ME 130 Applied Engineering Analysis

Answers to Selected Chapter-End Problems

2014 Version

Author and instructor: Dr. Tai-Ran Hsu

Chapter 2: Homework on applications of differentiation and integration

Problem 2.7:
2 1 1
(a) 3 (b) (c)
x 1 + 2x 2 (2 + x) 3

Problem 2.8:
r 8
(a) y ave = (b) y ave =
4 3

Problem 2.9:
9
(a) F = C + 32 (b) - 40o
5

Problem 2.10:
r(x) = -0.1 x + 10

Problem 2.11:
V = 9158 cm3

Problem 2.12:
dX (t )
V (t ) =
dt

Problem 2.13:
W ( x ) = Wo u L ( x ) Wo u 2 L ( x ) 0<x<
3 3

Problem 2.14:
2 2
W ( x ) = W o 1 x W o 1 x u L ( x ) 0<x<
L L 2

Problem 2.15:
L 2L
P( x) = Po x + Po x 0<x<
3 3

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Problem 2.16:

Area A = ab
4b a 2 a 3 b
a 0
Ix = y a y dy =
2 2

Problem 2.17:

P(x ) = Po Cos x
2L

Problem 2.18:

Total area = 24 unit square

x = 4.33 units; y = 1.833 units

Problem 2.19:

Area A = 3
x = 0; y = 10 / (3 )

Problem 2.20:

I = 13.78 kg-m2

Chapter 3 First Order Ordinary Differential Equations

Problem 3.1: u(x) = K e10x with K = constant

3
Problem 3.2: u ( x) = + K e 2x with K = constant
2

Problem 3.3: (
u ( x) = c Cos 1 ce Cos x ) with c = constant

2
Problem 3.4: u ( x) = with C = constant
Cx
n
x+2
Problem 3.5: u ( x) = 2 x n Kx with K = constant

Problem 3.6: (
u ( x) = x n Kx 3 )
1/ 3
with K = constant

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 x
Problem 3.7: u ( x) = x with K = constant
xK

Problem 3.8: u ( x) =
1
2
(
3e 2 x + 1 )
9
Problem 3.9: u ( x) = x +
x

Problem 3.10:
[u ( x) x]2 =
x2
1 + [u ( x) x ]
2
2

Problem 3.11: 35.89 seconds to empty the tank.

dH (t ) d 2
Problem 3.12: (a) = 2 g H (t )
dt 4 LW
2
g d 2
(b) H (t ) = t + D
2 4 LW
D
(c) t e =
g d 2
2 4 LW
te = 45164 seconds or 12.55 hrs to empty the pool.

2 2
5 5
2
d2
Problem 3.13: y H = 2g t
5 12

te = 262.3 seconds to empty the funnel.

(a) 14409 cm3; (b) [y(t )] 2 = 4200t + 10516.27

3
Problem 3.14:
(c) te = 2.5 seconds to empty the funnel

Problem 3.15:

The length of the funnel H = 13.42 cm and the time to fill the bottle in Example 2.9 is te =
3.53 seconds

Problem 3.16:

( )
3 e 21.43t 1
V (t ) = 21.43t
e +1

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 dV (t ) c
Problem 3.17: (a) + V (t ) = g
dt m
dV (t ) c
(b) + V (t ) = g
dt m
mg t
c

(c) Solution of V(t) during the fall: V (t ) = 1 e m

c

mg
mV0 +
mg c
c
tm

(d) H max = tm + 1 e
m
c c

where tm is given in Eq. (3.28). tm = 1.871 s and Hmax = 47.89 m for
the given case.

Problem 3.18: (a) q = 23.56 kW; (b) T(x) = 140 120 x

4
Problem 3.19: (a) T (t ) = 80 e 3.2 x 10 t
60 ; (b) -59.75oC; (c) 1.2 hour

Problem 3.20: (a) 589.6 days; (b) = 141.5 /m2-sec

2
Problem 3.21: (a) T (t ) = 100 e 2 x 10 t
80 ; (b) -80oC; (c) 45.8 sec;
(d) 0.0764 /m2-sec

Chapter 4 Application of Second Order Differential Equations

Problem 4.1(a) u(x) = c1 Cos 3x + c2 Sin 3x

where c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants

4.1(b) u(x) = c1 Cos(x/2) + c2 Sin (x/2)

u (x ) = e 2 x + e 2 x
5 3
4.1(c)
4 4
4.1(d) u(x) = 6e-2x 4e-3x

Problem 4.2 S(t) = 10 Cos t

y (t ) =
1
Problem 4.3(a) Cos 5t
2
4.3(b) y(t) = 2 Sin 5t

Problem 4.4 y(t) = 2 Sin 5t for m = 2 kg

y(t) = 4.472 Sin 2.236t for m = 10 kg

Problem 4.5(a) y(t) = e-1.735t(-2 Cos 2.61t 1.33 Sin 2.61t)

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 4.5(b) y(t) = -2.66 e-1.56t + 0.66 e-6.29t

Problem 4.6 y(t) = 1.337 e-8t(e3.742t e3.742t)

Problem 4.7 y(t) = e-3t (Cos 3.315t + 0.905 Sin 3.315 t)

Problem 4.8: Case 1: Use slightly higher critical damping coefficient:

(1) c = 8700 N-m/s
( )
(2) y(t ) = e 16.11t 0.3186 e 0.5216 t + 0.2986e 0.5216 t
(3) y(0.001) = -0.02 m; y(1) = 0

Case 2: Use the critical damping coefficient:

(1) c = 8694.8 N-m/s
(2) y(t ) = 0.02e 16.1015 t (1 + 16.10148t )
(3) y(0.001) = -0.02 m; y(1) = 0

Problem 4.9:
(a) t = 0.065 seconds
(b) c = 7070 N-m/s
(
(c) y (t ) = e 14.14t 0.848t + 6 x10 2 )
(d) 0.5575 seconds

Problem 4.10
(a) u (x ) = 1.667e x + 0.1693e 5 x 0.2 x 2 0.32x 1.336
(b) u(x) = -0.0833e-2x+0.0574e-5x+0.0258 Cos 2x+0.0603 Sin 2x

Problem 4.11 y(t) = 745.25 745.25e-0.2t 49.05t

Maximum height ym = 228 m

Problem 4.12 y(t) = -4073.32 + 4073.32e-0.0491t + 200t

Find expression for velocity V(t). Terminal velocity V = V()
Time to reach terminal velocity is 93.79 s.

y (t ) = (Sin 4t 4t Cos 4t )
1
Problem 4.13
640
Time for the spring to break at 0.5 m stretch is 80 seconds.

Problem 4.14 y(t) = 2.108 Sin(0.0335t) Sin (7t)

Beat frequency is 0.00533 Hz
Maximum amplitude = 2.108 m

Problem 4.15

(a) y(t) = 0.1 Cos 4t + 0.02t Sin 4t

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 (b) The cable breaks at 0.4 m

(c) Time for cable to break is 20 seconds

Problem 4.16:

(a) y (t ) = 0.05 Cos 4t +

t
Sin 4t
8

(b) Yes

(c) Time for the cable to break at 0.5 m is 4 seconds

Chapter 5 Laplace Transform

Problem 5.1(a) F(s) = 1/(s-3)

5.1(b) F(s) = 8/s3 3/s

5.1(c) F(s) = 2/(s2 4)

Problem 5.2(a) 3/(s-3)2

5.2(b) (s+2)/(s2+4s+20)

5.2(c) 4(s+2)/(s2+4s+3)

Problem 5.3(a) f(t) = t2 + t 2

f (t ) = e 2t 3 Cosh 3t + Sinh 3t
7
5.3(b)
3

or f (t ) =
8 5t 1 t
e + e
3 3

5.3(c) f (t ) = e (t 2 ) (4 Cos 2t 2 Sin 2t ) u 2 (t )

1
f (t ) = t Sin 3t Sin 3t + Cos 3t e 2t
1 t
5.3(d)
3 54 18

f (t ) = (Sin at at Cos at )
1
Problem 5.4(a)
2a 2

5.4(b) f (t ) = Sinh t t or

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 1 t e t
f (t ) = e t
2 2

Sin t
f (t ) =
t
5.4(c)
2
3

Problem 5.5(a) F(s) = e-2s/s

e 4 s
5.5(b) F (s ) = 2
s + 2

5.5(c) F (s ) =
1
2
( 1
1 e 4s e 4s
s
)
2s

5.5(d) F (s ) =
1
(
1 e s + 2
2
e s )
s +1
2
s +4

Problem 5.6(a) y(t) = 5 Sin 2t

y (t ) = (Cos t Cos 2t )
2
5.6(b)
3

y (t ) =
1 4t 2 2t
5.6(c) e + e
3 3

Problem 5.7 y(t ) =

1 2t
192
(
e e 18 t
1
24
Cos 6 t )
Wo L2 2 Wo L 3 Wo 4
y(x ) =
L
Problem 5.8(a) x x + x for 0 x<
16 EI 12 EI 24 EI 2

Wo L2 2 Wo L 3 W 4 L
4

y(x ) =
L
x x + o x x for x<L
16 EI 12 EI 24 EI 2 2

21Wo L4
Deflection at L/2: is
384 EI

LPo 2 P
y (x ) =
L
5.8(b) x + o x3 for 0 x<
2 EI 6 EI 2
3
LP P P L
y(x ) = o x 2 + o x 3 o x
L
for x<L
2 EI 6 EI 6 EI 2 2

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 5 Po L3
Deflection at L/2 is downward.
48 EI

Chapter 6 Fourier Series

[( 1) 1]Cos nt

f (t ) =
2
+
n
Problem 6.1(a)
2 n =1 n 2

2 n

f (t ) = ( 1) Cos nt
4
6.1(b) + 2
3 n =1 n

f (x ) =
2 4
( 1)n
6.1(c)

+

1 4n
n =1
2
Cos nx

( 1)n 1
f (t ) = 1
2
Problem 6.2(a)


n =1 n
Sin( nt )

1 1 ( 1)
( 1) Sin (nt )
n n
6.2(b) f (t ) = + Cos ( nt ) +
4 n =1 (n ) 2
n =1 n

( 1)n Cos(nt )
f (t ) = 2
2 4
6.2(c)
3
n =1 n2

2 nt 2 nt
f (t ) =
2
Problem 6.3(a)
3
+ n
n =1
2 2
Cos
2

n
Sin
2

f(-4) = f(4) = f(8) = (2 0)/2 = 1

t2
f ( 2 ) = f (2 ) =
1
=
8 t = 2 , 2
2

6.3(b) f (t ) = 50
100 1

n =1 n
[
1 ( 1) Sin nt
n
]
f(1) = f(2) = f(4) = (100-0)/2 = 50

f(1.5) = 100

f(2.5) = 0

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Problem 6.4: The function for instantaneous position of the slider for one period
is: x(t) = R(1 Cos 10t) with period 2L = 0.2 minutes. The
coefficients of the Fourier series are:

ao = 0

R Sin 2(1 n ) Sin 2(1+ n )

an = +
2 1 n 1+ n

R Cos 2(n 1) + 1 Cos 2(n + 1) 1

bn = +
2 1 n 1+ n

Chapter 7 Introduction to Partial Differential Equations

Problem 7.1:

f 2 f
(a) = 15 x 2 + 20 xy + 8 y and = 30 x + 20 y
x x 2

f 2 f
= 10 x 2 + 16 xy + 21y 2 and = 16 x + 42 y
y y 2

x(t ) dx(t ) 1 1
(b) = = Sin10t + Cos10t + Sin10t
t dt 20 2

u
n nat nx
(c)
x
= bn Cos
n =1 L L
Cos
L

2u
n 2 2 nat nx
= 2 bn Cos Sin
x 2
n =1 L L L

u
na nat nx
= bn Sin Sin
t n =1 L L L

2u
n 2 2 a 2 nat nx
t 2
=
n =1 L 2 bn Cos
L
Sin
L

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Problem 7.2:

Differential equations for the two separated functions:

d 2 X (x )
2
+ 2 X (x ) = 0 with conditions: X(0) = 0 and X(L) = 0
dx

d (t )
+ 2 (t ) = 0 with the initial condition
dt

T(x,0) = X(x)(0) = f(x)

Problem 7.3:

Mode 4 with n = 4:

4at 4x 4a / L
u ( x, t ) = b4 Cos Sin with f 4 =
L L 2

Mode 5 with n = 5:

5at 5x 5a / L
u ( x, t ) = b5 Cos Sin with f 5 =
L L 2

Mode 6 with n = 6:

6at 6x 6a / L
u ( x, t ) = b6 Cos Sin with f 6 =
L L 2

Chapter 8 Matrices and Linear Algebra

1 1 1
Problem 8.1(a) [A]1 =
2 1 1

1 1 3
3 5
1
8.1(b) [A]1
= 1
2
1 3 7

Problem 8.2(a) x = 44/14; y = 15/14; z = 27/14

3 2 6 x1 0
0 5 / 3 3 x = 4
8.2(b) 2
0 0 2.8 x 3 5.4

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 leads to: X3 = 5.4/2.8 = 1.929 = 27/14

X2 = [4-3(1.929)]/(-5/3) = 1.072 = 15/14

X1 = [0 2x1.072 6x1.929]/3 = 3.14 = 44/14

Chapter 9 Introduction to Finite Difference Method

Problem 9.2 Use the backward difference scheme to solve differential equation in
Example 9.1:

Use increment x = 0.05:

x(0.05) = 0.9975, x(0.1) = 0.9925

Problem 9.3 Use the forward difference scheme to solve differential equation in
Example 9.4.

Use increment t = 0.05, get: x(0.1) = 0.075, x(0.15) = 0.0262, x(0.2) = -0.04, x(0.25) = -
0.1103.

The exact solution is:

x(t ) =
1 1 t
cos10t + sin 10t cos10t
10 200 20

Problem 9.4 Exact solution of the Differential equation is:

(
y (t ) = 1.336 e 8t e 3.742t e 3.742t )
The numerical solution by the forward differential scheme are:

y(0.2) = 0.4, y(0.4) = 0.144

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Chapter 10 Introduction to Statistics

Problem 10.1(a) Frequency distribution:

Data group Frequency

215-219 2

220-224 5

225-229 13

230-234 6

235-239 3

240-244 1

10.1(c) Median = 228

Mode = 228

Mean = 227.93

Problem 10.2 (c) Median velocity = 955 m/s

Mode = 970 m/s

Mean velocity = 934 m/s

Problem 10.3 (a) Standard deviation = 92.19 m/s

10.3(b) Variance = 8498.95 m2/s2

Problem 10.4 (a) The mean x = 2.4713

10.4(b) The median xd = 2.475

10.4(c) The standard deviation = 0.14977 cm

10.4(d) 1 means 68.26% data vary with mean value by 0.14977 cm

2 means 94.4% data vary with mean value by 0.2995 cm

3 means 99.73% data vary with mean value by 0.4493 cm

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Problem 10.5 LCL = 13.9 micrometers

UCL = 15.1 micrometers

Problem 10.6 LCL = 0, UCL = 5.3636

Problem 10.7 (a) There are 3 modes at 1.85, 2.15 and 3.1

10.7(b) The median is 2.28

10.7(c) Standard deviation = 0.456

10.7(d) LCL = 1.6495, UCL = 3.2291

10.7(e) LCL = 0, UCL = 1.988

Problem 10.8 (a) LCL = 1.6392, UCL = 2.614

10.8(b) LCL = 0, UCL = 1.227

(Answer to problems 2014 version/ME130)8/5/14

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