Dynamic Earth Pressures - Simplified Methods

Dynamic Earth Pressures - Simplified Methods
Sunday, August 14, 2011

3:32 PM
Reading Assignment
Lecture Notes
Other Materials
Ostadan and White paper
Wu and Finn paper
Homework Assignment #5
1. Use an 1D EQL ground response model and acceleration time history

developed in the previous homework assignment to do the following:
a. Calculate the dynamic thrust against a buried rigid wall using the
Ostadan-White method for a buried structure that is 10 m below the
ground surface. (20 points)
b. Calculate the dynamic pressure distribution to be applied against the
buried structure using the Ostadan-White method for the same
structure. Show this distribution versus depth on a depth plot. (10
points)
2. Use the Wu-Finn method to calculate the dynamic thrust against the same
buried rigid wall in problem 1. (20 points)
3. Use the M-O method to estimate the factor of safety against sliding and
overturning for a gravity wall using the acceleration time history from
homework assignment 3. (20 points)
The wall is a yielding wall retaining wall and is 4 m high and is 1 m thick at
the base and tapers to 0.6 m at the top. The retained backfill behind the is
flat (i.e., horizontal) and has a unit weight of 22 kN/m^3 with a drained
friction angle of 35 degrees and the backfill is unsaturated. Also, the base of
the wall rests on backfill material and is embedded 0.6 m in this material at
its base.
Assume that the horizontal acceleration used in the design is 50 percent of

the peak ground acceleration. You may also neglect the vertical component
of acceleration.
Steven F. Bartlett, 2011
Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 1

Coulomb Theory
3:32 PM
Note Eq. 11.13

of Kramer has
an error.

Mononobe - Okabe - Active Case
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Mononobe - Okabe - Active Case (cont.)
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Mononobe - Okabe Passive Case
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(from AASHTO LRFD
Mononobe - Okabe Application Bridge Design
Wednesday, February 12, 2014
2:32 PM
Specifications, 2012)

Mononobe - Okabe Application (cont.)
2:32 PM
(from AASHTO LRFD

Bridge Design

Other Methods Allowed within AASHTO
2:32 PM
(from AASHTO LRFD

Bridge Design

Gravity Wall Example
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Gravity Wall Example (cont.)
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Cantilevered Wall Example
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Cantilevered Wall Example (cont.)
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Cantilevered Wall Example (cont.)
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Summary Results
static dynamic
F.S. Sliding = 2.29 1.36 FS static 1.25 to 2
F.S. Overturning = 2.97 1.51 FS static 2 to 3
Pasted from <file:///C:\Users\sfbartlett\Documents\My%20Courses\7330\Spreadsheets

\CantileveredWall.xls>

Seed and Whitman - Simplified Method
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the base.

Choudhury et al. 2006
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Choudhury et al. 2006 (cont.)
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horizontal
acceleration
vertical
acceleration
mass of wedge
weight of wedge

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T = period of
wave
active

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passive

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Results - Active case
Static case
kh and kv = 0

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kv = 0

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kv = 0.5 kh

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Results - Passive Case
Static case
kh and kv = 0

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kv = 0

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kv = 0.5 kh

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Comparison with Mononobe-Okabe Method

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Comparison with Mononobe-Okabe Method

Non-Yielding Walls
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Non-Yielding Walls (cont.)
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Non-Yielding Walls -Observations from Earthquakes
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Non-Yielding Walls - Ostadan and White
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Non-Yielding Walls - Ostadan and White (cont.)
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Amplitude at low frequency

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Recall that M-O method

is only valid for yielding
wall; hence it forms a
lower bound
The use of the low frequency (i.e., long period) amplitude is based on the
findings of the Lotung experiment site (see previous).

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L = infinite

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Ostadan and White (Steps)
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1. Perform seismic ground response analysis (using SHAKE) and obtain the
acceleration response spectrum at the base mat level in the free-field at 30%
damping.
2. Obtain the total mass using:
m = 0.50 H2
3. Obtain the total seismic lateral force by multiplying the mass from Step 2 by the
spectral amplitude of the free-field response (Step 1) at the soil
column frequency.
F = m Sa
where Sa is the spectral acceleration at the base mat level for the free field at
the fundamental frequency of the soil column with 30 percent damping.
4. Calculate the maximum lateral earth pressure (ground surface) by dividing the
results for step 3 by the area under the normal soil pressure curve (normalized
area = 0.744 H)
5. Calculate the lateral pressure distribution verses depth by multiply the max.
lateral earth pressure by the p(y) function below.
p(y) = - .0015 + 5.05y - 15.84y2 + 28.25y3 - 24.59y4 + 8.14y5
where y is the normalized height (Y/H) measured from the

base of the wall.

Ostadan and White (Summary)
3:32 PM
The method was verified by comparing the results of the simple computational
steps with the direct solution from SASSI.
The verification included 4 different wall heights, 6 different input time histories
and 4 different soil properties.
The method is very simple and only involves free-field (e.g. SHAKE) analysis and
a number of hand computational steps.
The method has been adopted by building code (NEHRP 2000) and will be
included in the next version of ASCE 4-98.
The Ostadan-White method is by no means a complete solution to the seismic
soil pressure problem. It is merely a step forward at this time.
Solution! Perfect isolation!

Wu and Finn (1999)
3:32 PM

Analytical Solution - Homogenous Backfill - Shear Beam Theory
3:32 PM

Analytical Solution (cont.)
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Analytical Solution (cont.)
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Wu and Finn - Numerical Model
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Finite element model by Wu and Fin

Comparison of Analytical Solution with FE Modeling -
Homogeneous Backfill - Non Harmonic Motion
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Solutions for Non-homogeneous backfill
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Solution for simple harmonic motion

Non Harmonic Motion
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Blank
3:32 PM

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Dynamic Earth Pressures - Simplified Methods

Sunday, August 14, 2011

1. Use an 1D EQL ground response model and acceleration time history

Assume that the horizontal acceleration used in the design is 50 percent of

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 1

Note Eq. 11.13

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 2

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 3

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 4

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 5

Steven F. Bartlett, 2014

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 6

(from AASHTO LRFD

Steven F. Bartlett, 2014

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 7

(from AASHTO LRFD

Steven F. Bartlett, 2014

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 8

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 9

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 10

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 11

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 12

F.S. Sliding = 2.29 1.36 FS static 1.25 to 2

F.S. Overturning = 2.97 1.51 FS static 2 to 3

Pasted from <file:///C:\Users\sfbartlett\Documents\My%20Courses\7330\Spreadsheets

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 13

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 14

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Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 16

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Results - Active case

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

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Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 21

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 22

Results - Passive Case

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011

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Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 24

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Dynamic Earth Pressure - Simplifed Methods Page 25

Comparison with Mononobe-Okabe Method

Steven F. Bartlett, 2011