INTRODUCTION

Most commercial specification for metals has requirements for physical properties as determined

by the tensile-strengths test. The properties include ultimate strength, yield strength or yield

point, elongation, character of fracture, and reduction of area. In order to obtain complete

information concerning tensile properties of a metal, a stress-strain curve should be determined

experimentally. Strain corresponding to definite stresses imposed upon the specimen is measured

by means of extensometer.

Laboratory test show that the increase in yield strength is accompanied by an increase in tensile

strength and hardness, too. However, the increase in tensile strength is not much. On the other

hand, strain hardening reduces ductility.

Objective

To obtain the force-deformation diagram (stress-strain diagrams) of a plain bar and a deformed

bar of concrete reinforcing steel and compare some of their mechanical properties in tension.

Apparatus

Universal Testing Machine

Extensometer
Vernier Caliper

Procedure

1. Measured the total length L and weight W of the deformed bar specimen. Mark the gage

length.
2. Attach the specimen to the universal testing machine (100 ton capacity)
3. Apply a tensile load satisfying all the requirements of the related standard.
 4. Obtain the force-deformation diagram (stress-strain diagram) as graphs from the

mechanical recorder of the machine. Reload the ultimate load Pu. Continue until load

fracture of specimen.
5. Measure the gage-length after fracture (Lf) by connecting the two pieces.
6. Measure the final diameter dfd by Vernier. Make about three mutual measurements.
7. Make calculation.
(a) Determine the nominal diameter, dn (mm) of the deformed bar using dn=12.8G0.5
G=weight/unit length (kg/m) which can be calculated using L and W
(b) Calculate the yield strength of the bar as y.
(c) Calculate the ultimate strength of the bar as u using the ultimate load Pu and Ao.
Ao = original cross-sectional area
Pu = read from graph
(d) Calculate the modulus of elasticity E for the bar using:
2 1 (P2/An) (P1/An)
(e) Calculate the percent reduction in area using : Ao - Ar
(f) Calculate percent elongation using:
LF L1

Conclusion:

I have learned how to obtain the force-deformation diagram (stress-strain diagrams) of a

plain bar and a deformed bar of concrete reinforcing steel and compare some of their mechanical

properties in tension. In order to obtain complete information concerning tensile properties of a

metal, a stress-strain curve should be determined experimentally. Strain corresponding to definite

stresses imposed upon the specimen is measured by means of extensometer.