepoxy resin would use which solvent? . uctow y . 3 ‘Name four or more advantages of Chlorinated Rubber paints. ~ Diag Rene Core flaucr 4 What are the three main disadvantages of Chlorinated Rubber paint? 5 Which solvent could be used with a Phenolic Resin? - Wwe Spat 6 Chlorinated Rubber paint would contain which solvent? 7 Would it be good practice to apply Chlorinated Rubber over Alkyd resin? 8 Which solvent would be used with an Alkyd Resin? : 9 How was the word Alkyd derive? ~ Awhel. Oude del \ 10 What is meant by opaque? - . olathe 11 Whats meant by vehicle? © COAATT OS Dial, fale Rest, Noo Would it be acceptable practice to apply an Alkyd over Chlorinated Rubber? “7 5 13 Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chlorinated Rubber over Phenolic? V° 14 Would it be acceptable practice to apply Phenolic Resin over Chlorinated Rubber? ¥25 ‘15 Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy over linseed oil base? No 16 Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chlorinated Rubber over Epoxy? "f 5 17 Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy Resin over Alkyd Resin? wo ‘What is another name for an un-pigmented paint? \/ easy, Lops 19 What are the natural properties ofa Resin? = Brie, Pad oh 21 How does paint using the barier principle work? _—|_¥ te a pep heg 22 How does paint using the passivation principle work? ~<__ ¥ by star al 3 How does paint using cathodic protection principle work? > 2, p steton Prop clectool 24 Give another name for solvent fee two packs. {cy,- St lohip b . 2530Name six properties ofa binder. — Dial, hd : Ola], 26 Name three natural resins used in paints..." * / a) 27 Name five natural oils used in paints, ~~~ C°pd4, ‘Damuss 28 What does olcoresinous mean? Mit Gil Oat na, Sopa, So tows , Chine ie 29 Name an Inorganic high temperature service binder. —" “1 Cov pup, ” Olea 30 Name two pigments likely to be used for high temperature serv ) ’) (as Ne bye Zine Chico, le \y wy) Ailton, Cosbon & Poly silotin Painting Inspection Grade 3/2, Rev I April 2004 TWI wont cave ror Revision Questions 235 MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd CZ) recxnovosyPaint technology (2) - Wednesday 1 By what name would you call the basic unit ofa polymer? thonoior. Toh, 2 Whatis polymerisation? Joins Vole (Hee. MAR UNIS °F R®ro SHOU 3 Name three types of polymers. [. Bernd, (Ros Cwket , 4 What would be the characteristics of a short oil paint?" Less fea AY}. OW Ce 5 What would be the characteristics of along oil paint? - CieY< © 6 What is meant by the term “opaque pigment”? bile byht Sally, 2/ 7 What is a typical size of a pigment particle? ‘le «> 8 Briefly describe the difference between “saturated” and “unsaturated” when referring to oils or polymers, Set tutus) dilrofh Combing bucks orga 9 Name two drying oils, which are unsaturated. LIne 9 “asm * j 10 What is the main difference between a dye and a pigment? ely ewill Drssof Ve 11 What are the sources of pigments? nywere 12 If Titanium Dioxide was used in paint, what would be the colour? — bstiike Co eas Dhow 13 Name three rust inhibitive pigments considered to be toxic. (ari co «a mC Laren 01 (ee PGT 14 Name four commonly occurring minerals used as extender pigments. ‘aji- Crave, lana, Chie 15 Name three laminar pigments. M<¢/, Dsphd-, Gilet Pam . 9 16 Ifpigment was added way below the CBVC, how would it affect the film? “oLayrsor Pom 4, 17 The abbreviation CPVC means what? C>yibced Pest - Vol Commnn bury Heth gis 18 Why are thixotropes added to a paint formulation? f(y SL an) Sultry, Ay thle, 19 Hfcarbon was used as a pigment what would be the paint colour? (6, c 20 Name four properties that a binder contributes to a paint film Sunk 21 Destibe howa baie inhibitor works oimvoniore Soli (CGH, of) 3 4sCes 22 Which of the common extenders could not be used in whites and pastels? 2/1 he Pe 23 How would the film be affected if pigment was added above the CPVC?- en! (M41 “t 4 24 Which of the rust inhibitive pigments is the most common? 74js\ (+1 phi 25 Why are extenders used in paint formulation? ~ we, Oullygorn, Satis, Dus hele 26 If chromium was used as a pigment, what colour would the paint be?“ ell, Gyteror. C90 27 Why are plasticisers added to paint? — Duvini> hl Pech ' 28 Two metals are commonly used as galvanic pigmentation, name them.-> 1» ( [J 4 29 Why are driers added to oll based paint? — Slaw ow, {F [Daq's (Uni fen! thre In 30 What is meant by the term ‘thixotropic"? Se ||, Ike, ad Papal, hess a 31 What is meant by the term ‘aggregate’ when referring to paint? 27 WC" z, 32 Ifan antioxidant was added to paint, what would it do? Iria Ov Lede, ver Sle 33 Give the names of two plasticisers. C ef oka ty 34 What is meant by the term solution? (ws. het t-Sertl 35. Give two examples ofa solution. “at jolt Swyarar-, [os olbea [ral vbone 36 What is meant by the term dispersion? ch wnt Lrparad Lo st | i 37 There are two types of dispersion, what are they? ahem area) 38. Ifpaint cures by chemical reaction is it reversible or convertible? enuesleo lc bide 39 What type of polymerisation occurs in chemically curing paint? . ¥*¥s Soff Ie by. 40. Name-a paint which dries solely by solvent evaporation. nwa eres Vaynysh “Vir 41 What is meant by ‘non convertible’? - (waif 70 (bet 42° What is meant by ‘non reversible’? - [> novy , (epee pes, (oe cele 43 Name four drying mechanisms. Coc ione |. Severs | elie 44 Inacoating, which dries by solvent evaporation’ what type of polymerisation occurs? | !""*4 45 What is another term for Fineness of Grind? \_veg tee sf ‘Drs pit fort wef: been 46 Which generic types of paint dry by solvent evaporation followed by oxidation? “' Naha Gur Quel ese ro Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 “FW wou cenrae ror Revision Questions 23.6 “MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWILté UZM) recsxovocy47 What type of polymer forms during oxidation? Rranebal . 48 What term applies to paint drying at ambient temperatures? lh, Dy!) ! 49 What is meant by the term ‘co-alescence’? .. (Sch Gayioot 50 What is meant by the term ‘pot life’? sjjy fi | 51 Name three curing agents used in epoxies? . 52 Is paint a solution or tispersion, qualify? 50 \ 53 What is an exothermic reaction? “West Pokey | R54 ‘What is meant by the térin ‘induction period’? SEW. | 35 Prysitall Som 9 de « (Speed t yt, [ecgl fits What i the difference between ‘thermoplastic’ and ‘thermosetting’? “ss 5 yl , 38 Wats choaieally curing paint, what type of polymerisation oocurs? “ery OOM] + \ 57 Two other terms relate to induction period, what are they? 58 Does 4 phenolic resin’have an induction period? N/ , 59 Which of the following binders are reversible? } a) Epoxy d) Urethane | 8) Cellulose’ b) Phenolic, e) en “hy Silicone c) Vinyls f) Alkyd SH 0 | 60 Isan epoxy powder paint thermoplastic or thermosetting? oo gn 3b! : 61 Ifa‘coating is permeable, what does it mean? Qilcv! tavishhe Anes olf ; 62 Whatis meant by cross-linking, give two binders as an example. clin’ \ 63 Whatis the opposite to exothermic? _¢ qls\udters 4 sp 64 What is the term used for paints needing temperatures in excess of 65% to cure? 65 What would be a typical induction period for Chlorinated Rubber paint? - rows NO 66 Name a material used as a dryer in paint formulation. Ami Nn 67 Why would bentonite or wax be used in paint formulation? (*icrnljfi, Tpeck pes 68 Name two materials used as plasticisers. — Corl, (asto§ fein \ | | 69 What generic type of paints would use anti-oxidants? - Auihtalcatiet Nobuko) Aes 70 How does a single pack, epoxy ester paint dry? — Mercfus,. Cust, — i : ¢ 71 How is Dewpoint defined? “1h. (cwq hh ae S45 ’ Gasieg + | S72. Hovis Relative Humidity defined? Sy . R 73 When using a whirling hygrometer which bulb should be read frst and why? — (vc | Mu 74 At what speed should the thermometer bulbs pass through the air? Lyyi{sze L 15 What should be used when wetting the wick on whirling hygrometer? <>! (Jt Heal Wx 76 By what other name can we refer to a whirling hygrometer? ~ In’ wade 77 When the air temperature rises does the air’s capacity to hold water increase or decrease? aes | 78 What is the stated criterion for acceptancs, prior to calculations, on a whirling \ hygrometer? “Jw Conjioutv. Peels , FC 1 ke oweetife Nee reget - Date 79 Name two pieces of equipment used for taking steel temperature. . “| -. a \ 80 _Isit possible for a wet bulb temperature to be higher than the dry bulb? “(ew yal | : \ Ka tmoule a P teor Yayras ie “thse a 1 a) | [ley Rlece Wa - Ry bil halt | [fem fawn Io A Re will Daub Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 Ss \ Revision Questions 27 TW atexiats 0NNG Copyright © 2003, TWI Lid CLM recunotocyLo Paint testing - Thursday AT Define viscosy, Plvels Passo te ay seo fl | ‘3 What is meant by high viscosity? - 1 shoe fe tlem on te, . (/A~ Approximately, what isthe viscosity otinater? Dome ona | C4” Name the ogs and ST units of dynamic viscosity, Parse , Wwe lroneeeeeere, | + Name three diferent flow cups. - ‘Zhan, asad Prileoaes fora, YP Re conch 6— When using # flow cup which unit of viscosity would be used) fweln \ cadht Yen ‘Ford Flow Cup N° 4” what does “4” relate to? DARL B RE a $0 Give the names of three different rotational viscometers. Q.. Ll y'et, ( by Shen) 9. ~Give a reason for performing a viscosity test on site, Fo LU, xq A ar \ “10 Which viscometer would not be used on thixotropic paint? Bow Uap ue ( } 11-~ Why is temperature very important when doing viscosity tests? KING let 12 - What is the main difference between the rotathinner and Krebs Stomer? Durer 5) | 13 ¥ Describe how to use a Ford Flow Cup. ed gee AX Give another name for a Fineness of grind gauge. sgmser 5" 15” Is a low flash point safer than a high flash point? Wo hac L toes ) 16 1 How and for what is a Hegman grind gauge used? MieaSi~ STB Tet SPegS OE I 17 v- Briefly describe how to do the volatile, non-volatile test to BS 3900 Pt B2. 18 W-Name the equipment used to determine the flash point of a solvent Abelcup } 19 VWhat colour should the flame be at the flash point? 700" Blaw | 20 “What formula is used to calculate the density? "> >» By . 21 What formula is used to calculate specific gravity? Vole Daysite ef | 22, What is relive density? Canyyssion ef Deir auldberarter Des» 1923 at are the other names for a density cup? Desig Cap aknidy Cw Oe, What i a stoke, the unit for? Enanatt Peat > 1 Opti 2 i | 25 Which test is used to determine Abrasion Resistance? Forba’h shay Posert so ) 26 Which equipment would be used to determine flexibility? C ons ee\ Patan I od 27 Which equipment would be used to measure Impact Resistance? Tul Impeet- Gala 28 For what reason would the Koenig Albert Apparatus be used.? — Hayne | GB For which two reasons could a density cup be used on site? bint Hee triscty 50 Name four accelerated test boxes. (Wr0ly Bolt, Hunk bey Temp. & ) | 31 Why would a tropical box be used? — Hija ihe) Temp. Salk | 32” Would a paint be higher or lower density than water? Higher vecboed xd Doe 33V How would the density be affected if solvent was added to paint? pacbeodht- oe ; } ay What is the capacity of a density cup? [pace - le twin & | 35’ What difference is there between SG ot Density? Bots delve Patty . 36 What information could be obtained from a water soak test? Dearoutalsiry | 37 What information could be obtained from a temperature cycling test? - Col abs Eyphe y 38 What information could be obtained from a cold check test? Lore . <-30--Name four drying and curing tests. Pafely, AGFES » Porgt Mevil fog ‘ . "7GO) What stage ofthe BK test would be recorded as the drying time?’ — uli W's Crrater Mh # °F] Name three methods of determining opacity. PEL Wid ' 42 What effects the opacity of a paint film? ~ Pica Coy | 43 Why would a Pfund cryptometer be used? ures 0 De 44 — Give one reason why an inspector would use a PIG gauge? ~ 45. Why are wet paint film thicknesses needed? Hay ( elias eihs! X_ Denwihj wd Tat, Iratews Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 WORLD CENTRE FOR 23.8 ‘MATERIALS JOINING } Revision Questions Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd ULM Tecunoiocrwit, and gem Eee Ca ub) pal awa \ 46 “Name two methods of measuring WFTs “ft” ve will exaporle 47 “What is the reason for taking WFTs immediately after application? -48. CWhere could an inspector find information to determine if'a 2 pack paint was mixed in the correct proportions, using a density cup? Data Swim CMa wdset ert ale Sast” 49 Cana banana gauge be used on non-ferromagnetic substrate? 50--~Could an eddy-current gauge be used on ferromagnetic substrates? we 51-—Can a horseshoe gauge be used on non-ferromagnetic substrates? Se) 32 WKs part of which test would a bar applicator be used? —Por+-Chisks> Ogres of Otyprtcn of Perr 53 Which instruments would be used to measure reflectivity? joie) 6 34 How does a gloss meter work? ¢flelsno! lrg 55 Which factors in paint govern the degree of gloss? 56 Ina primer/mid coat what would be the expected degree of grind? 57 Inagloss paint what would be a typical degree of grind? 58 What percent reading would be expected when measuring gloss on a glass panel? we 59 Using a gloss meter a reading of 25% would signify what? wot 60 If.an aggregate size of 35 um was present in a paint of 30 um DFT what would be a likely | result when using a gloss meter? [» pr! Lt fart 61 Name three common tests for determining adhesion of a paint film? fab Wwe) VO 62 Which adhesion tests are quantitative? Joli, Hib \eliie 63 ner coat adhesion ‘and primer to substrate adhesion are two adhesion faults name the third? Codes 7 im 64 Wut chemical solution is used to conduct a Cathodic Disbondment test? 9 fie (hfe? 65 Which gas evolved at the cathode causes disbondment? /y its" ¢" ook 66 What eriterion is used when assessing a Cathodic Disbondment test panel? f)i3howt"*" 67 Name the two methods of applying Cathodic Protection. Saratendned « , (enpartel Cae 68 What is used to determine the potential ofa pipeline? ,al4 call, dnplut} / ¢ ph 69 Would it be advisable to refill a pipe trench with carbonaceous backfill? 70 Does a Cathodic Protection System eliminate corrosion? -vw 71 Can the external surface of a tank be protected? wv , ws Usui! 72 Could a crude oil tank be fully protected internally? NO 73 What voltage would be used on a 250 um thick paint using a sponge type pinhole detector? av 74 What voltage would be used on a 450 um thick coating with a sponge type pinhole ¢, detector? 75 When using a wet sponge, what other liquid is added to the water? 716 What function does the above additive perform? 717 Would it be advisable to do wet sponge detection on galvanising? 78 Why work upwards on a vertical surface with a wet sponge? 79 Does a sponge detector work on AC or DC current? 80 Other than the wet sponge, which other equipment could be used to determine the presence of pinholes/holidays? 0 ‘Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 “TW WORLD CENTRE rox Revision Questions Bo MATERIALS JOINING ‘TECHNOLOGY Copyright © 2003, TWI LtdRevision questions general — Friday 1 Name two categories of paint mill 2. Whatis the main reason for processing paint in a mill? 3. Briefly describe how a ball mill works. 4 Briefly describe how an attritor mill works. 5 When would steel balls not be used in a ball mill? 6 A bead mill is sometimes called by which other names? 7 How does a colloid mill work? 8 Name eight items of information listed on a materials data sheet. 9. What do you understand from the term Halogenated Hydrocarbon? 10 How can we determine the viscosity of a high viscosity paint? 11__ Briefly describe the principles of CP. 12 What function does a primer have in a paint system? 13 Ina mordant primer what is the main working constituent? 14 What advantages do electrostatic application methods provide? 15. Which is the most expensive type of brush filling? 16 What is cohesive failure in paint, give the main cause? 17 Why does a zinc rich paint need a strong binder? 18 Why are etch primers not spray applied? 19 What do you understand by the term over spray? 20 Name four methods of determining DFTs. 21 What is a psychrometer used for? 22 What colour should a galvanised surface be after application of ‘T” wash? 23 Howson can a ‘T” washed substrate be coated? 24 Other than pigment, base and curing agent name two other constituents of FBE powder paint. 25 Give the main differences between airless and conventional spray. 26 Brush application has advantages over spray application, what are they? 27 What is the main consideration when selecting a metallic pigment for a sacrificial paint? 28 What is meant by shererdizing? 29 ‘Name three types of paint feed for a conventional spray. 30 What is the calorising process? 31 Why would a sealer be applied to Aluminium metal spray? 32 What is the BS 2015 term for skipped or missed areas? 33 Acolour has three properties, what are they? 34 Why would paint be applied by ‘hot spray"? 35 Onan airless spray tip how are blockages cleared? 36 Howis atomisation achieved using conventional sprays? 37 Howis atomisation achieved using airless sprays? 38 What is dip coating? 39 What do you understand from the term ropiness? 40 What is efflorescence and how does it occur? 41 Name two ways of melting aluminium to enable it to be sprayed. 42. What is flocculation? 43 What could be the cause of bittiness in a paint film? 44 What is a tie coat? 45 How many depressions of the bellows are needed for the Drager test? Painting Inspection Grade 3/2, Rev 1 April 2004 eins Tapeion Pr2004 TTWI wont care ror MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd TECHNOLOGY46 What are the hazard signs for Toxic, Very Toxic, Harmful and corrosive? 47 What is saponification? 48 What units are used for measuring toxicity? 49 Which material would have to be used on a perpetually damp surface? 30 What is padding? 51 What air inlet pressure is needed to give 2500 psi delivery with 35:1 pump? 52 What causes lifting of a paint film? 53 What is cissing and how is it caused? 54 What is meant by the abbreviations: OES, OEL, MEL, UEL, LEL and RAQ? 55 Why would a paint inspector use potassium hexacyonoferrate? 56 What would be an average thickness for galvanising? 57 How can you tell the difference between blooming and chalking? 58 What could be the reasons for inter coat adhesive failure? 59 How would you determine quality of added thinners in thixotropic paint? 60 Why are manufacturers developing solvent free, water borne and powders? 61 What would be the cause of grinning on a paint film? 62 How can “bleeding” be avoided? 63. Inless than 30 words, explain the duties of a painting inspector. 64 Name five documents, which a painting inspector might need on a contract. 65. What information should be given on a daily report sheet? 66 Curtains, Sags, Runs and Tears are a result of what? 67 Some binders can be modified to use water as a solvent, name four. 68 What is meant by the term stripe coat? - 69 How many cm? are there in 4.5 litres? 70 A paint data sheet provides a wealth of information, name eight items. Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 , ‘WORLD CENTRE FOR Revision Questions 23.11 TT MATERIALS JONING Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd ULM tcxnovocyRevision questions PA 10 specific 1 Whats the specified course of action for grit inclusions? 2 The term ‘long term protection’ refers to what? 3 What is the difference between new and weathered galvanising? 4 What criterion determines which paint system should be used? 5 What is the total DFT of the compliant epoxy system? 6 What is the total DFT of the water borne system? 7 When can ladders and other means of access be removed? 8 Two materials are specified for used on damp surfaces, what are they? 9 After removal of a non-drying paint, which type of primer is recommended? 10 Some non-ferrous substrates are painted for aesthetics only, name four. 11 Which three non-ferrous substrates are painted for anti corrosion purposes? 12 According to PA 10 in which situations would ‘T’ wash be used? 13 How many coats of primer are specified on surfaces at 100 - 149°? 14 Give preferential order of coating systems for surfaces 150 — 340°. 15 _ Is it mandatory for a contractor to produce a test area? 16 List four items needing masking off prior to blasting and painting. 17 Which Aluminium substrate would not be sweep blasted’ 18 Which three paint systems are specified for use on Aluminium? 19 What differences are there in new and maintenance painting specifications for substrates below 100°? 20 Toxic coatings need special considerations for removal from substrates, name tio methods which comply. 21 In which situations is a Permit to Work required? 22 Which primers are specified for non-weathered galvanising? 23 Which primers are specified for weathered galvanising? 24 According to PA 10 is flame cleaning allowed? 25 According to PA 10 is thinning of paint allowed? 26 What temperature range is covered by ‘hot duty service"? 27 Does PA 10 cover internal coatings on pipes? 28 What is the specified overlap on repair areas? : 29 What would be the specified surface preparation and coating system for Aluminium cladding? 30 What would be the procedure for removal of algae and mould? 31 What would be the procedure for degreasing prior to surface preparation? 32 What would be the procedure for degreasing after to surface preparation? 33. When blast cleaning on an AGI what precautions are taken? 34__Isit permissible to prepare paint by stirring? 35. What would be the surface preparation method for new galvanising? 36 When would it be necessary to apply a sealer to inorganic zinc silicate? 37 How could areas of a paint breakdown be prepared for repainting? 38 What information should be on a paint can label for BG? 39 When measuring DFTs over galvanising what allowances are made? 40 What is the first coat applied to galvanised substrates and why? 41 Properties and Performances of paint are covered in which BG specification? 42 What are the considerations when selecting a paint system? 43 According to PA 10 which two coats are applied ‘at works"? Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev I April 2004 ‘WORLD CENTRE FOR Revision Questions 23,12 MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWI Lid CZM reciovocy44. Give the criterion for when and when not, painting can take place. i 45 What should be the substrate reaction when ‘T’ wash is applied to a newly galvanised substrate? ' 46 Which two materials are specified for use on damp surfaces? i 47 What is the maximum time lapse from surface preparation to coating? yphtit= 48 Which is the most common pigment used in high temperature paints? —2iae. Pe ' 49 What would be the result of over thick application of zinc silicate? \ 50 According to PA 10 is roller application permissible? — No. i Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 WORLD CENTRE FOR Revision Questions 23.13, MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWILtd TECHNOLOGYB, Gas 3.2 Maths Exercises WET calculations (oe 1 What WET would need to be applied to give a DFT of 45 um using a paint of 36% vs? ~ SD°26 2. What WFT would need to be applied to give a DFT of 60 um using a paint of 40% vs?“-- 10 3 A paint of 38% vs was used to give a DFT of 45 um what wad the WFT? eth ase 4 ADFT of 55 um was obtained from a paint of 35% vs, what was the WFT applied? —_- | 0 5 What WET would be applied to leave a DFT of 65 um using a paint of 49% vs? _ty 5 1° DFT caleulations 1 What would be the DFT if 20 litres of paint, vs. 459% covered an area of 9mx 12m? J 3 5 2 25 litres of paint, vs, 65% was used to cover a circular area of 10m diameter. What would yr i be the resulting DFT? sit! What DFT would be obtained ifa paint vs.content 42% was applied at a WFT of 84 um? — > | What would be the resulting DFT if WFT of 130 um, what would be the resulting DFT? ~ $A paint vs 65% was applied at a WFT of 130 um, what would be the resuing DET? 60" ae VS calculations ‘A DET of 53 um was obtained from a WET of 110 um, what was the vs% of the paint? Wel , ‘A paint was applied at 120 um WET, The resulting DET was 65 um, what was the vs? SH! 3 What would be the vs of a paint if it was applied with a WET of 120 um and a DFT of 56" 68 um was obtained? 35 4 What was the v% of paint with a DFT of 36 um, when the WFT was 108.um? 9 5 ADFT of 62 um was measured, from a WFT application of 100 um, what would be the () vs% of the paint used? pe Volume calculations 1 What volume of paint would be required to cover an area of 300 square metres, to a 4333 specified DFT of 65 um, using a paint of 45% vs? a8 hes re How much paint would be required to coat a tank, roof and side sheets to a DFT of 100 um? The tank is 5 metres diameter and 6 metres high. The paint to be used is solvent free. 3 How much paint would be needed to cover a circular area of 10 metres diameter, using a paint 65% vs to a DFT of 60 um? 4 A circular area of 7 metres radius is to be coated to a DFT of 45 um. What yolume of |, 4 yet paint would be required if the vs content was 48%? Be Se \ 5 How much paint would be needed, at 55% vs, to coat an area of 250 square metres to a > DFT of 60 um? ae Painting Inspection Grade 3/2. Rev 1 April 2004 “TWI worn centre ror Revision Questions 23.14 MATERIALS JOINING Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd ZIM recusovosxQ. In the electrical circuit in a corrosion reaction AC or DC? A. Direct current (DC) Q. Does corrosion occur at the cathode or at the anode? ‘A. Anode (positive) becouse, Cathode is not loosing electron only anode is loosing, Electrons that why corrosion occur Q. Name the three factors needed for corrosion to occur? A. Anode (A) Cathode(C) & Electrolyte () Q. What is meant by the term electrolyte? A. Itis a media or substance to pass the current or substance Whi & be broken down by it will conduct a current Q. What is corrosion? A. An electrochemical reaction or degradation of metal, called electrolysis or degradation of a metal by chemical reaction or electro chemical means Q. In the corrosion circuit to electron flow from anode to cathode? A. Cathode to Anode Q. Which gas is released at the cathode when the electrolyte is water? A. Hydrogen Gas Q. Which is the more noble metal, steel or aluminium? A. Steel is the more noble Q. Which is more electronegative, steel or aluminium? A. Aluminium Q. If'steel or copper were in contact in an electrolyte which would corrode? A. Steel Q. Name two hygroscopic salts? A. Sulphate and chloride Q. Name three metals used as sacrificial anodes on a steel pipeline? A. Aluminium, zine and magnesium Q. What is the approximate thickness of millscale? ‘A. 25 to 100 unit microns Q. Which of the two metals would corrode if steel and zine were coupled? A. ZineQ. Which other names relate to the galvanic list? A. Electro motive forces series or electro chemical series Q. In which environment are you likely to encounter chloride salts? A. Marine Environment Q. Which three compounds together form millscale? A. Wustite, magnetite& Haematite (FeO, Fe3O4and Fe203) Q. If magnesium was coupled with zine, which would corrode? A. Magnesium Q. In which environment would sulphate salt be found? A. Industrial or agricultural environment Q. What is an osmotic blister? A. Hygroscopic salt Q. What is an ion? ‘A. An ion a charged particle either positive or negative Q. What is meant by polarization? ‘A. Negative or positive charged polarity (getting charged) Q. Is an anode positive or negative? ‘A. Positive Q. Can corrosion occur without an electrolyte? A.No, Q.Name a sub atomic particle? A. Electron, Protons and neutrons Q What is millscale? A. Thin Black flaky layer, Q. When and where does it? ‘A. Due to oxidation of steel at a temperature exceeds 580 degree Celsius it become Miillscal on the stee1, when the hot steel comes in contact with cool air during ste! Manufacturing Q. Name six factors, which can accelerate corrosion reaction? A. 1-Temprature, 2- Hygroscopic Salt, 3- Aerobic Conditions, Reducing Bacteria& Metal Eating Microbes, 5- Acids& Alkal SRB&MEM (Sulpher 6- Bi-Metallic contact Q. What is the relative humidity?A. The percentage of water content or amount in that environment in the air is expressed Relative humidity. Q. How anode becomes positive& what chemical release? A. Electrons will be release& the atom become ionized positively charged, by means of Anode Q. How to corrosion? A. An electrochemical of a metal, called electrolysis Q. Why its corrode? ‘A. Due to tendency of stee! to revert back their inactive position, or called inner stage Q. How to corrode? ‘A. The metal loosing their electrons, it becomes positively charged atom. Its mean ready To react the negatively charged ion or atom. Oxygen of the metal, it's called corrosion Q. Definition of the temperature? A. As the temperature higher, Hotter the steel is the faster the corrosion will occur Q. Definition of Hygroscopic salt? A. Presence of the hygroscopic salt on the metal surface, accellerete the corrosion reaction Q. Definition of Aerobic condition? A. Presence of oxygen introducing, oxygen into the cathodic reaction by means of double Jon required for reaction Q. Definition of noble metal? A. Noble metals are those which is having a tendency not to react with other metal or Other substance, by mean of less potential charged metals (stable metal we can call) Q. Definition of ignoble metal? A. Ignoble metal are unstable metal, which is ready to react quick with other negative Charged ion or molecule Q. What do you mean by coarse and Xcoarse? A. Small profile measured by coarse and high profile measured by Xcoarse > Range of coarse 20-50 um and range of Xcoarse 37-115 um >Degree of cleanliness: Good surface of grade (Suitable surface profile, can give 10 years >Degree of roughness (surface profile): Over a substrate (or no profile, can 4-6 years > If we want to remove the dry paint, old paint, toomuch dust or contaminent, we use Wet abrasive. > By using wet film thickness, we can measured by placing in vertical to the fresh paint Surface. (COMB GUAGE MEASURE DIRECTION) (Last touching tooth + nearby it first non touching tooth, Divided by both of 2,An example, 50 +75 =125, 125/2 = 62.5 Unit Microns To check the rating of blasted surface with the help of transparent adhesive tape, there is, different size of width. Q. Which British standard would be used in determining the size of copper slag abrasive? A.BS 410 (Specification for test sieves) Q. Which British standard would be used in determining the size of metallic abrasive? A.BS 2451 Q. Which regulation prohibits the use of sand for blasting steel? ‘A. (COSHH REGS) Control of substance hazardous to health Regulation. Q. What is meant the term ‘key"? A. Cross section of a blasted surface / peak to trough height Q.Why is it important to have good surface preparation? ‘A. Longer service life, profile should be free from rust, dust, contamination, oil, grease, and other forien matter. For good adhesion of the coating Q. What is meant by the term ‘sliver'? ‘A. Longitudinal crack inner side to the metal Q. What is Hackle? A. A small surface lamination stands uprigt lil aneedle after blasting Q. Name two other terms could be used for “Anchor Pattern’? A. key pattern, amplitude, profile& peak to trough Q. What are the main advantages of using “Testex Paper’ for measuring profiles? A. Testex tape provide a permanent record Q. What is meant by the term grade, relating to a blast finish? A. Grade means how much surface is clean Q. What are the main factors governing the grade of a blast finish? ‘A. Shape, size, hardness, density and human factors lenghth of the time, angle, distace and speed Q. Can the grade of a blast finish be determined by using the surface comparators to BS 7079 Pt C32 5 ‘A. No, comparator for assesing a profile Q. What profile can be measured using X coarse Testex? A. X coarse Grade for measuring High profile (37 to 115)Q. What profile can be measured using coarse grade Testex? ‘A. Coarse grade for measuring Small profile (20 to 50) Q. What are the two theories of Adhesion? ‘A. LMolecular interference (Velero physical) 2. Molecular attraction (Magnet chemical) Q. Briefly describe the mechanism of the two theories of Adhesion? A. 1. Molecular Interference. Because the surface is rough and uneven the paint wets, ‘And locks into the profile, analogy Velero. Physical 2. Molecular Attraction. Negatively charged particles attracted to positive area, ‘And vice versa. Analogy Magnet (sometimes called Ionic Bonding). Chemical Q. How many microns are in one thou? A. 25.4 unit micron Q. Give three different names for the cross section of a blast? ‘A. Surface profile, Anchor pattern, Amplitude and Key Q. What is the approximate speed of abrasive leaving a venturi nozzle? ‘A.450 mph (720 kmph) Q. What is the most common cause of Flash Rusting on a blasted substrate? ‘A. Rogue Peak Q. What would be considered to be an ideal shot grit mix? ‘A. G.Amorphous, pointsand cutting edges, irregular profile. G= 30-20% $.Smoother profile, spherical, work hardens. $= 70-80% Q. What is purpose of mixing shot and grit? A. Shot controlled the peak and grit cuts the profile Q. Which abrasive would have the effect of work hardening a substrate? A. Shot Metallic Q. Name three methods of measuring or assessing a profile? ‘A. L Needle Gauge 2.Micrometer gauge with testex paper 3.Help of kenitator comparator Q.What is most common cause of rogue peak on a substrate? A. Grit, which cut the profile Q. In what situation would it be better to use steel grit in preference to copper slag Abrasives? ‘A. Copper slag can be used only once, shatter into small pieces and grit can be used many times Q. Ifcracks or laminations are found on a substrate after blasting what steps should be Taken? ‘A.Crack or lamination must be refer to engineer for ultrasonic testQ. Using comparator to ISO 8503, what are the three main profile assessments? A. Fine medium and coarse Q. What are the other two assessments when the above three are not appropriate? A. Finer than fine and coarser than coarse Q. What would be size of copper slag needed to give a profile of 50 to 75 unit microns? ‘A.30 to 60 size of garnet, unit is (MESH) size 0.2 mm to 1.2 mm (0.005 and 0.04) inches 0.12770 mm and 1,0160mm_ Q. What is the title of BS 7079? A. Preparation of steel substrate before application of paint and related product A. 1. Hardness of the material 2. Size of the particles 3. Density of the material 4. Shape of the particles Q. Why are blast hoses carbon impregnated? ‘A. To reduce the chance of the operator getting electric shock from static Q. Name the gauge used for measuring pressure at the blast nozzle? A. Hypodermic needle gauge Q. Name four advantages of centrifuugal blasting over open blasting? ‘A. Saving the time, labour, energy and abrasive consumpsion. A furthur advantages is automation of the cleaning operation, which provides superior, more uniform cleaning of steel and more acceptable environmental operating conditions. Q. According to BS 7079 is it possible to blast clean to an A Sal? A.No Q. Is there any difference between an A Sal and B Sal? A. Yes Q. Could you tell the difference between rust grades A and B blasted to $a3? ‘A. No, becouse of no pitting in rust grade A&B, Sa3 means pure white metal Q. Could you tell the difference between rust grades C and D blasted to $a3? A. Rust grade C having light pittings and Rust grade D having heavily pittings of Sa3 Q. What would be typical speed of abrasives leaving a wheel abrator? Q. What is considered to be the most efficient blasting pressure?A. Blasting pressure 100 psi, gives 100% efficiency Q. What is meant by the term “Burnishing”? A. Which is polishing and a smooth shiny area does not provide good adhesion. Burnishing needs to be treated by abrading with coarse emery Q. What would be the equivalent to St2 in the Sa grades? ‘A. When viewed without magnification surface shall be free from visible oil grease and dirt, and from poorly adhering millscale, rust, paint coating and other forien matter Means St2 = 22.5 Q. What is the neutral figure on the PH scale? A710 Q. How is PH measured? A. Using PH indicator strips Q. Why are inhibitors sometimes added to water in wet blasting? A. To retard the formation of corrosion products Q. Name two typical areas where needle guns might be used? A. Bolts, edges, nuts, comer area Q. What is the Duplex process of surface preparation? A. piekling followed by a passivation process using phosphoric or chromic acid with small percentage of iron filings, is done to passivate the steel by forming a layer of rust inhibitive salts which also aid the adhesion and provide resistant to cathodic disbondment Q. Which PH range covers acids? A. From 7-0 increses the acidic nature Q. Which PH range covers alkalies? A. From 7-14 increses the alkalis nature Q. What is the meaning of PH? A. Potemtialof hydrogen, this is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance and is measured using PH indicator s Q. Name three disadvantages of wet blasting? A. Supply of large amount of water, Disposal of the resu! profile and substrate inhibitor to be used 1g slurry, does not cut the Q. Name two areas on a structure where flame cleaning cannot be done? A. Oil & Gas Q. Which three basic operations are performed during flame cleaning?‘A. Expansion = Co- efficient, Dehydration = Water is evaporates, Heat penetration = Heat conducted into substrate Q. How does BS 7079 define flame cleaning standards? A. With photographic standard, AFL, BFL, CFL, DFL Q. What is a Jason’s Hammer? ‘A. Needle guns are jason hammer Q. What is meant by St2 and S13? ‘A. St2, thorogh hand and power tool cleaning, the surface shall be free from visible oil ‘grease dirt and poorly adhering miliscale paint coating, rust and other contamination. S13, Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning, as for St2, but the surface shall be treated much more thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the metallic substrate Q. Two alloys are used to render wire brushes spark free, what are they? A. Phosphorbronze and beryllium bronze Q. Why should ‘Burishing’ be avoided? A. Becouse of burnishing is not provided profile and good adhesion Q. Name two major disadvantages of using a needle gun? ‘A. Needle gun provide a coarse profile must be needed by emery or grinding Q. After phosphating, what would be a typical PH requirement prior to coating? A. PH4.5 107.0 Q. What is understood by the term ‘Knock out pot"? ‘A. Knock out pot for removal of oil and water from air stream Q. Ifan operator was blasting with a nozzle pressure of 80 psi. What would be his Approximate efficiency? A. 70% efficiency Q Which solvents are commonly used for degreasing? A. Xylene or specified solvent Q. What is a ‘dead mans handle”? ‘A. Remote control for operator safety Q. Why is carbon impregnated into blast hoses? A. Reduce electric shock from static Q. How is an abrasive cleansed in a wheel abrator system? A. by Air washes cleansing systemQ. What is the main disadvantage of high pressure jetting compared to other system? ‘A. Operator fatigue is a problem, consumption of water Q. Name five methods of wet blasting? A. 1) High pressure water blasting upto 30,000 PSI 2) High pressure water plus abrasive with 20,000 PSI 3) Low pressure water plus abrasive 4) Stream cleaning 5) Air blasting with water injection Q. What would be the typical temperature and concentration of Sulphuric Acid in the Pickling process? ‘A. 65-70% and concentration 5-10% Q. Describe the ‘Duplex Process"? A. Passivation is treatment in phosphoric acid or chromic acid and is done to pas steel by forming a layer of rust inhibitive which also aid adhesion and provide resistant to cathodic disbondment Q. What would be a maximum pressure for high pressure water jetting? ‘A. 30,000 psi (Pounds per square inch) Q. What are the disadvantages of wet blasting over dry blasting? ‘A. Supply of large amount of water and also mixing substrate inb soidum compound added to water) itors (inhibitors, Q. Describe the phosphating process? A Q.What would be considered to be advantages of wet blasting over dry blasting? A. To remove light oxidation, environmentally friendly, spark free, ideal for removal of soluble slat and chloride Q. Why is the phosphating or chromating of stee! done? ‘A. Forming a layer of rust inbibitive salt which also aid to adhesion and pro by cathodic disbondment resistant Q. What would be an acceptable remedy for burnished area? ‘A. Coarse remedy paper 5 Q. Would burnishing be expected on areas of St2 preparation? A. No Q. How many photographs of blast cleaning standards are shown in BS 7079 Pt A? A. Four (4) AFI, BEI, CFI, DFIQ. Do the plates shown in BS 7079 Pt A relate to grit blasting or shot blasting? A. Q. Which British Standard would be used in determining the size of copper slagabrasive? A. Q. Which British Standard would be used in determining the size of metallic abrasive? A. Q. Which regulation prohibits the use of sand for blasting steel? A. Control of safety and health hazardous (COSHH) Regulation Q. What is meant by the term of key? ‘A. Anchor patter, surface preparation and apmlitude Q. Why is it important to have good surface preparation? A. Longer service life Q. What is meant by the term sliver? A. Longitudinal crack inner side to the metal Q. What is a Hackle? ‘A. A small lamination which stand uprihgt like a needle, size 13mm Q. Name two other terms that could be used for Anchor Pattern? A. Key and Amplitude Q. What is the main advantage of using Testex Paper for measuring profile? A. Asa record for future Q. What is meant by the term grade, relating to a blast finish? |A. There are the four type of blasting grades relative to blast finish 1. Shape 2. Size 3. Hardens 4. Denicity And Four Human Factors Also 1, Angle 2. Distance 3. Time 4. Speed. Q. What are the main factors governing the grade of blast finish? A. Same as above Q. Can the grade of a blast finish be determined by using the surface comparators to BS 7079 Pt C3? AL Q. What profile range can be measured Xcoarse and Coares tape? A. 37 to 115 microns Q. What profile range can be measured using coarse grade Testex?A. 20 to 50 Q. What are two theories of Adhesion? ‘A. Moleculer Interference and Moleculer Attraction Moleculer Interference is Velero physical method Moleculer Attraction is (Vice Versa) Magnetic Chemical Method Q. How many microns in one thou? A.25.4um Q. Give three different names for the cross section of a blast? A. Q. What is the approximate speed of abrasive leaving a venturi Nozzle? ‘A. 450 Miles per hour Q. What is the most common cause of flash rusting on a blasted substrate? AL Q. What would be considered to be an ideal shot grit mix? A Grit 30 to 70 and Shot 20 to 80 What is purpose of mixing shot and Grit? . Grit cuts the profile and shot control the peak hight Q A Q. Which abrasive would have the effect of work hardening a substrate? A. Steel shot Q. Nmae three methods of measuring of assesing a profile? A. Kenetetor Comparator, Dial Micro meter with testex tape and Needle gauge Q. What is the most common cause of rogue peak on a substrate? A. Big size and sharp edges of abrasive Q. In what situation would it be better to use stee! grit in preference to copper slag abrasives? A. Q. If cracks of lamination are found on a substrate after blasting what steps should ne taken? A. Reffer to Engineer for ultrasonic test Q. Using comparator to ISO 8503 what are the three main profile assesment? A. Fine, Medium and coarse Q. What are the other two assesment when the above three are not appropriate?A. Fine and Coarse Q. What would be size of copper slag needed to give a profile of 50 to 75 um? A Q. Niae a third type paints other than solvent free and solvent borne? A. Q. An epoxy resin would use which solvent? A. Water and Ketones Q. Nimae four or more advantages of chlorinated rubber? A. Chlorine content, high resistance to mould growth, non flammable after solvent release, resistant to chemical attack e.g acids and alkalis, resistant to water vapour transmission, non toxic and provide a very durable film, very easily maintained, no abrasion needed, clean surafce only. Q. What are the three main disadvantages of chlorinated rubber paints? ‘A. Low resistance to solvents i.e only resistant to aliphatics and water, low temprature tolerance, 65 degree celsius maximum, spray application result in “cobwebs” Q. Which solvent could be use with a phenolic resin? A. aliphatic Hydrocarbon Q. Chlorinated Rubber paint would contain which solvent? A. Artomatic Hydrocarbon Q. Would it be good practice to apply chlorinated rubber over alkyd resin? A.No Q. Which solvent would be used with Alkyd resin? A. Water Q. How was the word Alkyd derived? A. Alcohol Q. What is meant by Opaque? ‘A. Oaque pigment is inert particle with excellent light scattering properties, give coering power (opacity) and color. Q. What is meant by vehicle? ‘A. Pigment and extenders are dispersed within a liquid, called vehicle Q. Would it be acceptable practice to apply an Alkyd over chlorinated rubber? A. YesQ, Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chlorinated rubber to Phenolic? A.No Q. Would it be acceptable practice to apply Phenolic resin over chlorinated rubber? A Q. Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy over linseed oil base? A.No Q. Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chi Yes ated rubber over to Epoxy? |. Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy resin over to Alkyd resin? . Dye A. Q A Q. What is another name for a un- pigmented paint? A. Q. What are the natural properties of a resin? ‘A. Brittiness and fast drying and soluble in water Q. What are the natural properties of an oil? Slow drying properties A Q. How does paint using the barrier principle work? ‘A. Material form a thick impermeable layer of a high electrical resistance, e.g urethane Q. How does paint using the passivation principle work? ‘A. Chemical reaction between the paint and the substrate, e.g rust inhibitive primers Q. How does paint using cathodic protection principle work? A. Bi- metallic, using a less noble metal as pigmentation, e.g zine in zine rich primers Q |. Give another name for solvent free two packs? A. Solvent borne and powder paint Q. Name six properties of a binder? ‘A. 1) Ease of application 2) To give Adhesion to the substrate 3) To.provide Resistance to abrasion 4) To provide Resistance to chemical attack 5) To provide cohesive strength 6) To provide Dilecttic strength 7) to Resistance the passage of water 8) To change from a liquid into solid Q. Name three natural resins used in paints? A. Copal, Dammars and coumaronesQ. Name five natural oils used in paints? A. Linseed oil, Tung oil (China wood oil), Soya oil, Tall oil, safflower oil Q. What does oleoresinous paint? A.A mixture of oil and resin, known as oleoresinous paint ame an inorganic high temprature service binder? cones Q. Name two pigments likely to be used for high temprature service? A. Zinc and Aluminium Q. By what name would you call the basic unit of a polymer? A. Many part Q. What is polymerisation? A. Joining together of a string or structure of a repeated unit Q. Name three types of polymer? A. Linear polymer, Branched polymer and cross linked polymer Q. What would be the charactoristis of a shot oil paint? A. Less than 45% oil to resin, faster drying, suitable for steel work Q. What would be the charactoristis of @ long oil paint? ‘A. Above than 60% oil to resin, Elastic, slower drying work, suitable to domestic app. Q. What is meant by term “opaque pigment?” ‘A. Inert particle with excellent light scattering properties, Give cov and color 1g power (opacity) Q. What a typicale size of a piment particle? A. Avrege 1 micron Q. Breifly describe the difference between “saturated and unsturated” when reff oil or polymers? ‘A. Unsaturated usable as a paint binder and saturated cannot be used as a paint binder 1g to Q. Name two drying oil which are unsaturated? A. Linseed oil and Tung oil Q. What is the main difference between a dye and pigment? A. Dye dissolve and pigment not dissolveQ. What are source of pigment? ‘A. Animal, vegetable, mineral abd synthetic Q. If Titanium dioxide was used in paint, what would be the color? A. White Q. Name four rust inhibitive pigments considered being toxic? A. Red lead, calcium plumbate, coal tar, zine chromate Q. Name four commonly occuring minerals used as extender pigment A. 1) Clays e.g. Kaolin, china clay 2) Chalk. Calcium carbonate 3) Talcum, Magnesium silicates 4) Slate flour. Aluminium silicates Q. Name three laminar pigments? A.1) Micaceous iron oxide 2) Aluminium Flake 3) Glass flake 4) Mica 5) Graphite Q. Ifpigment was added way below the CPVC, how would it affect the film? A. Poor covering power (Opacity), tendeney to blister, low cohesive strenghth Q. Ifpigment was added way near CPVC, how would it affect the film? A. Low gloss properties, greater cohesive strength, resin to encapsulate each particle, good resistance to water permeation, Q. The abbreviation CPVC meant what? ‘A. Which varies from paint to paint, pigment to pigment, known as Critical Pigment Volume Concentration And the particular value of the PVC at which voids between solid particles called CPVC. Q. Why are thixotropes added to a paint formulation? A. Aid to shelf life, higher film thickness, keeps solid particulae constituents, stop settlement Q. Ifcarbon was used as a pigment what would be the paint color? A. Black Q. Name four properties that a binder contributes to a paint film? ‘A. Strength cohesively, its abrasion resistance, durability, opacity (Covering power) Q. Describe how a basic inhibitors work? A. Protect the steel substrate by passivation Q. Which of the common extenders could not be used in white and pastels? A. Slate flour (Aluminium Silicate) Q. How would be the film affected if pigment was added above the CPVC?‘A. Particles are not wetted, film would be porous, low cohesive & adhesive strength Q. Which of the rus ‘A. Zine phosphate inhibitive pigments is the most common? Q. Why are extenders used in film formulation? ‘A. Good adhesion, Good cohesion, Film srength, Durability, Aid to inert coat adhesion, Can reduce the gloss and Low price Q. If chromium was used as a pigment, what color would be paint be? A. Green, Yellow Orange Q. Why are plasticisers added to film? ‘A. To modify of properties to resin Q. Two metals are commonly used as galvanic pigmentation, name them? ‘A. Zinc and Aluminium Q. Why are driers added to oil based paint? ‘A. Driers added to the paint during manufacturing. Driers relying on atmospheric oxygen penetrating paint layer, also known as oxidants, these are heavy letal, rich in oxygen Q. What is meant by the terms thixotropic? ‘A. Thixotropic is anti settling agent, aid to shelf life, allow a higher film thickness, ‘Thixotropic are jelly paint, if stirred change to normal liquid consistency, when left slowly revert to thixotropic consistency. Betones and waxes are thixotropic agent. Q. What is meant by the term Aggregate when reffering to paint? ‘A. Pigment particles are so small and particle completely wetted by the vehicle, very important factors gloss and sizeof aggregates has to be checked. Aggregates size known as degree of dispersion of fineness of grind Q. Ifan oxidant was added to paint, what would it do? ‘A. Oxidant added to the paint during manufacturing, they are heavy metal, rich in oxygen Relying on atmospheric oxygen, penetrating paint layer Q. Give the names of two plasticiser? A. Paint flexibility and reduces brittleness Q. What is meant by the term solution and give two examples? A. Solution is the resulting liquid e.g salt and water, suger and water, binder and solvet Q. What is meant by the term dispersion? ‘A. Paint consists of solid particles suspended in the vehicle. Dispersion can be either solid ot liquid dispersed within another material, paint is dispersionQ. There is two types of dispersion, what are they? A. oil and resin Q. Ifa paint cures by chemical reaction is it reversible or convertible? A. Convertible Q. What type of polymerisation occurs in chemically curing paint? A. Cross Linked Polymers Q. Name a paint, which dries solely by solvent evaporation? ‘A. Chlorinated rubber, Vinyl, Acrylic, Cellulose and laquers Q. What is meant by Non convertible? A. Its reversible Q. What is meant by Non reversible? A. Its convertible Q. Name four drying mechnisms? ‘A. 1) Solvent evaporation 2) Oxidation 3) Chemical curing 4) Coalescence Q. Ina coating, which dries by solvent evaporation, what type of polymerisation? A. Q. What is another term of Fineness of grind? A. Degree of dispersion Q. Which generic types of paint dry by solvent evaporation followed by oxidation? ‘A. Alkyd, Phenolic, Natural oil and resins Q. What types of polymer forms during oxidation? A. Cross linked polymer Q. What term applies to paint drying at ambient tempratures? A. Air drying Q. What is meant by the term coalescence? A. Physically join toghther, reduce the transition of gloss, water evaporates, penetrate sphere ; Q.What is meant by the term Pot Life? A. Pot life is period of the time after mixing in which the paint must be used Q. Name three curing agent used in Epoxy? ‘A. 1) Amides 2) Amines 3) IsocyanatesQ. Is paint a solution or dispersion, Qualify? A. Paint is dispersion, becouse paint consists solid particles suspended in the vehicle, where there is no solubility Q. What is an exothermic reaction? ‘A. Giving off heat, the container will warm up Q. What is meant by the term Induction Period? A. An induction period is the length of time after mixing which the paint should stand before use, induction period also called stand time and lead time Q. What is the difference between Thermoplastic and Thermosetting? A. Q. With a chemically curing paint, what type of polymerisation occurs? A Q. Two other terms relate to induction period, what they are? ‘A. Exothermic reaction and Endothermic reaction Q. Does a phenolic resin have an induction period? A Q. Which of the following binders are reversible? ‘A) Epoxy B) Phenolic ©) Vinyl =Reversible D) Urethane _E) Chlorinated rubber = Reversible F) Alkyd G) Cellulose = Reversible H) Silicones Q. Is an epoxy powder paint thermoplastic or thermosetting? AL Q. Ifa coating is permeable, what does it mean? A. Q. What is meant by cross linking, give two binders as an example? A. Alkyd, Phenolic, Natural oil and resins Q. What is the opposite of exothermic? A. Endothermic reaction Q. What is the term used for paints needing temprature in excess of 65 de to cure? ‘A. When temprature above 65 dc are used, using ovens or infra red, the term of stovingQ. What would be a typical induction period for chlorinated rubber paint? A. 20-30 Minutes Q. Name a material used as a dryer in paint formulation? AL Q. Why would bentonite or wax be used in paint formulation? A. To help keep solid particulae constituents in dispersion within the paint e.g stop settlement Q. Name two materials used as plasticiser? A. Q. What generic type of paints would use anti- oxidants? AL Q. How does a single pack, epoxy ester paint dry? A Q. How is Dewpoint Defined? A. Q. How is Relative Humidity defined? A. Q. When using a Whirling hygrometer which bulb should be read first and why? Q. At what speed should the thermometer bulbs pi A through the air? Q. What should be used when wetting the wick on whirling hygrometer? A. Distilled water Q. By what other name can we refer to a whirling hygrometer? A. Aspirated Hygrometer Q. When the air temprature rises does the air’s capacity to hold water increases or decrese A. Q.What is the stated criterion for acceptance, prior to calculations, on a whirling hygrometer? ALQ. Name two pieces of equipment used for taking steel temprature? A Q. Is it possible for a wet bulb temprature to be higher than the dry bulb? A.NoQ. What kind of process is corrosion? ‘A. Corrosion is an electro chemical process, called electrolysis Q. What factors influences the rate of corrosion? A. 1, Oxygen rapid change on steel substrate 2. Relative humidity above than 60% is critical 3. Presence of chloride & sulphate and high nobility metal contact 4, Presence of impurities in the air 5, Presence of alkalis and acid 6. The higher nobility metal is contact with steel, like millscale Q. What is millscale and why is it a particular problem when attempting to protect steel? A. Millscale is a thin black flaky iron oxide layer, occur during steel manufacturing. Particular Problem: 1. Millscale is noble than to steel when it flakes away the exposed steel act as an ‘Anode and get rusty around the millscale to pressure 2. Its millscale loosely adhered to the steel when it breaks away the coating applied On it, Also break down from the substrate thus causing failure of paint system, due To leak of adhesion. Q. What is the number of the Swedish standard contained within BS 7079 and list the rust? ‘And blasting grades together with the brief relevant ttles. A. Swedish standards number — 055900 RUST GRADES BLASTING GRADE A. Millscale covered with little or no rust * Sal-BS N/A Light, SSPC S7 B. Millscale begun to flake steel begun to rust. * Sa2~ BS 3 Quality,SSPC S6 C. Millscale gone and slight pitting on substrate * Sa2’4- BS 2" Quality, SPC $10 D. Heavy pitting on steel substrate and rusted * Sa3 ~ BS 1" Quality, SPC SS Q. Name three test for locating hygroscopic salt and millscale on a blast cleaned substrate A. 1, Hygroscopic iron salt =-- Potassium Ferro cyanide test 2. Hygroscopie Chloride salt - Silver nitrate test 3. Millscale --- Copper sulphate test black spot for millscale Q. What factors influence how clean and how rough the surface becomes after blast Cleaning? ‘A. Factors influence of abrasive and human influence factors 1. Abrasive * Shape, size.density and hardness 2. Human factors * Blasting cleaning distance from substrate, angle of blasting nozzle Velocity of grit and blasting time taken Q. Regarding hand and power tool cleaning state what always concludes this process and ‘To what standards?A. 1 S12 standard- Thorough wire brushing by hand power tool cleaning Hand wire brush (Manuel) 2. S13 Standard — Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning Machine wire brush (Mechanical) Q. What three basic ingredients make up a traditional solvent carrying paint? A. L. Binder 2. Pigment 3. Solvent Q. What are the functions of each of three in a solvent carrying paint? A. A. Binder > Provide adhesion to the substrate, it is dry film forming component, It is binds the pigment particles, itis hold them in suspension, gives flexibility To the coating, it make resistant to water chemical and also abrasion. B.Pigment > It gives color to the paint, it provide opacity (covering power), it gives Finish to the coating, it gives resistant to acids, alkalis, and u v light. C. Solvent > It is an evaporation part in drying process, used a cleaner & degreasing To Remove oil component, thin the paint so it make easy to spray the paint. Q. Name five items that can be include in paint to improve it performance suitability Fora certain use? A. I> Hardener/curing agent 2> Stabilizer = it increas 3> Anti skinning agent Can (tin) 4> Thixotropic agent = Gives a jelly like properties which increase anti And properti '5> Plasticizer = reduce the brittleness of the paint provide 6> Extender = solid powder to were cost of paint , NOTE = Plasticizer: Camphor castor oil, chlorinated oil, are usually liquid must have a Minimum tendency to volatilize. Plasticizer should be miscible with resin because of this has a similar effect to a solvent. It provides elasticity (flexibility) and long term adhesion. Catalyst / curing agent: Siscative added to the oxidative paint to speed up the drying process. Siscative increase the capacity of the binder to absorb oxygen.e.g compound of lead cobalt or manganese. Siscative liquid form liquid powder Tung oil and phenolic resin solid speed up the rate of drying process life of paint, it means seif life oil base paint prevent the formulation of skin in a closed ge hibild Q. Identify six paints by their binder names? A. 1. Alkyd 2. Acrylic 3. Epoxy 4. Polyamide 5. Chlorinated Rubber 6. Emulsion 7. Phenolic Resin 8, Polyurethane 9. Cellulose Q. Name four binder / solvent combination? A. Emulsion / Water, Chlorinated rubber / Xylene, Epoxy / Acetone (Methyl ethyl Kenton), Alkyd / White sprit, Phenolic Resin / white Sprit, Vinyl paint / Misk (Methyl isobutyl solvent Kenton).Q. Name six opaque pigments together with their respective colours? A. Opaque Pigments- Respective Colors’ . 1. Coal tar - Black (dark brown) 2. Calcium compound- White 3. Titanium Dioxide- White 4. Zine Chromate - Yellow 5. Zine Phosphate- White 6. Red Leads - Red 7. Red oxide - Red ' Q Describe what a laminar pigments? A. Laminar pigment is flate like leaf thus having leafing effect, like tree leaf, It gives @ low permeability upon drying the laminar pigmented paint film, overlap one to another. It make highly resistant to the passage of water. Laminar pigment such as glass flake, mica, aluminum flake and MIO (micacious iron oxide) ete. Laminar Pigment such a type of pigment. Q What is the difference between a convertible and a non convertible coating? A. Convertible coating: ‘A. Chemically change during dry paint B, Non reversible coating or action e.g. Epoxy C. it can not change their liquid paint from dry film on application of original solvent D. No soften their original solvent application after once cure or dry E. chemical take place during drying process F. extremely rapid during drying curing G. Excellent resistance to most chemical H. long self life I. specialized curing under water J. Good flexibility and hardness Non Convertible coating: ‘A. Solvent evaporation only, Chlorinated rubber is non convertible coating B. It called Reversible coating C. On application of proper solvent it can change into liquid form e.g. Emulsion D. Chlorinated rubber or nitro-cellulose coating E. After curing or ' drying can be soften on application of their original solvent (Can be soften by some solvent) F Physical change takes place during drying and curing process G. Itis a reversible reaction H. Maintenance painting with similar material to produce well adhesion I, Relatively susceptible to attack from chemical acids or solvent J. Chlorinated or vinyl coating requires (Strong solvent e.g. xylene) Q. Define the term “Induetion period”? A. The minimum time period allows standing after mixing two Pack paint, before use the paint the induction period allow taking the chemical reaction and allowing air bubbles to escape. Note: Induction is a length of time two pack paint has stand after mixing or before application follow manual instruction. This allows air bubble to escape. Q. Define the term “Pot Life”? A. The maximum period of time after (Induction) before use the paint remain useable, Follow instruction of manufacturer.Q. Define a “Barrier”? ‘A. A Coating system which isolateing the environment from steel substrate. Which Environment can cause corrosion on bare steel substrate Q. Define the term “Tie Coat” and give an example of its use? ‘A. Such a coat of paint which tie two normally incompatible / incongruous in consist to paint system together e.g. Alkyd over Bitumastic. It would bleed definitely so a tie coat of aluminum flake primer needs to tie the both system. Q. What is the difference between “Thermosetting and Thermoplastic”? A. Thermosetting, after it cool down and.cured on heat application it will not re-soften or melt, Dry powder coating (Fusion bond epoxy) ‘Thermoplastic, when heat source applied on thermoplastic coating will melt or re- soften polypropylene Q. Name two types of paint mill and give two examples of each? A. 1, Direct charge mill> a. Ball mill b. Attritor mill or high speed dispersion 2. Pre-mix mill> a. Sand mill b. Pear! mill or bead mill Q. What is the title of BS 3900? A, Title of BS 3900, Method of test of paints, there are eight sets of testing of paint Q. How many test sets are in BS39002 A. Divided into eight sets of test, A TO H 1. Test on liquid paint (Excluding chemical tests) 02. Test involving chemnical examination of liquid paints and dried paint films 03, Test associated with paint film formulation 04, Optical tests on paints 05. Mechanical test on dry paint film 06. Durability test on paint film 07. Environmental test on paint film 08. Designation of intensity, quality and size of common types of defects. General principle of rating scheme. Q. How are the test identified (name number letter) ‘A. From group A to H Total eight sets, there are eight separate group of test Q. What does a fineness of grind gauge measure? A. Size of the pigment particles which is grounded by paint mill, It is 5-10 unit microns, Itis fine particles for finish coat and 40-50 unit microns, typically for primer or mid coat Q. What is the “Flash Point” and in what apparatus is it determined? ‘A. The lowest temperature at closed cup of the able type will ignite, which the vapor given off, when the flame or spark is passed over it measures Volatility. Note: A highly volatile material will have lower flash point than a low volatile material.Q. What are Viscosity and what equipment is used to measure the viscosity of A, a free flowing paint B, a thixotropic Paint. A. Viscosity: the measure of a fluids resistance to flow A. free flowing paint: viscosity tested by ford flow cup number four B. Thixotropic paint: High build, viscosity tested by rotation viscometer 1, Equipment and paint temprature at 20 degree celicius to + 0.5 degree celeius 2. Cover the hole at the bottom of the cup with your finger 3: Keeping it horizontal fil the cup with paint until it drains i 4: Wipe off the excess from the top of the cup 5: Place a container under neeth the cup, take away your finger and start stop watch 6: Take the time untill the flow of paint start to first break into droplets stop watch 0 the over flow rim Q. What is a density cup and give an example of its use? A. It isa small black cup made up from air craft alloy, usually it hold 100cc and the lid has a hole in the top, example weight of cup + lid + paint, substrate weight of empty cup + lid weight of paint. If 100ce of paint weight and 134gm then the density of material Q. Calculate the volume solids of paint if the WET was 186 um and the DPT was 93 um? A Q. Calculate the WET of paint if the vs% was 66% and the DFT was 88um? A Q. Calculate the DFT of a paint if vs% was 44% and the WFT was 234 um? A. Q. Calculate the density of a paint if 5 ltr. Tin wghieted 15 kg? AL Q. Calculate the density of a two pack material if part A (paint) was 1.5 g/cm3 and part B (catalyst) was 0.5 g/em3 (assume mix ratio of 1-1). A. Q. Name an example of a non destructive DFT gauge? ‘A. Banana gauge: DFT &or electronic. Calibration the banana gauge on the same class blasted steel substrate with the thickness. Thick know plastic sim, Thickness of sim should be just sure as expected DFT of paint dry film, than check DFT. By cutting the coated paint film in V shape up to the substrate and measure it by microscope scale to each layer of paint film. Painting inspector gauge (PIG) Q. Name four atificial weathering devices and say what they are designed to simulate? A. (J) Tropical Box: it simulates how paint behaves in high humidity environment Q) Temperature cycling: Simulates how paints behave at low temperature contraction and at high temperature, temp to check flexibility of paint(8) Cold thick test: Test for low temp contraction cracking (4 Water sock test: Test for paint film permeability © Salt spray box: It shows how paint behaves under marine condition. Q. Name two drying / curing tests and state how they are operated? A. (1) Ballotini test: Ballotini are tiny glass balls dropped on wet painted panel. The time in hour is given at the side of the panel and where even the ballotini fails to stick to the painted drying has occurred 2) Stylus Test: It employs are series of trailing needles which pass over the, wet painted panel, because the needle are set at different tensions. It can be established when the paint is takes dry (hard dry and fully cured) Q. What does a Cryptometer measure and give two example of a cryptometer? A. It measure Opacity of a paint, equipment called cryptometer (1) Pfund crypto meter (2) Hiding power charts Q. What determines the degree of gloss a paint may possess? A. The pigment particles possess to determine the degree of gloss. The fine the degree the higher the degree of gloss upto an extent it also depend on type of binder. Q. Name three adhesion tests and describe how one of them is carried out? A. 1, Dolly test 2.Cross cut test 3. Cross hatch cut test Dolly Test: Clean degrees and roughness surface. >Stick down dolly with regular araldite > Leave for 24 Hours at 25 Degree Celsius > Cut round dolly to isolate paint underneath and apply pull off force > Check at what PSI failure occurred weather failure was Cohesive or Adhesive Q. State the conditions under which BS allow painting to take place? A. I. Steel temperature should be above 3 Degree Celsius then Dew Point 2. Relative Humidity should be remain less than 90% R/H 3. Steel and ambient temperature shall be according with in the limit of manufacturer instructions. Q. Name eight duties of paint inspector? A. 1, Familiar with the specification, plant, subcontractor personnel 2. Access the conditions of substrate 3. Check the material being used on site or to client requirement 4, Check R/H, D/P Substrate steel temperature as daily required 5. Inspect surface cleanliness after blasting for blast grade and measure and witness amplitude and record one daily 6. Inspect WET & DFT on frequent interval 7. Inspect and witness each coat and final finish coated 8. Make report daily or weekly summary as required by elientQ. List eighteen contractor malpractices? A. I. Using unqualified personnel 2. Using unsafe planks or wood boards and scaffolding 3. Using poorly maintained equipments 4, Carryout further works before inspection has taken place 5. Attempting to skip a coat 6. using incorrect paint (Different manufacturers paint) 7. Using a paint which (expired) out of date 8. Using incorrect solvent to thinning and in degreasing or to remove oil 9. Apply a coating system in the wrong sequence 10. Preparing and painting when wehather conditions are unsuitable 11, Applying too much solvent to a paint 12, Incorrect storage of pai 13. Applying low thickness coating 14, Using cotton cloths for cleaning 15, Not observe induction period and pot life time 16. Using compressure at above 100 PSI 17. Attempting to re-use expendable abrasives 18. Insufficient attention paid to awkward areas. Q. Name three methods of applying paint and compare the advantage and disadvantage of each in term of quality and cost effectiveness? A. Three methods of application, Brush, Roller and Spray. Types of paint, shape and size of the items. Conventional spray: Advantages: 1. High quality finish 2. Even film thickness 3.Easy a water born silicates Disadvantages: 1. Paint fog and loss of material high equipment cost 2. not always suited for outdoor work 3. Poor penetration, unsuitable for high-build and high viscosity paint, risk of over spray Electrostatic Spray: Advantages: No over spray, very clean to use, great saving paint, it gives away even coating little wastage through over spray Disadvantages: Equipments is costly, Used for coating specialize, Very expensive, Application only right around small tubular components. Airless spray Advantages: Very high work rate, good atomization with little or no fog of paint, good penetration. Upto 30 times quicker than brush, only methods for high build and high volume application, Safety coating trigger locking organ nose in good condition, Gravity, suction, remote cup 4/5 time quicker than brush Disadvantages: High equipments cost, Default or power source, Risk of dry spray Conover Spray, is not much used in the industries, because in act at low pressure, so nnnot apply high build coating due to the low pressure. The three feeds, gravity feed, suction feed and pressure feed And basically work at the paint and the air is at missed at the gun. Very expensive around 4000 for portable units Maintenance and part expensive convectional justment applicationOver spray, cannot apply as quicker or as thick as airless Take time and a lot of solvent to wash Masking out requires Personnel safety required More expensive than brush but less than airless Brush Advantage: suitable to smaller area, Good prime coat, Always for strip coat more ever than roller, Suited for irregular surface, good Adhesion, Suitable for anticorrosive primer, cheap to purchase, good for primer application (red lead anticorrosive), only methods to apply, Moisture tolerant coating Roller Advantage: Quicker than brush, also you can use extensive roller spray, Mobility and low cost equipment, faster than brush, Adhesion poor, Slow to work, ropeness mark peak and trough, Roller Disadvantages: No applicable for anti corrosive & anti fouling, Thin uneven coat with misses and pinholes, No suitable for all types of paint, Poor penetration into substrate surface, Arrange peel effect is undesirable roller spray is messy Q. What does BS 2015 “Glossary of paint terms” refer to and give three examples? A. It describes paint faults: Three main examples as below mention 1. Blistering 2,Chalking 3. Bleeding 4. Osmotic blister Blistering: Formation of dome shaped blister in a paint film, usually cause by expansion and contraction of paint film, Termed as dry blisters against the substrate. Chalking: Breaking down of a paint film becomes chalky or powdery due to disintegration of binder caused by attack from ultra violet, sunlight or severe weather condition Bleeding: The action of a paint in penetrating and discoloring a coating applied on top of it, Example, Bitumen’s, red pigment, and creosote cause problem. Osmotic blisters: Usually formed caused by entrapment of solvent, water, Hygroscopic Salt left on blast cleaned surface substrate. These faults also included in BS 2015 “Glossary of paint terms” 1, Fault in the tin (Manufacturing Fault), Problems occurs due to poor preparation 3, Problems occur due to poor application and incorrect or interference by weather. Q. What is BS 4800 and how is it used in the construction industry? A. BS 252(Frame Work) or schedule of paint colors for building purpose:- ‘This specifies 100 colors have been selected from the frame work 237 color contained in BS 5252. BS 4800 1. It can be used to identify existing color when maintenance painting 2. Itisaby which all manufacturer can make exactly the same color 3. It is used to specify color for new construction 4 Q. How do BGAS define the following? ‘A. Long term protection B. Medium term protection C. Short term protection D. New galvanizing E. Weathered galvanizing. ‘A. Long term protection = Typically 10 years ‘Medium term protection = Typically 05 years Short term protection = 2 to 3 yearsNew galvanizing = with polished shiny surface (not old than 3 months) Withered galvanizing = A galvanized substrate coated onto steel with a cohesive oxide layer dull and lacking in sheen. Galvanized before 3 months. Note: Long, medium, short terms protections without any repairing and maintenance upto the last end of the years. Q. What is the procedure for removing oil and grease from surface before preparation commences? ‘A. The surface shall be swabbed with an approved solvent followed by 2% detergent wash, furthur followed by washing with clean water through drying and blasting procedure can take place. Q. What is the procedure for removing oil and grease from a surface if found after preparation has taken place? A. Ifoil and grease found after preparation on a blast clean surface that area must be swabbed with lint free swab with approved solvent follwed by 2% detergent wash and then refollwed by washing with clean water through drying and reblast. Q. What is the procedure for removing algae and mould growth from pipework? A. Apply or it shall be treated with a BIOCIDAL or FUNGICID agent and left for 24 hours to kill the spores’ algae, than remove by scrubbing stiff bristle brushes and clean water or by use of high pressure water. Q. Under what condition must paint be stored? A. Paint must be stored in a dry locable well ventilated building away from live gase area, flame, heat sparks and rays of the sun and following if special instruction of manufacturer recommendation, Q. What is T. Wash? A. Ita treatment of an (each) primer. Q. What is used for T. Wash? A. To provide key on new galvanized substrate. Q. What is the color of T. Wash? A. Blue, Q. How do we check for a correct reaction when using ‘T. Wash? A. It tums black upon on drying of successfully application. Q. What two coats of paint are applied “at work?” A. in SPAL High solid solvent based epoxy primer to 7Sunit microns, minimun DFT and second coats of MIO (Micacius Iron Oxide) paint to 75 unit microns DFT. 'Q. What distance must be left at areas to be welded when painting? A.75 Unit microns Q. How much must new paint overlap old on repairs? A. 100 Unit microns Q. What is the maximum allowed time for priming to take place following preparation and by what methods is primer applied? A. Maximum within 4 hours primer should be complete in SPAI by brush, Exept in SPA4 In immediately need to apply by brush or spray appropriated methods. Q. What do BGAS class as a hot duty service? A. Hot duty service attend a temprature at above 99 degree celcius when in use (operating, temprature) Q. What must all pneumatically and electrically operated power tool equipment be? ‘A. Must be earthed to Avoid stactic sock, (Grounded) Q. What type of sheeting may and may not be ised for protection against spillage and spotting? A. 1. Must be non flammable sheeting 2. Tarpoline must be not used for sheeting Q. What must not be used to clean out paint kettle or to dispose or rubbish? A. Fire or flame Q. Give the rules for the mixing of paints regarding sizes? _ A. Less than 6 litres by hand mixing and above to 5 litres by power tool (mechanically) Q. What are osmotic blisters and what can cause them? A. Osmotic blister contains gas liquid soluble salt and crystal left on blast cleaned surface it can cause by entrupment of solvent and salt left on substrate. Airless spray: High dress safety, cannot apply all coatings, followed pupm work at 100 PSI, this pressure can be Working principle: Paint manufacturer gives the pressure to be used prresurised paint is fed to the gun through a high pressure hose. When the trigger is pulled and the paint is released into air at high pressure is atomises. Electrostatic spray: For small items, substrate is positively earthend paint particles are negatively changed. The paint has evaporated. You get even thickness and get very little over spray. Stripes Coat in assesable area, like weld joint and bewel ends of the structuresQUALITY CONTROL: those requirements to be carried out in accordance with the inspection and test plan Operation technique and activities that are used to fullfill requirement for quality QUALITY ASSURANCE: Has been done the job Q. What is impressed current? A. Equal and opposite direction to the corrosion current on that metal or pipe line, structure, called impressed current Q. What is the “Polymirisation”? A. The some atom or different atoms unite toghther in a chain, called “polymirisation” Q. What is “Forced Drying”? A. During curing liquid paint chemical changes take place, due to chemical reaction between the components in precense of a catalyst, which is accelerate, the chemical reaction is called also forced drying Damp surface > the surface on which water is not easly detectable or visible and the temprature below the dew point Fully weathered galvanised > such a galvanised surfac on which cohesive oxide layers has been formed and shinning become dull, it means lack of metal si Newly galvanised > just opposite to the fully weathered galvanised Cohesive oxide layer not formed yet Good shinning of the galvanised metal surface Moisture surface > water on the substrate is detectable or nk after removed of water droplets or standing water able water film, even Long term protection > protection typically lasting 10 years, until unless there should not be repairing or maintenance of coated items Medium term protection > protection typically lasting 5 years, should not be any repair or maintenance of the painted substrate Short term protection > typically 2-3 years protection, shall not be any repairing or maintenance Hot duty surface > the metal surface on the assembly attend at a temprature 100 degree celsius or above during use T. wash > is such a liquid material use as a primer or pretreatment for zine metal surface.‘After succesfully application it means blue black ‘When the algae growth on a steel structure apply biocides or fungjicides (to kill the sporce of algae or fungie) and leave upto next 24 hours and than scrub it with hard stiff bristles wire brush followed by high pressure fresh water wash to remove the algae or fungai When the powerfull wind blowing, relative humidity above than 90%, dew point less than 3% and other dust contamination on substrate, we cannot applied the paint. Measurment the profile with micro dial metre and replica tape from peak to trough, Called profile e.g. 40 to 65 If the amount of salts present is greater than sp of fresh water and then reblast and test again ified, washed down with copius amount Q. Why not apply the paint if their millscale on substrate A. Becouse of cathodic nature of millscale and poorly bonded or adhered with steel, below the millscale corrosion will occur, can cause early failure of coating Metane = One carbon Pentan ive carbon Ethane = two carbon Hexane six carbon Propane three carbon Heptane seven carbon Butane four carbon Octane = eight carbon Equal and opposite direction to the corrosion current that metal or pipeline structure called immersed current Q.One blaster within eight hours how many square meters give the production A. for structure atleast 40-50 square meters, for piping above 24 inches 50-60 square meters, for tank 70-8- square meters, and small support, pipes embeded items 15-20 square meters. Size of particle generally 30-60 mesh, Hardness 90% minimum Shape of particle 4x magnification not more than 5% Density of material not less than 7 gmv/oe