Lina W3-Principles of Vibration

KNS4553 Soil Dynamics 23/2/2016
KNS 4553 Soil Dynamics:

Principles of Vibrations
Dr Norazzlina M.Sadon
Figure 1 A lumped parameter vibrating system
2
2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 1

Degree of Freedom: The number of independent

coordinates required to describe the solution of a
vibrating system.
Figure 2 Degree of freedom for vibrating system 3

Free Vibration:
Vibration of a system under the
action of forces inherent in the
system itself and in the absence
of externally applied forces.
The response of a system is
called free vibration when it is
disturbed and then left free to
vibrate about some mean
position.
Figure 3 Free vibration of a mass-spring system 4


Figure 4 Plot of displacement, velocity, and acceleration for the free

vibration of a mass-spring system
5
Forced Vibration:
Vibration of a system
caused by an external
force.
Vibrations that result
from regular (rotating
or pulsating
machinery) and
irregular (chemical
process plant)
exciting agencies are
also called as forced
vibrations.
Figure 5 Forced vibration of mass-spring system 6


Figure 6 Force vibration of a mass-spring system: (a) Variation of

magnification factor with /n.
(Note: the magnification factor goes to infinity when /n = 1.
This is called the resonance condition) 7
Figure 6 (b) Vibration of displacement with time at resonance (=n)
8

Figure 7 Free vibration of a mass-spring-dashpot system: (a) Overdamped

case; (b) Critically damped case; (c) Underdamped case
Example 1:
A machine foundation can be identified as a mass-spring system, This is subjected
to a forced vibration. The vibrating force is expressed as Q = Qo sin t; Qo = 6.7 kN
and = 3100 rad/min. Given: Weight of machine + foundation = 290 kN; and
spring constant = 875 MN/m. Determine the maximum and minimum force
transmitted to the subgrade.
Solution 1:
Given that: Qo = 6.7 kN
= 3100 rad/min = 51.67 rad/s
Weight of machine + foundation, W = 290 kN
Spring constant = 875 MN/m
Maximum force on the subgrade = 290 + 9.58 = 299.58 kN

Minimum force on the subgrade = 290 9.58 = 280.42 kN

Example 2:
A body weighs 135 N. A spring and a dashpot are attached to the body in the figure
shown. The spring constant is 2600 N/m. the dashpot has a resistance of 0.7 N at a
velocity of 60 mm/s. Determine the following for free vibration:
a) Damped natural frequency of the system; b) Damping ratio; c) Ratio of
successive amplitudes of the body (Zn/Zn+1); d) Amplitude of the body 5cycles after
it is disturbed, assuming that at time, t = 0, z = 25 mm.
Solution 2:

Solution 2:
Steady-State Forced Vibration

with Viscous Damping

Figure 8 Plot of Z/(Q0/k) against /n

15
Maximum Dynamic
Force Transmitted to
Figure 8 Plot of Z/(Q0/k) against /n
the Subgrade

Rotating Mass-Type Excitation 18


Rotating Mass-Type Excitation 19

Figure 9 (a) Rotating mass-type excitation; (b) Plot of Z/(U/m) against /n

20

Determination of Damping Ratio
Determination of Damping Ratio

Figure 11 Mass-spring system with two degrees 23

of freedom
Figure 11 Mass-spring system with two degrees

of freedom
24

Figure 12 Vibration induced by a force

on a mass-spring system with two
degrees of freedom
25
Figure 12 Vibration induced by a force

on a mass-spring system with two
degrees of freedom
26

Example 4 (a)
Example 4 (b)

Tutorial 2:
Q1 A foundation of mass m is supported by two springs attached in series (See
figure below). Determine the natural frequency of the undamped free vibration.
29
Tutorial 2:
Q2 A foundation of mass m is supported by two springs attached in parallel
(See figure below). Determine the natural frequency of the undamped free
vibration.
30

Tutorial 2:
Q3 (a) Calculate the natural frequency and period given k1=100 N/mm, k2 =
200 N/mm, k3 = 150 N/mm, k4 = 100 N/mm and k5 = 150 N/mm and m= 100
kg; (b) if a snusoidally varying force Q = 50 sin t (N) is applied to the mass as
shown, what would be the amplitude of vibration given = 47 rad/s?
31
Tutorial 2:
Q4 A spring-mass system consists of a spring k1 and a mass m1, as shown in the
figure. An auxiliary spring k2 and mass m2 are attached.
What should be the value to k2 so that the auxiliary spring-mass system acts a
vibration absorber for the main system (k1, m1)? Given Q = 100 N and =
31 rad/s;
Natural frequencies of the system;
Amplitude of vibration;
32

Lina W3-Principles of Vibration

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KNS4553 Soil Dynamics 23/2/2016

KNS 4553 Soil Dynamics:

Figure 1 A lumped parameter vibrating system

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 1

Degree of Freedom: The number of independent

Figure 2 Degree of freedom for vibrating system 3

Figure 3 Free vibration of a mass-spring system 4

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 2

Figure 4 Plot of displacement, velocity, and acceleration for the free

Figure 5 Forced vibration of mass-spring system 6

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 3

Figure 6 Force vibration of a mass-spring system: (a) Variation of

Figure 6 (b) Vibration of displacement with time at resonance (=n)

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 4

Figure 7 Free vibration of a mass-spring-dashpot system: (a) Overdamped

Maximum force on the subgrade = 290 + 9.58 = 299.58 kN

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 5

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 6

Steady-State Forced Vibration

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 7

Figure 8 Plot of Z/(Q0/k) against /n

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 8

Rotating Mass-Type Excitation 18

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 9

Rotating Mass-Type Excitation 19

Figure 9 (a) Rotating mass-type excitation; (b) Plot of Z/(U/m) against /n

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 10

Determination of Damping Ratio

Determination of Damping Ratio

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 11

Figure 11 Mass-spring system with two degrees 23

Figure 11 Mass-spring system with two degrees

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 12

Figure 12 Vibration induced by a force

Figure 12 Vibration induced by a force

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 13

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 14

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 15

Prepared by Dr Norazzlina M.Sa'don 16

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