Bautista, Gio Ferson M.

CHEM 199
2012 11169 March 24, 2017

Persulfurated Coronene Sulflower: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical

Application

There has been a steady increase in demand for clean and efficient energy storage devices
due to the ever-rising concerns about limited global energy supply and environment and climate
changes. Safe, low-cost, high-energy-density and long-lasting rechargeable batteries are also in
high demand to address pressing environmental needs for energy storage systems that can be
coupled to renewable sources. Due to high volume and gravimetric energy density, rechargeable
lithium batteries have become the dominant power source for portable electronic devices
including cell phones and laptops.

Persulfurated Coronene: A New Generation of Sulflower (Dong et al., 2017)

-Sulfur-rich polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

1. unique redox behavior
2. promising charge transport properties for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and
organic photovoltaics (OPVs)

Generations of Sulflowers
Importance of the all-sulfur periphery
Why use coronene core? Why not other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
Structure of the synthesized cpd
Electronic property of the synthesized cpd
Redox behavior of the synthesized cpd
 1. (Anthony, 2008)

The ability to replace inorganic semiconductors with organic counterparts will decrease
manufacturing costs and allow fabrication of devices over large areas or on lightweight, flexible
substrates.

Organic solar cells will provide less expensive, lighter weight, flexible alternatives to traditional
silicon-based devices: some organic solar cells based on conjugated polymers already exhibit
efficiencies in excess of 4 %,[21] which provides a benchmark for acene-based systems.

One of the most important characteristics to be determined for organic semiconductors is the
charge carrier mobility (m), which is a determining factor in the performance of organic
electronic devices such as field-effect transistors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes.

(Chernichenko, Sumerin, Shpanchenko, Balenkova, & Nenajdenko, 2006)

(Wei, Ma, Hendrickson, Tu, & Archer, 2015)

Among all solid-
state cathodes, elemental sulfur offers the greatest promise for reversibly storing large
amounts of electrical energy, up to 2.5 kWh/kg or 2.8 kWh/L, at moderate cost

Unlike
currently used lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which are based on intercalation chemistries
in the cathode that yield one or fewer than one electron per transition-metal ion,6 a
lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell takes advantage of the spontaneous and reversible conversion
reaction of sulfur with lithium ions in the cathode to ideally form lithium sulfide (Li2S).

The high energy of these cells derives from the fact that the conversion reaction yields up
to two electrons per sulfur atom (1675 mAh/g) at a potential of around 2.1 V.

(Talapaneni et al., 2016)

Sulfur is one of the most abundant elements, and more than
70 million tons of elemental sulfur are annually produced as
a by-product of the hydrodesulfurization process in the
petroleum refining industry. This mostly involuntary produc-
tion of sulfur, however, creates a significant global supply
surplus.

(Ji, Lee, & Nazar, 2009)

--discusses lithium ion and lithium sulfur batteries well

Safe, low-cost, high-energy-density and long-lasting recharge-

able batteries are in high demand to address pressing
environmental needs for energy storage systems that can
be coupled to renewable sources

(Wang et al., 2011)

Sulfur is a promising cathode material with a theoretical

specific capacity of 1672 mAh/g,717 5 times higher than those
of traditional cathode materials based on transition metal oxides
or phosphates. Sulfur also possesses other advantages such as low
cost and environmental benignity.

Problems :
1. Low electrical conductivity of sulfur
2. Dissolution of polysulfides
3. Volume expansion of sulfur

Effects:
1. Poor cycle life
2. Low specific capacity
 3. Low energy efficiency

References:
Anthony, J. E. (2008). The Larger Acenes: Versatile Organic Semiconductors. Angewandte

Chemie International Edition, 47(3), 452483. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200604045

Chernichenko, K. Y., Sumerin, V. V., Shpanchenko, R. V., Balenkova, E. S., & Nenajdenko, V. G.

(2006). Sulflower: A New Form of Carbon Sulfide. Angewandte Chemie International

Edition, 45(44), 73677370. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200602190

Dong, R., Pfeffermann, M., Skidin, D., Wang, F., Fu, Y., Narita, A., Feng, X. (2017).

Persulfurated Coronene: A New Generation of Sulflower. Journal of the American

Chemical Society, 139(6), 21682171. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b12630

Ji, X., Lee, K. T., & Nazar, L. F. (2009). A highly ordered nanostructured carbonsulphur cathode

for lithiumsulphur batteries. Nature Materials, 8(6), 500506.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2460

Talapaneni, S. N., Hwang, T. H., Je, S. H., Buyukcakir, O., Choi, J. W., & Coskun, A. (2016).

Elemental-Sulfur-Mediated Facile Synthesis of a Covalent Triazine Framework for High-

Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55(9),

31063111. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201511553

Wang, H., Yang, Y., Liang, Y., Robinson, J. T., Li, Y., Jackson, A., Dai, H. (2011). Graphene-

Wrapped Sulfur Particles as a Rechargeable LithiumSulfur Battery Cathode Material

with High Capacity and Cycling Stability. Nano Letters, 11(7), 26442647.

https://doi.org/10.1021/nl200658a
Wei, S., Ma, L., Hendrickson, K. E., Tu, Z., & Archer, L. A. (2015). MetalSulfur Battery

Cathodes Based on PANSulfur Composites. Journal of the American Chemical Society,

137(37), 1214312152. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b08113