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Syntactic or Sentence Structure Analysis

through Tree diagram


Tree diagram consists of separated branches of a tree, used to analyze the structure of the
sentence, clause or phrase, for example, in the sentence The boy will play the guitar. This
sentence can be analyzed as follows.
S

NP VP

DET N AUX V NP

DET
N

The boy will play the


guitar

Phrase Structure Rules illustrates the basic elements or constituents of the sentence.
They can be appeared as phrases or words. The composition of these is shown at a node or a
separated branch of the tree in a Tree Diagram.
For example, the node NP (Noun Phrase) and the node PP (Prepositional Phrase) of the
following phrase.

the man from Phuket with red hair.


NP
DET N PP
the man Prep. NP
from N
PP
Phuket
Prep. NP

with AP N

Adj. hair
red
Node refers to the knot that separates the elements of sentence structure. Each node may
be caused by a combination of the other components together, or may contain single word or words
such as Node S / NP / VP /. AP / PP / Adv.P / Det / N / V / Adj. / Adv.

S = Sentence Ex : A beautiful lady will

send an email to her parents.


NP = Noun phrase Ex : a beautiful lady / an

email / her parents, the moon


VP = Verb phrase Ex : lady will send an email

to her parents /is / can do


AP = Adjective phrase Ex : very beautiful / neat

and clean / white / lovely


PP = Prepositional phrase Ex : to her parents /
on the floor / in January, for me
Adv.P = Adverb phrase Ex : slowly /

really quickly / fast / very often


Det = Determiners Ex : a, an, the, my, his,
your, this, that, these, those
N = Noun Ex : cup, glasses, computer,

friends, bird, piano


Pro. = Pronoun Ex : I, you, we, they, he,

she, it, me , us, them, ours


V = Verb Ex : is, do has, have, get,

build, spoke
Aux.= Auxiliary verb (Helping verb 0r Modal verb)
Ex : is, were, did, can, should

Adj. = Adjective Ex : short, big, strong, blue,

handsome, wonderful
Adv. = Adverb Ex : naturallay, never,

greatly, importantly, hard


P or Prep. = Preposition Ex : in, on, under, at,

to, up, down, behind, outside, for

The phrase-structure rules


Tree Diagram
S -- NP VP S
NP
VP
(A beautiful lady) (will send
an email to her parents)
(Det) (AP) N
NP NP
NP--
Pro. (Det)
(AP) N Pro.
(A) (beautiful)
(lady) She
VP --- (Aux.) V (NP) (PP) VP

(Aux.)
V (NP) (PP)

(will) (send) (an email) (to her parents)


PP -- P NP PP
P NP
(to)
(her parents)
AP --- (Adv.) Adj. AP

(Adv.)
Adj. Adj.

(very) beautiful (beautiful)


A beautiful lady will send an email to her
parents.

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