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The ACI recognizes the Empirical Design Method for the design of load-
bearing concrete walls having the following limitations:
Load-bearing Wall
Lu
25
2. Minimum wall thickness tw = larger of
4 Interior walls only
7 Exterior walls
tw
3. Applied load eccentricity e (including lateral load moments) <
6
Lecture 21 Page 1 of 7
5. Must have horizontal & vertical reinforcement, with 2 rows of
reinforcing for walls with tw > 10
3tw
18
KL 2
Pn = 0.55f ' c Ag 1 u
32t w
where: = 0.70
Lecture 21 Page 2 of 7
Example
GIVEN: A poured-in-place concrete wall supports W18x35 steel beams spaced
6-0 apart and rests on 10 wide steel bearing plates. Use the following:
Beam end reaction = 22 KIPS Service Dead Load (Not incl. wall wt.)
= 15 KIPS Service Live Load
PDEAD = 22 KIPS
PLIVE = 15 KIPS
Steel beam
Wind = 25 PSF
Lu = 13-0
10 bearing
plate
Wall
Fin. Grade
Slab on grade
Lecture 21 Page 3 of 7
Step 1 Determine Trial thickness of wall, tw:
Lu 13'0" (12" / ft )
= = 6.24
25 25
Minimum wall thickness tw = larger of
4
7 Largest
wL2
Mwind =
8
(25PSFx1'0" )(13' ) 2
=
8
Lecture 21 Page 4 of 7
Step 4 Determine if eccentricity is acceptable for Empirical Design:
e = eccentricity
M
= Service wind load moment
P
3.168Kip Ft (12" / ft )
=
44.8KIPS Service axial load (see
above)
= 0.85 inches
tw
The empirical design method dictates that e <
6
tw
= 1.33 > 0.85 OK to use Empirical Design Method
6
Pu = 1.2(PDEAD) + 1.6(PLIVE)
= 1.2(29.8 KIPS) + 1.6(15 KIPS)
= 59.8 KIPS
= (10)(8)
= 80 in2
Lecture 21 Page 5 of 7
Step 7 Determine design axial strength of wall Pn:
KL 2
Pn = 0.55f ' c Ag 1 u
32t w
(1.0)(13' x12" / ft ) 2
= 0.55(0.70)(4000 PSI )(336in ) 1
2
32(8" )
3tw = 3(8) = 24
Maximum bar spacing = smaller of
or
18 USE
Lecture 21 Page 6 of 7
b) Horizontal bars As = 0.0020(tw)(12)
= 0.0020(8)(12)
= 0.192 in2
= 19.4
19.4
or
or
18 USE
Lecture 21 Page 7 of 7