Listening

1 A. The man should go to the museum by shuttle bus.

2 D. The man should have studied for the exam.
3 A. A new building.
4 B. Use computer in the lab.
5 A. She got her watch where his sister works.
6 A. Find out if classes are cancelled
7 B. She is spending a lot of time in the library.
8 A. Try to fix what is wrong with the computer.
9 B. She wants the man to choose quickly.
10 B. She can return the CD to Tom later.
11 B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon.
12 C. Look at other apartments before deciding.
13 D. He is not on the basketball team.
14 B. Buy the green shirt.
15 C. The woman is planning to start a new job.
16 D. See a play with her aunt.
17 C. She thinks she will not need financial aid.
18 B. The woman does not have to pay extra for it.
19 A. A small town can have negative qualities.
20 D. He will not able to coordinate the program again.
21 C. He is late for an appointment with the man and woman.
22 B. She can get the materials they gave out at the meeting.
23 A. He probably will not able to follow the professors advice.
24 B. He doubts that the theater group will perform a musical next year.
25 C. He wants an appartment near his work.
26 D. The elections would be held later.
27 A. He did not recommend the lecture.
28 D. She intends to go see the movie.
29 C. Ways should he found to use less water.
30 C. The new manual has not been completed yet.
31 C. The class reading list.
32 D. The main character gets into trouble.
33 A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
34 C. Phases of language development in young children.
35 C. They are among the first sounds babies make.
36 A. Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet.
37 D. When children lear to associate sounds with meaning.
38 B. How children are able to learn language.
39 B. Communication over long distances in North America.
40 C. The fees of several couriers were included in the charge.
41 D. A funeral.
42 C. Attracting birds.
43 B. They like to eat them.
44 D. They are baked in the oven.
45 A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
46 C. She collects birds nests.
47 A. How to prevent landslides in populated areas.
48 B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
49 B. It helps keep the soil in place.
 50 D. A wall that stops water from draining.

Structure

1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty member __________ to apply for
the deans position.
A. intend
B. intends
C. are intending
D. has intend

2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most dangerous bacteria that can be acquired
from food and water, even in developed countries.
A. one of the
B. one of
C. one
D. of one

3. The death toll would __________ much higher if immediate action had not been
taken.
A. probably being
B. probably be
C. probably been
D. be probable

4. A fire in the __________ building could be a problem for firefighters.

A. ninety-story-tall
B. ninety-tall-story
C. ninety-stories-tall
D. ninety stories

5. Their office consisted of three rooms, __________ was used as a conference room.
A. larger of which
B. the largest of which
C. the largest of them
D. largest

6. In the past six months, the company has already received twice __________ in
gross revenues as it earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much
B. more
C. as many
D. as more

7. __________ better, the team would have been able to defeat the opponent.
A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
D. Had it prepared

8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until next week.

A. the meeting
B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
D. the meeting was

9. The curriculum at the public school is as good __________ of any private

school.
A. or better than
B. as or better that
C. as or better than that
D. as or better than those

10. Being a private university, __________ a well-organized charitable giving

program in order to offer a sufficient number of quality courses and activities.
A. development of
B. it developed
C. develop
D. developing

11. The greater the number of bacteria attacking the system, __________.
A. the sooner treatment must be begun
B. sooner must begin treatment
C. begin treatment as soon as possible
D. must begin treatment sooner

12. A congressional committee has been appointed to study a new procedure

__________ to eliminate some costly expenditures.
A. that is expected
B. what is expected
C. which expects
D. that expected

13. Some people send job applications even when they are reasonably happy in
their
jobs, __________ improving their position.
A. with hoping to
B. hoping that
C. with hopes of
D. hoping to

14. Swimming is a beneficial exercise, __________ aerobic activity and uses a

number of muscle groups.
A. not only because it provides
B. because it both provides
C. for provision
D. as result of providing
15. The professor instructed the students __________ the essay without preparing an
outline first.
A. to not write
B. not to write
C. do not write
D. to no write

16. It is not clear when __________, although there are many different theories.
A. dinosaurs becoming extinct
B. dinosaurs extinction
C. dinosaurs became extinct
D. did dinosaurs become extinct

17. If the drivers own car __________ damaged, the favorite probably would have
won the race.
A. had not been
B. not
C. no had been
D. has no be

18. The soldiers were unable to determine where __________.

A. the jeep had been left
B. had been leave the jeep
C. had the jeep been left
D. had the jeep left

19. The manager was angry because somebody _________.

A. had allowed the photographers to enter the building
B. had let the photographers to enter the building
C. permitting the photographers enter the building
D. the photographers let into the building

20. The committee members resented __________ of the meeting.

A. the president that he did not tell them
B. the president not to inform them
C. the presidents not informing them
D. that the president had failed informing themselves

21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store

22. The company sustained an angry reaction from its employees after announcing how __________ to
reduce operating costs.
A. it planned B. planned C. did it plan D. was planned
23. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are __________ those of the finest private school in
the county.
A. second after B. second only to C. first except for D. second place from

24. The more the horse tried to free itself from the restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape D. it was unable to move

25. __________, that runner is likely to be the first one chosen.

A. Due to her agility and speed B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid D. Because her agility and speed

26. It was not until the students were seated __________ the proctor realized he had
the wrong test booklets.
A. that B. when C. as soon as D. and

27. As a result of the additional rain with so much flooding already having occurred,
residents were seeking shelter __________ than in previous years.
A. in more numbers B. more numerously C. greater in numbers D. in greater numbers

28. The company president wrote an e-mail and planned to send __________ as soon as the vote was
complete.
A. to all directors the message B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors D. the message to all directors

29. As the result of Dianes illness and the effects of the medication, __________ to curtail her work and
public speaking activities.
A. has B. had C. she has had D. she will had

30. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

A. Upon entering the store B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store D. Only after entering the store

31. Hardly __________ the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered B. had entered C. entered D. had he entered

32. Once the employees had begun receiving financial information on the company, __________ income.
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and increase

33. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with regular pliers but then decided he needed to retrieve his
toolbox in order to use __________.
A. another pliers B. others pliers C. the others ones D. another pair

34. The committee has met and __________.

A. have approve the budget B. budget was approved
C. its approval of the budget D. approved the budget
Reading
Practice Passage 1
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the
Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest
and northernmost state in the United States, ending at
a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from
(5) whereit begins. It is massive in size and extremely
complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless
miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It
weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer
(10) mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way
through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds
of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and
up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude
oil can be pumped through it daily.
(15) Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long
sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high
above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of
sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the
surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-
(20) down route is determined by the often harsh demands
of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock,
or
permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more
than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground.
(25) The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet,
depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost
approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest
(30) and most expensive construction project ever
undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single
business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil
companies formed a consortium in order to share
the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to
(35) particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid
into the pipeline-construction fund according to the
size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous
problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment
breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous
(40) terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and
even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed
and is operating.

1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's

a) operating costs
b) employees
c) consumers
d) construction
2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
a) pipeline
b) ocean
c) state
d) village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each
a) day
b) week
c) month
d) year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
a) consisting of
b) supported by
c) passing under
d) protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the
a. climate
b. lay of the land itself
c. local vegetation
d. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in meaning to
a. removed
b. selected
c. transported
d. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
a. three
b. four
c. eight
d. twelve
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in meaning to
a. peculiar
b. specific
c. exceptional
d. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the
consortium would pay?
a. How much oil field land each company owned
b. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
c. How many people worked for each company
d. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen?
a. Line 4 b. Line 15 c. Line 23d. Line 37

Jazz has been called the art of expression set to music, and Americas great contribution
to music. It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
response, in the jazz age of the 1920s, in the swing era of the late 1930s and in the peak
popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated
around the end of the 19 th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi Memphis, St.
Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime,
marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early
sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy
Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first
real Jazz musician, around 1891.
What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of
improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire
piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was
written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of
skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz
musicians were bad sight readers and some couldnt even read music at all. Generally
speaking, these early musicians couldnt make very much money and were stuck working
menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such
memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small
bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater
success. This music is known as hot Jazz due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic
drive.
 A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in
New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians
of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other
talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.

1. The Passage answers which of the following questions?

(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after
about 1900?
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music?
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the
twentieth century?
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music?

2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in

(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river
(d) New Orleans

3. The word welded in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(a) squeezed
(b) bound
(c) added
(d) stirred

4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression?

(a) the use of cornets
(b) hot Jazz
(c) improvisation
(d) New Orleans

5. The word skeletal in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(a) framework
(b) musical
(c) basic
(d) essential

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight
(b) there is no slow music in Jazz
(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training
(d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used in Jazz

7. The word menial in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(a) mens
(b) attractive
(c) degrading
(d) skilled

8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged to the second wave of New
Orleans Jazz musicians?
(a) Louis Armstrong
(b) Buddy Bolden
(c) St. Louis
(d) Joe Oliver

9. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(a) the late 1930s was called the swing era
(b) hot Jazz is rhythmic
(c) Jazz has been said to be Americas greatest contribution to music
(d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician

10. The word its in line 21 refers to

(a) small bands
(b) earlier music
(c) men
(d) earlier musicians

11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

(a) improvisation (line 12)
(b) traditional (line 12)
(c) composer (line 12)
(d) score (line 14)

The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create
everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The
most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a
massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the
size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and
cooled in orbit around the Earth.
The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moons gravitational influence
upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the
effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a
revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotat ion
is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side
than the other) and has allowed the Earths gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently
facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect
it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both
large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects
of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform
the Earths surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features
such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years,
unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about onesixth that of
the Earths. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh
14 kilograms on the Moon.
The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the
Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is
very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact the temperature on the Moon ranges
between 123 degrees C. to 233 degrees C.
12. What is the passage primarily about?
(a) the Moons effect upon the Earth
(b) the origin of the Moon
(c) what we know about the Moon and its differences to Earth
(d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth

13. The word massive in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(a) unavoidable
(a) dense
(b) huge
(c) impressive

14. The word debris in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(a) rubbish
(b) satellites
(c) moons
(d) earth

15. According to the passage, the Moon is

(a) older than the Earth
(b) protected by a dense atmosphere
(c) composed of a few active volcanoes
(d) the primary cause of Earths ocean tides

16. The word uneven in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(a) Heavier
(b) Equally distributed
(c) Orderly
(d) Not uniform

17. Why does the author mention impact craters in line 16?
(a) to show the result of the Moon not having an atmosphere
(b) to show the result of the Moon not having active tectonic or volcanic activity
(c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life because of meteorites
(d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric weathering

18. The word erase in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(a) change
(b) impact
(c) obliterate
(d) erupt

19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on the Earth because
(a) of the composition of lunar soil
(b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less
(c) the Moon has no atmosphere
(d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic activity

20. All of the following are true about the Moon EXCEPT
(a) it has a wide range of temperatures
(b) it is heavier on one side than the other
(c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite attacks
(d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun

21. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) the Moon is not able to support human life
(b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the Earth would not have tides
(c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel at home on the Moon
(d) Mars could have been formed in a similar way to the Moon

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before
settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form
the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790,
and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more
than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about
60,000 free Negroes. Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in
the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million.
By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years,
the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late
1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there
were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new
immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe.
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States.
In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term melting pot to describe the concept of a
place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years
during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants
per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States.
In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924
virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as
many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number
of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern
and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until
1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow
in groups of refugees.

22. Why did the author write the passage?

(a) to outline the ways immigration has been restricted
(b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from Europe
(c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a melting pot
(d) to summarize the main features of immigration

23. According to the passage, which ancestry predominated at the time of the first census?
(a) Native Americans
(b) Negroes
(c) English
(d) Hispanic

24. The word ancestry in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(a) origins
(b) inheritance
(c) color
(d) freedom

25. The word their in line 5 refers to which of the following

(a) immigrants
(b) people of Hispanic origin
(c) white citizens
(d) Native Americans

26. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

(a) a quota system was in place from 1908
(b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and early 1900s
(c) slaves were not counted in the first census
(d) only those who paid taxes were included in the first census

27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100 years to 1915 was
(a) probably about 1 million
(b) about 35 million
(c) 8.4 million
(d) about 4 million

28. The word concept in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(a) location
(b) type
(c) complexity
(d) thought

29. The word virtually in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(a) effectively
(b) occasionally
(c) thoroughly
(d) undeservedly

30. Which of the following is NOT true about immigrants

(a) they were subjected to an official quota in the Immigration Act from 1924
(b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the total population
(c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries before those from Europe
(d) numbers began to be limited from 1921

31. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage

(a) preserving a developing American culture was a major factor leading to the
introduction of the quota system
(b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as planned
(c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased if the quota system had not been
introduced
(d) the quota system was introduced to limit population growth