Answer all the questions

1. a)
Accuracy is the ability to produce correct sentences using correct grammar and
vocabulary
fluency is the ability to read, speak, or write easily, smoothly, and expressively.
The two main differences: purpose and materials used.
The purpose of accuracy activities is to help students achieve accurate perception
and
production of a target item which can be a sound, a word, or a sentence structure.
Example,
teacher who concentrate on accuracy help their students to produce grammatically
correct
written and spoken English.
Accuracy : grammar presentations, gap-fill exercises, frame dialogues.
The purpose of fluency activities is to help students practice language in listening,
speaking,
reading, and/or writing activities to so develop fluency in using the language in
spontaneous
communication.
Example, language teachers who concentrate on fluency help their students to
express themselves in fluent English giving more attention to meaning and context
and are less concerned with grammatical errors.
Fluency activities: role plays, speeches, communicative activities and games.
b)
Meaning, use and form
Meaning - teachers introduce a new language to children in MEANINGFUL
CONTEXT to help the children understand the meaning of the language that they
are learning.
Use - After children are exposed to English language through the situations
manipulated by teachers, they also need opportunities to use English to
communicate with others. They may use the language to play or to act in plays.
Form - Children are subconsciously notice form of language (grammar) and tend to
use language naturally in accordance with their need. Thus, teachers have the
responsibility to attract childrens attention to language forms during English
lesson, which means that the teachers are making the children aware of accurate
language use both orally and written.
c)
As a language teacher, you required a sound knowledge of grammar so that you
can:
1. Understand the grammar items in the syllabus and select appropriate language
forms for teaching
2. Grade and sequence the grammar items appropriately
3. Integrate grammar with the teaching of the language skills (listening, speaking,
reading, and writing)
4. Select appropriate techniques for presenting grammar items. (Eg: Puppets can be
used together with songs to teach the language functions and the social skills of
greeting, responding to conversation, and initiating conversation.
5. Identify and analyze students errors and provide feedback and correction.

2. a)
In covert grammar teaching, the teacher gets the pupils involved in using the
structure without drawing their attention to grammatical rules. The students
attention is focused on the activity and not the grammar rules, but they have ample
opportunity to practice.
Errors should be tolerated during the course of the activity. But they should also be
noted down and dealt with at a later session.
b)

3. a)
i. Back to basics
- Build a strong foundation of language skills.
Assessment for learning
- Continuous principle is an integral part of learning which enables teachers
to assess whether pupils have acquired the learning standard taught.
ii. Where is it? Where is it?
- Teacher teaches pupils prepositions and how to use them in sentences.
- Teacher instructs the pupils to place the objects according to instructions.

b)
 i. Grammar: Interrogative pronouns ( Wh- questions)
Sentence pattern: Where does a doctor works?
A doctor works at a hospital.
ii. Technique : Using song
Teacher plays a video of a song.
Teacher asked questions based on the song.
4. a) Song incorporates element of fun.
Song develops multiple intelligence in terms of music.
Songs create a non-threatening atmosphere for students.
Songs are authentic texts, hence they are motivating: possess prosodic
features of the language such as stress, rhythm, intonation which students
can emulate.
b) I agree with the above statement to a certain extent. The use of dialogues is
considered as effective in teaching grammar in a meaningful context
because it give them opportunities to practise it in daily life situations. For
example, a dialogue between a tourist and a local asking for directions.
The use of dialogues also teaches punctuations. For example, pupil can
differentiate between a statement and a question when writing text
messages.
However, not all context used in dialogue are suitable for the pupils. Pupils
might get confused with formal and informal language. For example, the use
wanna and want to.
3) Grammar is typical and usually tested by means of discrete items test. Discuss
why a discrete item test is accepted and relevant for assessing grammar
competence.
Discrete item test is also known as syntactocentric type which examine one
language point at a time, e.g. a multiple-choice format test in which students are
tested on the use of prepositions.
Discrete item test is accepted and relevant for assessing grammar competence
because a discrete feature test in writing test pupils mastery of grammar.
Grammar is considered an important component of good writing.