SECTION 5

Nozzles
Home tab: Components > Add New Nozzle
Calculates the required reinforcement under internal pressure and performs failure path
calculations for nozzles in shells and heads, using the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1
rules. You can also orientate the nozzle in directions such as hillside, lateral, and radial.

In This Section
Purpose, Scope, and Technical Basis (Nozzles)........................... 97
Nozzle Tab ..................................................................................... 98
Geometry Tab ................................................................................ 101
Miscellaneous Tab ......................................................................... 105
Shell/Head Tab .............................................................................. 113
Results ........................................................................................... 117

Purpose, Scope, and Technical Basis (Nozzles)

Nozzles calculates the required wall thickness and area of reinforcement for a nozzle in a
pressure vessel shell or head, and compares this area to the area available in the shell, nozzle
and optional reinforcing pad. The software also calculates the strength of failure paths for a
nozzle. Nozzles is based on the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Paragraph UG-37
through UG-45, 2007 Edition. The calculation procedure is based on Figure UG-37.1. The
software calculates the required thickness (for reinforcement conditions) based on inside or
outside diameter for the following vessel components:

Component Paragraph Limitations Per UW-37

Cylinder UG-27 (c) (1) None

Elliptical Head UG-32 (d) (1) Nozzle concentric within 0.8D

Torispherical Head UG-32 (e) (1) Nozzle in spherical portion

Spherical Head or Shell UG-27 (d) (3) None

Conical UG-27 (g) None

The software evaluates nozzles at any reasonable angle from the perpendicular, allowing
evaluation of off angle, hillside, or tangential nozzles.

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Nozzles

Nozzles account for the internal corrosion allowance. You enter actual thickness and corrosion
allowance, and the software adjusts thicknesses and diameters when making calculations for
the corroded condition. Nozzles also performs UCS-66 MDMT calculations for nozzles.

Figure 18: Nozzle Dimensions

Nozzle Tab
Specifies design parameters for nozzles.
Item Number - Enter the ID number of the item. This may be the item number on the drawing,
or numbers that start at 1 and increase sequentially.
Description - Enter an alpha-numeric description for the item. This entry is optional but strongly
encouraged for organizational and support purposes.
Design Internal Pressure - Enter the internal design pressure. This is a non-zero positive value
and is usually obtained from the design drawings or vessel design specification.
Required information such as the required thickness tr and trn are determined from the design
internal pressure.
Design Temperature for Internal Pressure - The software automatically updates material
properties for built-in materials when you change the design temperature. If you entered the
allowable stresses by hand, you are responsible to update them for the given temperature.
Design External Pressure - Enter the external design pressure. CodeCalc will compute the
required thickness of the given geometry for the external pressure entered. If you are designing
for a full vacuum, you would enter a value of 14.7 psig (or rounded off to 15 psig) or 1.0133
bars.
CodeCalc will compute the required thickness for both external and internal pressure. Then, the
software chooses the greatest required thickness, tr, and proceeds with the calculations.
If external pressure governs, the program will automatically reduce the required area of
reinforcement by 50 percent.
Shell Design Length for External Pressure - Enter the design length of the section, typically
the length of the vessel plus one third the depth of the heads or, alternately, the distance
between stiffening rings.
For a vessel with 2 elliptical heads and no intermediate stiffeners, the design length is the
tangent to tangent length plus the shell diameter / 6.
For a vessel with 2 spherical heads and no intermediate stiffeners, the design length is the
tangent length plus the diameter/3.

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 Nozzles

For a vessel with 2 flanged and dished heads and no intermediate stiffeners, the design length
is the tangent length plus the diameter/9.
When analyzing a conical head enter the length along the axis of the cone, from the small end to
the point where the nozzle center line penetrates the cone. If any other head types are being
analyzed, enter a 0 here and you must enter the required thickness of the component in the
required field.
Print Intermediate Calculations For External Pressure - Indicates that CodeCalc will print
out the parameters used for external pressure design.
Design Temperature for External Pressure - The CodeCalc software will automatically update
materials properties for BUILT-IN materials when you change the design temperature. If you
entered the allowable stresses by hand, you are responsible to update them for the given
temperature.
Maximum Allowable Pressure for New Cold - Some design specifications require that nozzle
reinforcement calculations are performed for the maximum allowable pressure, new and cold
condition, MAPnc. MAPnc for the nozzles is the minimum of the MAPs determined from
analyzing the vessel elements using the Shell/Head part of the software.
The software will then check to see if the nozzle is reinforced adequately using the user entered
MAPnc. When the area of replacement calculations are made for this case, cold allowable
stresses are used and the corrosion allowance is set to 0. Designing nozzles for this case helps
the vessel to comply with UG99 or appropriate (hydrotest) requirements. Check your design
requirements to see if this case is required by your client.
Nozzle Material Name - Specify the material name as it appears in the material specification of
the appropriate code.

1. Click to open the Material Database Dialog Box (on page 423).
The software displays the Material Database dialog box, which displays read-only
information about the selected material.
2. Select the material that you want to use from the list.
The software displays the material properties.
3. Click Select to use the material, or click Back to select a different material.

Alternatively, you can type the material name as it appears in the material specification. If
you type in the name, the software retrieves the first material it finds in the material database
with a matching name.
To modify material properties, go to the Tools tab and select Edit/Add Materials.
Include Hydrostatic Head Components - If your nozzle design needs to account for
hydrostatic liquid head, select this box. CodeCalc adds the hydrostatic pressure head to the
internal design pressure for the required thickness calculation.
Operating Liquid Density - Enter the density of the operating fluid. This value is multiplied by
the height of the liquid column in order to compute the static head pressure.
You can enter a number of specific gravity units and CodeCalc converts the number to the
current set of units. To do this, enter a number followed by the letters sg.
Typical specific gravities and densities are shown below in lbs/ft^3.

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Convert the densities to your units.

Name Specific Gravity Density (lb/ft^3)

Ethane 0.3564 22.23

Propane 0.5077 31.66

N-butane 0.5844 36.44

Iso-butane 0.5631 35.11

N-Pentane 0.6310 39.35

Iso-Pentane 0.6247 38.96

N-hexane 0.6640 41.41

2-methypentane 0.6579 41.03

3-methylpentane 0.6689 41.71

2,2-dimethylbutane 0.6540 40.78

2,3-dimethylbutane 0.6664 41.56

N-heptane 0.6882 42.92

2-methylheptane 0.6830 42.59

3-methylheptane 0.6917 43.13

2,2-dimethylpentane 0.6782 42.29

2,4-dimethylpentane 0.6773 42.24

1,1-dimethylcyclopentane 0.7592 47.34

N-octane 0.7068 44.08

Cyclopentane 0.7504 46.79

Methylcyclopentane 0.7536 46.99

Cyclohexane 0.7834 48.85

Methylcyclohexane 0.7740 48.27

Benzene 0.8844 55.15

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 Nozzles

Toluene 0.8718 54.37

Alcohol 0.7900 49.26

Ammonia 0.8900 55.50

Benzine 0.6900 43.03

Gasoline 0.7000 43.65

Kerosene 0.8000 49.89

Mineral Oil 0.9200 57.37

Petroleum Oil 0.8200 51.14

Water 1.0 62.4

Height of Liquid Column - Enter the distance from the bottom of this shell or head element to
the surface of the liquid. The head pressure is determined by multiplying the liquid density by the
height of the fluid to the point of interest.

Geometry Tab
Specifies nozzle geometry parameters.
Nozzle Diameter Basis - Specifies the diameter basis.
ID - Inside diameter
OD - Outside diameter
Nozzle Size Thickness Basis - Select the value from the list.
Actual - Actual diameter and thickness. The software uses the actual diameter entered in
the Nominal Diameter of Nozzle box and the actual thickness entered in the Actual
Thickness of Nozzle (0 if Nominal) box.
Nominal - Nominal diameter and thickness. The software looks up the actual diameter
based on the nominal diameter entered in the Nominal Diameter of Nozzle box, and looks
up the nominal thickness based on the schedule entered in the Nominal Schedule of
Nozzle field.
Minimum - Minimum diameter and thickness. The software looks up the actual diameter
based on the nominal diameter entered in the Nominal Diameter of Nozzle box, and looks
up the nominal thickness based on the schedule entered in the Nominal Schedule of
Nozzle field. It will then multiply the nominal thickness by a factor of 0.875.

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Nominal Diameter of Nozzle - Enter the diameter of the nozzle. If you specify nominal or
minimum for the nozzle size and thickness basis, then you must enter the nominal diameter of
the nozzle in this field. Valid nominal diameters are:

0.1250 - 1/8 " 1.2500 - 1.25 "

0.2500 - 1/4 " 1.5000 - 1.5 "
0.3750 - 3/8 " 2.0000 - 2 "
0.5000 - 1/2 " 2.5000 - 2.5 "
0.7500 - 3/4 " 3.0000 - 3 "
1.0000 - 1 " 3.5000 - 3.5 "
1.2500 - 1.25 " 4.0000 - 4 "
1.5000 - 1.5 " 5.0000 - 5 "
2.0000 - 2 " 6.0000 - 6 "
2.5000 - 2.5 " 8.0000 - 8 "
3.0000 - 3 " 10.000 - 10 "
3.5000 - 3.5 " 12.000 - 12 "
0.1250 - 1/8 " 14.000 - 14 "
0.2500 - 1/4 " 16.000 - 16 "
0.3750 - 3/8 " 18.000 - 18 "
0.5000 - 1/2 " 20.000 - 20 "
0.7500 - 3/4 " 24.000 - 24 "
1.0000 - 1 " 30.000 - 30 "

Click Pipe Selection to select a pipe by nominal pip diameter and pipe schedule.
Actual Thickness of Nozzle (0 if Nominal) - Enter the minimum actual thickness of the nozzle
wall.
Enter a value in this field only if you selected Actual in the Nozzle Size Thickness Basis field.
Otherwise enter a schedule in the Nominal Schedule of Nozzle field.
Nominal Schedule of Nozzle - Select the schedule for the nozzle wall. Select a value for this
field only if you selected Nominal or Minimum In the Nozzle Size Thickness Basis field.
Required Thickness of Nozzle (Computed if 0.0) - The software normally calculates the
required thickness of the nozzle but under the following circumstances you must enter the
required thickness (Trn):
When your job specification requires that no area be included from the shell. Enter the
actual thickness minus the corrosion allowance.
When the nozzle is non-circular.

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Nozzle Corrosion Allowance - The software adjusts both the actual thickness and the inside
diameter for the corrosion allowance you enter.
Some Common Corrosion Allowances are:
0.0625 - 1/16 "
0.1250 - 1/8 "
0.2500 - 1/4 "
Joint Efficiency of Shell Seam Through Which Nozzle Passes - The seam efficiency is used
in the area available calculations to reduce the area available in the shell.
For shell and nozzle wall thickness calculations, the seam efficiency is always 1.0.
Joint Efficiency of Nozzle Neck - This value is used to compute the required thickness for a
seamless nozzle. A seamless nozzle will have a value of 1.0. The nozzle required thickness
values are used in the CODE equations for A2 "area available in the nozzle".
CodeCalc will use this value in determining the MDMT of the Nozzle.
Insert or Abutting Nozzle - The nozzle type and depth of groove welds are used to determine
the required weld thicknesses and failure paths for the nozzle. If the nozzle is welded to the
outside of the vessel wall, it is abutting the vessel wall. If the hole in the vessel is bigger than the
nozzle OD and the nozzle is welded into the hole, it is inserted. Figure UW-16.1 in the code
shows typical insert and abutting nozzles.
Nozzle Outside Projection - Enter the projection of the nozzle from the vessel wall to the
nozzle flange. If there is no flange, enter the distance to the first elbow, valve, or anything that
can be considered a stiffener. This value is used in two ways:
This length is used to compute the nozzle weight.
If the pressure entered is negative (vacuum) condition, the software uses this value for the
length in the external pressure required thickness calculations.

Weld Leg Size for Fillet between Nozzle Shell or Pad - Enter the size of one leg of the fillet
weld between the nozzle and the pad or shell. The following figure shows different welds.

Figure 19: Nozzle Weld Locations

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Depth of Groove Weld between Nozzle and Vessel - Enter the total depth of the groove weld.
Most groove welds between the nozzle and the vessel are full penetration welds. The depth of
the weld is the same as the depth of the component (that is, the thickness of the nozzle). If the
nozzle is attached with a partial penetration weld, or just a fillet weld, enter the depth of the
partial penetration or a zero, respectively, in this field.
Nozzle Inside Projection - Enter the projection of the nozzle into the vessel.
The software uses the least of the inside projection and the thickness limit with no pad to
calculate the area available in the inward nozzle. Therefore, you may safely enter a large
number such as six or twelve inches if the nozzle continues into the vessel a long distance.
Weld Leg for Fillet Between Nozzle Inside of Shell - Enter the size of one leg of the fillet weld
between the inward nozzle and the inside shell.
Is there a reinforcing pad? - If there is a reinforcing pad on the nozzle, or if you want to specify
the geometry for a reinforcing pad, select this option.
CodeCalc designs and recommends a reinforcing pad if one is needed, but the
analysis of areas is based only on what you have entered. If CodeCalc recommends a pad or a
larger pad than the one you enter, you must go back into input and enter a pad of the correct
size in order for the final configuration to be reflected in the final analysis.
Pad Outside Diameter Along Vessel Surface - Enter the outside diameter of the pad.
The diameter of the pad is entered as the length along the vessel shell (not the projected
diameter around the nozzle), although these two values will be equal when the nozzle is at 90
degrees.
A hillside or Y- angle nozzle makes a non-circular hole in the vessel. As a result, a reinforcing
pad with same width around the nozzle will have different diameter in the longitudinal and the
circumferential planes. For this type of nozzle, enter the smaller diameter, which is
Pad OD = 2 * pad width + Nozzle OD
Pad Thickness - Enter the thickness of the pad. If any external corrosion is to be considered,
subtract the corrosion allowance from the new pad thickness. Some commonly used
thicknesses are:
0.0625 - 1/16 "
0.1250 - 1/8 "
0.2500 - 1/4 "
0.3750 - 3/8 "
0.4375 - 7/16 "
0.5000 - 1/2 "
0.6250 - 5/8 "
0.7500 - 3/4 "
0.8750 - 7/8 "
1.0000 - 1 "

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Pad Weld Leg Size at Outside Diameter - Enter the size of one leg of the fillet weld between
the pad OD and the shell. Note that if any part of this weld falls outside the diameter limit, the
weld will not be included in the available area. The following figure shows different welds.
Depth of Groove Weld Between Pad and Nozzle Neck - Enter the total depth of the groove
weld between the pad and the nozzle neck. If the nozzle is attached with a partial penetration
weld, or just a fillet weld, enter the depth of the partial penetration or a zero, respectively, in this
field.
Pad Material Name - Specify the material name as it appears in the material specification of the
appropriate code.

1. Click to open the Material Database Dialog Box (on page 423).
The software displays the Material Database dialog box, which displays read-only
information about the selected material.
2. Select the material that you want to use from the list.
The software displays the material properties.
3. Click Select to use the material, or click Back to select a different material.

Alternatively, you can type the material name as it appears in the material specification. If
you type in the name, the software retrieves the first material it finds in the material database
with a matching name.
To modify material properties, go to the Tools tab and select Edit/Add Materials.

For split pads, reduce area A5 by 75% per UG-37(h) - Indicates that the area will be reduced
by 75%.

Miscellaneous Tab
Specifies miscellaneous nozzle parameters.
Is the Nozzle Outside the 80% Diameter Limit? - If the nozzle is outside of the spherical
portion of the elliptical or torispherical head, select this option. The software uses the standard
internal pressure equation from UG-27 instead of the equation from UG-37.
When a nozzle is within the 80% diameter limit, the required thickness of the head is equal to
that of a seamless sphere of radius K1*D (D is the shell diameter and K1 is given by Table
UG-37).
Do you want to modify the reinforcement limit? - You can enter any physical limitation that
exists on the thickness or the diameter available for reinforcement. An example of a thickness
limitation is a studding pad or nozzle stub that does not extend normal to the vessel wall as far
as the thickness limit of the nozzle calculation. An example of a diameter limitation is two
nozzles close together, or a vessel seam for which you did not want to take an available area
reduction.
Physical Maximum for Nozzle Diameter Limit - Enter the maximum diameter for material
contributing to nozzle reinforcement.

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An example of a diameter limitation would be two nozzles close together, or a vessel seam for
which you did not want to take an available area reduction.
A hillside or Y- angle nozzle makes a non-circular hole in the vessel. So, the diameter limit in the
longitudinal and the circumferential planes is different. For this type of nozzle, enter the smaller
diameter limit.
Physical Maximum for Nozzle Thickness Limit - Enter the maximum thickness for material
contributing to nozzle reinforcement. An example of a thickness limitation would be a studding
pad or nozzle stub which would not extend normal to the vessel wall as far as the thickness limit
of the nozzle calculation.
Neglect Areas - Frequently in the analysis of openings in heads or shells, you do not want to
account for the area in the shell and sometimes in the nozzle. If this is what your design
specification calls out for then enter one of the following in this field.
A1 - No area available in the shell or head
A2 - No area available in the nozzle wall
A1 A2 - No area available in the shell or nozzle wall
If the input has A2 there will be no area contributed by the nozzle wall for either the pad
case (A2WP) or the case when there is no pad (A2NP).
ASME Large Nozzle Calc. Option - Select the large nozzle calculation option from the list.
Do you want to rate the attached flange? - Specifies that the software asks you the class and
grade of the attached flange. The software will used these two items along with the temperature
to rate the flange using the tables in ANSI B16.5.
Class for Attached B16.5 Flange - The attached flange often limits the MAWP of a pressure
vessel. If your geometry has an attached flange, select the class from the list. The following
flange classes are available:
CL 150 - Class 150
CL 300 - Class 300
CL 400 - Class 400
CL 600 - Class 600
CL 900 - Class 900
CL 1500 - Class 1500
CL 2500 - Class 2500

Grade of Attached B16.5 Flange - Select the nozzle flange material grade (group). Please note
that there are certain advisories on the use of certain material grades. Please review those
cautionary notes in the ANSI B16.5 code. The following flange grades are available:

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Table 1A List of Material Specifications (ASME B16.5-2003)

Material
Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates
Group

1.1 C-Si A 105 A 515 Gr. 70

A 216 Gr. WCB
C-Mn-Si A 350 Gr. LF2 A 516 Gr. 70
C-Mn-Si-V A 350 Gr. LF 6 Cl.1 A 537 Cl. 1
3 Ni A 350 Gr. LF3

A 216 Gr. WCC

C-Mn-Si
1.2 A 352 Gr. LCC
C-Mn-Si-V
A 350 Gr. LF 6 Cl.2 A 352 Gr. LC2
2Ni A 203 Gr. B
A 352 Gr. LC3
3Ni A 203 Gr. E

C-Si
1.3 A 352 Gr. LCB A 515 Gr. 65
C-Mn-Si
A 217 Gr. WC1 A 516 Gr. 65
C-Mo
A 352 Gr. LC1 A 203 Gr. A
2 Ni
A 203 Gr. D
3 Ni

1.4 C-Si A 515 Gr. 60

C-Mn-Si A 350 Gr. LF1 Cl. 1 A 516 Gr. 60

1.5 C-1/2Mo A 182 Gr. F1 A 204 Gr. A

A 204 Gr. B

C-Mo
1.7 A 182 Gr. F2
Ni-Cr-Mo A 217 Gr. WC4
Ni-Cr-1Mo A 217 Gr. WC5

1.9 1Cr-Mo A 217 Gr. WC6

1Cr-Mo-Si A 182 Gr. F11 Cl.2 A 387 Gr. 11 Cl.2

1.10 2Cr-1Mo A 182 Gr. F22 Cl.3 A 217 Gr. WC9 A 387 Gr. 22 Cl.2

1.11 Cr-Mo A 204 Gr. C

1.13 5Cr-Mo A 217 Gr. C5

A 182 Gr. F5a

1.14 9Cr-1Mo A 182 Gr. F9 A 217 Gr. C12

1.15 9Cr-1Mo-V A 182 Gr. F91 A 217 Gr. C12A A 387 Gr. 91 Cl.2

1.17 1Cr-Mo A 182 Gr. F12 Cl.2

5Cr-Mo A 182 Gr. F5

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Nozzles

Material
Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates
Group

2.1 18Cr-8Ni A 182 Gr. F304 A 351 Gr. CF3 A 240 Gr. 304
A 182 Gr. F304H A 351 Gr. CF8 A 240 Gr. 304H

A 182 Gr. F316

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo A 351 Gr. CF3M A 240 Gr. 316
2.2 A 182 Gr. F316H
18Cr-13Ni-3Mo A 351 Gr. CF8M A 240 Gr. 316H
A 182 Gr. F317
19Cr-10Ni-3Mo A 351 Gr. CG8M A 240 Gr. 317

2.3 18Cr-8Ni A 182 Gr. F304L A 240 Gr. 304L

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo A 182 Gr. F316L A 240 Gr. 316L

2.4 18Cr-10Ni-Ti A 182 Gr. F321 A 240 Gr. 321

A 182 Gr. F321H A 240 Gr. 321H

A 182 Gr. F347 A 240 Gr. 347

2.5 18Cr-10Ni-Cb
A 182 Gr. F347H A 240 Gr. 347H
A 182 Gr. F348 A 240 Gr. 348
A 182 Gr. F348H A 240 Gr. 348H

2.6 23Cr-12Ni A 240 Gr. 309H

2.7 25Cr-20Ni A 182 Gr. F310 A 240 Gr. 310H

A 351 Gr.
20Cr-18Ni-6Mo CK3McuN
22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-N
A 182 Gr. F44 A 240 Gr. S31254
2.8 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-N A 351 Gr.
A 182 Gr. F51 A 240 Gr. S31803
24Cr-10Ni-4Mo-V CE8MN
A 182 Gr. F53 A 240 Gr. S32750
25Cr-5Ni-2Mo-3Cu A 351 Gr.
25Cr-7Ni-3.5Mo-W-Cb CD4Mcu
A 240 Gr. S32760
25Cr-7Ni-3.5Mo-N-Cu- A 351 Gr.
W CD3MWCuN

2.9 23Cr-12Ni A 240 Gr. 309S

25Cr-20Ni A 240 Gr. 310S

2.10 25Cr-12Ni A 351 Gr. CH8

A 351 Gr. CH20

2.11 18Cr-10Ni-Cb A 351 Gr. CF8C

2.12 25Cr-20Ni A 351 Gr. CK20

3.1 35Ni-35Fe-10Cr-Cb B 462 Gr. N08020 B 463 Gr. N08020

3.2 99.0Ni B 160 Gr. N02200 B 162 Gr. N02200

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 Nozzles

Material
Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates
Group

3.3 99.0Ni-Low C B 160 Gr. N02201 B 162 Gr. N02201

3.4 67Ni-30Cu B 564 Gr. N04400 B 127 Gr. N04400

67Ni-30Cu-S B 164 Gr. N04405

3.5 72Ni-15Cr-8Fe B 564 Gr. N06600 B 168 Gr. N06600

3.6 33Ni-42Fe-21Cr B 564 Gr. N08800 B 409 Gr. N08800

65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
B 462 Gr. N10665 B 333 Gr. N10665
3.7 64Ni-29.5Mo-2Cr-2Fe-
B 462 Gr. N10675 B 333 Gr. N10675
Mn-W

54Ni-16Mo-15Cr B 564 Gr. N10276

B 575 Gr. N10276
60Ni-22Cr-9Mo-3.5Cb B 564 Gr. N06625
B 443 Gr. N06625
3.8 62Ni-28Mo-5Fe B 335 Gr. N10001
B 333 Gr. N10001
70Ni-16Mo-7Cr-5Fe B 573 Gr. N10003
B 434 Gr. N10003
61Ni-16Mo-16Cr B 574 Gr. N06455
B 575 Gr. N06455
42Ni-21.5Cr-3Mo-2.3C B 564 Gr. N08825
B 424 Gr. N08825
u B 462 Gr. N06022
B 575 Gr. N06022
55Ni-21Cr-13.5Mo B 462 Gr. N06200
B 575 Gr. N06200
55Ni-23Cr-16Mo-1.6Cu

3.9 47Ni-22Cr-9Mo-I8Fe B 572 Gr. N06002 B 435 Gr. N06002

3.10 25Ni-46Fe-21Cr-5Mo B 672 Gr. N08700 B 599 Gr. N08700

3.11 44Fe-25Ni-21Cr-Mo B 649 Gr. N08904 B 625 Gr. N08904

26Ni-43Fe-22Cr-5Mo
B 621 Gr. N08320 B 620 Gr. N08320
3.12 47Ni-22Cr-20Fe-7Mo
B 581 Gr. N06985 A 351 Gr. B 582 Gr. N06985
46Fe-24Ni-21Cr-6Mo-
B 462 Gr. N08367 CN3MN B 688 Gr. N08367
Cu-N

3.13 49Ni-25Cr-18Fe-6Mo B 581 Gr. N06975 B 582 Gr. N06975

Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu-Low C B 462 Gr. N08031 B 625 Gr. N08031

3.14 47Ni-22Cr-19Fe-6Mo B 581 Gr. N06007 B 582 Gr. N06007

40Ni-29Cr-15Fe-5Mo B 462 Gr. N06030 B 582 Gr. N06030

3.15 33Ni-42Fe-21Cr B 564 Gr. N08810 B 409 Gr. N08810

3.16 35Ni-19Cr-1Si B 511 Gr. N08330 B 536 Gr. N08330

29Ni-20.5Cr-3.5Cu-2.5
3.17 A 351 Gr. CN7M
Mo

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Table 1A List of Material Specifications (ASME B16.5-1996)

Material Nominal
Forgings Castings Plates
Group Designation

C-Si A 105 A 216 Gr. WCB A 515 Gr. 70

1.1
C-Mn-Si A 350 Gr. LF2 A 216 Gr. WCC A 516 Gr. 70
C-Mn-Si-V A 350 Gr. LF 6 Cl.1 A 537 Cl. 1

C-Mn-Si A 352 Gr. LCC

1.2 A 350 Gr. LF 6 Cl.2 A 203 Gr. B
C-Mn-Si-V A 352 Gr. LC2
A 350 Gr. LF3 A 203 Gr. E
21/2Ni A 352 Gr. LC3
31/2Ni

C-Si A 515 Gr. 65

1.3 A 352 Gr. LCB
C-Mn-Si A 516 Gr. 65
21/2Ni A 203 Gr. A
31/2Ni A 203 Gr. D

1.4 C-Si A 350 Gr. LF1 Cl. 1 A 515 Gr. 60

C-Mn-Si A 516 Gr. 60

A 217 Gr. WC1 A 204 Gr. A

1.5 C-1/2Mo A 182 Gr. F1
A 352 Gr. LC1 A 204 Gr. B
A 204 Gr. C

C-1/2Mo
1.7 1/2Cr-1/2Mo A 182 Gr. F2 A 217 Gr. WC4
Ni-1/2Cr-1/2Mo A 217 Gr. WC5
3/4Ni-3/4Cr-1M
o

1Cr-1/2Mo
A 182 Gr. F12 Cl.2
1.9 11/4Cr-1/2Mo A 217 Gr. WC6 A 387 Gr. 11 Cl.2
A 182 Gr. F11 Cl.2
11/4Cr-1/2Mo-
Si

1.10 21/4Cr-1Mo A 182 Gr. F22 Cl.3 A 217 Gr. WC9 A 387 Gr. 22 Cl.2

1.13 5Cr-1/2Mo A 182 Gr. F5 A 217 Gr. C5

A 182 Gr. F5a

1.14 9Cr-1Mo A 182 Gr. F9 A 217 Gr. C12

1.15 9Cr-1Mo-V A 182 Gr. F91 A 217 Gr. C12A A 387 Gr. 91 Cl.2

2.1 18Cr-8Ni A 182 Gr. F304 A 351 Gr. CF3 A 240 Gr. 304
A 182 Gr. F304H A 351 Gr. CF8 A 240 Gr. 304H

2.2 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo A 182 Gr. F316 A 351 Gr. CF3M A 240 Gr. 316

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Material Nominal
Forgings Castings Plates
Group Designation
18Cr-13Ni-3Mo A 182 Gr. F316H A 351 Gr. CF8M A 240 Gr. 316H
19Cr-10Ni-3Mo A 351 Gr. CG8M A 240 Gr. 317

2.3 18Cr-8Ni A 182 Gr. F304L A 240 Gr. 304L

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo A 182 Gr. F316L A 240 Gr. 316L

2.4 18Cr-10Ni-Ti A 182 Gr. F321 A 240 Gr. 321

A 182 Gr. F321H A 240 Gr. 321H

A 182 Gr. F347 A 240 Gr. 347

2.5 18Cr-10Ni-Cb A 351 Gr. CF8C
A 182 Gr. F347H A 240 Gr. 347H
A 182 Gr. F348 A 240 Gr. 348
A 182 Gr. F348H A 240 Gr. 348H

25Cr-12Ni A 351 Gr. CH8 A 240 Gr. 309S

2.6
A 351 Gr. CH20 A 240 Gr. 309H
23Cr-12Ni

2.7 25Cr-20Ni A 182 Gr. F310 A 351 Gr. CK20 A 240 Gr. 310S
A 240 Gr. 310H

20Cr-18Ni-6Mo
22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-
N
25Cr-7Ni-4Mo- A 351 Gr. CK3McuN
A 182 Gr. F44 A 240 Gr. S31254
N A 351 Gr. CE8MN
2.8 A 182 Gr. F51 A 240 Gr. S31803
24Cr-10Ni-4Mo A 351 Gr. CD4Mcu
A 182 Gr. F53 A 240 Gr. S32750
-V A 351 Gr.
A 182 Gr. F55 A 240 Gr. S32760
25Cr-5Ni-2Mo- CD3MWCuN
3Cu
25Cr-7Ni-3.5M
o-W-Cb
25Cr-7Ni-3.5M
o-N-Cu-W

35Ni-35Fe-20C
3.1 B 462 Gr. N08020 B 463 Gr. N08020
r-Cb

3.2 99.0Ni B 160 Gr. N02200 B 162 Gr. N02200

3.3 99.0Ni-Low C B 160 Gr. N02201 B 162 Gr. N02201

3.4 67Ni-30Cu B 564 Gr. N04400 B 127 Gr. N04400

67Ni-30Cu-S B 164 Gr. N04405

3.5 72Ni-15Cr-8Fe B 564 Gr. N06600 B 168 Gr. N06600

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33Ni-42Fe-21C
3.6 B 564 Gr. N08800 B 409 Gr. N08800
r

3.7 65Ni-28Mo-2Fe B 335 Gr. N10665 B 333 Gr. N10665

54Ni-16Mo-15
Cr
60Ni-22Cr-9Mo
B 564 Gr. N10276 B 575 Gr. N10276
-3.5Cb
3.8 B 564 Gr. N06625 B 443 Gr. N06625
62Ni-28Mo-5Fe
B 335 Gr. N10001 B 333 Gr. N10001
70Ni-16Mo-7Cr
B 573 Gr. N10003 B 434 Gr. N10003
-5Fe
B 574 Gr. N06455 B 575 Gr. N06455
61Ni-16Mo-16
B 564 Gr. N08825 B 424 Gr. N08825
Cr
42Ni-21.5Cr-3
Mo-2.3Cu

ASME Code Weld Type - Select the type of weld connecting the nozzle to the shell or head.
The type of weld can optionally be entered in this field. If it is a type A, B, C, D, E, F-1, F-2, F-3,
F-4, G, X-1, Y-1, OR Z-1 weld, then CodeCalc will not perform the weld strength calculations.
The code exempts these calculations per paragraph UW-15 when one of the above weld
classifications such as A is used.
If it is a type I, J, K, L, X-2, Y-2, Z-2 weld, then CodeCalc will perform the additional weld size
calculations per UW-16(d)(1).
Select None if you want the software to perform the weld strength calculations regardless of the
type of welded geometry.
Is this a manway or access/inspection opening? - UG 45 states that if the opening is a
manway or access opening, the minimum thickness requirement per UG-45 is not required.
Checking this box will cause the software to bypass the UG-45 minimum nozzle neck thickness
requirement.
Perform Area Calculations for Small Nozzles? - Code paragraph UG-36 discusses the
requirement of performing area replacement calculations when small nozzles are involved. The
code states:
Openings in vessels not subject to rapid fluctuations in pressure do not require
reinforcement other than that inherent in the construction under the following conditions :
3.5" finished opening in a shell or head with minimum required thk. of .375 inches or
less
2.375" finished opening in a shell or head greater than minimum required thk. of .375
inches
If your geometry meets this criteria and this checkbox is NOT checked, then no area of
reinforcement calculations will be performed on this nozzle item.
Is this compressed air, water, or steam service? - Select if the vessel s under compressed
air, steam, or water service. This causes the software to use a value of 3/32 instead of the 1/16
inch default per UG 16(b). By default for UG45 the program uses the value of 1/16 of an inch for
minimum thickness considerations.

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Is this welded pipe? - If the pipe is not seamless, then check this box. Note that this value is
only used for documentation purposes and is not used for any computations.
Do not skip iterative failure thickness calcs.? - If this box is checked then the software
iteratively computes the maximum corrosion allowance and minimum wall thickness at which the
failure occurs.
ASME Large Nozzle Calculation Option - Select the large nozzle calculation option from the
list.

Shell/Head Tab
Specifies parameters for shells and heads.
Shell/Head Material Name - Specify the material name as it appears in the material
specification of the appropriate code.

1. Click to open the Material Database Dialog Box (on page 423).
The software displays the Material Database dialog box, which displays read-only
information about the selected material.
2. Select the material that you want to use from the list.
The software displays the material properties.
3. Click Select to use the material, or click Back to select a different material.

Alternatively, you can type the material name as it appears in the material specification. If
you type in the name, the software retrieves the first material it finds in the material database
with a matching name.
To modify material properties, go to the Tools tab and select Edit/Add Materials.
Type of Shell - Select the type of shell for this shell section. The thickness of an elliptical head
is analyzed as an equivalent spherical head, as specified in the Code, paragraph UG-37 (a).
Similarly, the thickness of the spherical portion of a torispherical head is analyzed using the
same paragraph.
You must enter the required thickness (below) under the following circumstances:
Bolted Flat Heads - Calculate the required thickness using the FLANGE module and enter
it in. Additionally, the software automatically reduces the required area of reinforcement if
you specify a flat head per UG-39(b)(1).
Any other geometry not covered by the program.
Aspect Ratio for Elliptical Heads - Enter the aspect ratio for the elliptical head. The aspect
ratio is the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis for the ellipse. For a standard 2:1 elliptical
head the aspect ratio is 2.0.
Inside Crown Radius for Torispherical Heads - Enter the crown radius for torispherical heads.
The crown radius for a torispherical head is referred to as the dimension "L", in the ASME VIII
Div. 1 Code.
This dimension is usually referred to as "DR" in many head catalogs. Even though the head
catalogs list these heads as being "OD" heads, the crown radius is given on the inside diameter

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basis. See the illustration in the catalog and where the arrows for "DR" and "IKR" point to (the
inside of the head). For more information, see Appendix 1-4 in the Code.
Inside Knuckle Radius for Torispherical Heads - Enter the knuckle radius r for torispherical
heads, according to ASME Section VIII Div. 1. This dimension is usually referred to as IKR in
many head catalogs. Even though the head catalogs list these heads as being OD heads, the
knuckle radius is given on the inside diameter basis. See the illustration in the catalog and
where the arrows for DR and IKR point to (the inside of the head). For more information, see
Appendix 1-4 in the Code.
Half Apex Angle for Conical Sections - Enter the half-apex angle for cones or conical
sections. The maximum value of the half apex angle for cones under internal pressure and
without toriconical transitions or discontinuity stress check is 30 degrees. The largest angle for
cones under internal pressure and with toriconical sections or discontinuity stress check is 60
degrees. Typically the largest angle for cones under external pressure is 60 degrees. If you
exceed these values the program will run, but with a warning. In that case the user is
encouraged to use the CONICAL module for a more detailed analysis.
Attachment Factor for Flat Head - Enter the flat head attachment factor, calculated or selected
from ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Paragraph UG-34, Figure UG-34. Some typical
attachment factors display below, however consult Paragraph UG-34 before using these values:

0.17 (b-1) Head welded to vessel with generous radius

0.20 (b-2) Head welded to vessel with small radius

0.20 (c) Lap welded or brazed construction

0.13 (d) Integral flat circular heads

0.20 (e f g) Plate welded inside vessel (check 0.33*m)

0.33 (h) Plate welded to end of shell

0.20 (I) Plate welded to end of shell (check 0.33*m)

0.30 (j k) Bolted flat heads (include bending moment). To

compute the required thickness of the bolted flat
heads (type j and k), use the Flange module and
model it as a blind flange.

0.30 (m n o) Plate held in place by screwed ring

0.25 (p) Bolted flat head with full face gasket

0.75 (q) Plate screwed into small diameter vessel

0.33 (r s) Plate held in place by beveled edge

Large Diameter for Noncircular Flat Heads - If you have a noncircular welded flat head, enter
the large dimension in this field, and enter the small dimension as the component diameter
above. This value is used to compute the factor Z for noncircular heads. If the head is circular,
enter the diameter here.

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Is this a Lateral Nozzle (Y-angle)? - Y-angle or lateral nozzles can be specified in case of
conical and cylindrical sections, by turning on this option. In this case, only the vessel-nozzle
centerline angle needs to be specified. The following figure shows an example.

Figure 20: Vessel-Nozzle Angle

For users of versions prior to 6.40, the input specification for non radial and non hillside nozzles
has changed. The current requirement is the angle between the centerline of the nozzle and the
centerline of the vessel.
Is this a Radial Nozzle? - Non-radial nozzles can be specified by entering the angle between
the vessel and nozzle centerlines, and the offset from vessel centerline. This vessel-nozzle
centerline angle can vary from 0 to a limiting value depending upon specific geometry. The
following figure illustrates these dimensions.
In this case the input for the offset dimension and vessel-nozzle centerline angle are optional,
only required for the graphic and not for the analysis.

Figure 21: Radial Nozzle Angle

Hillside nozzles and some angular nozzles are subject to calculations to meet area requirements
in both planes of reinforcement. In these cases CodeCalc automatically checks the area

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Nozzles

requirements in both the planes, using the corresponding lengths of the nozzle opening. For
integral construction, the Code F correction factor of 0.5 will automatically be applied in the
hillside direction. If the connection is pad reinforced, a value of 1.0 will be used. The F factor is
used to account for the fact that the longitudinal stress is one half of the hoop stress. The use of
the F factor is limited to nozzles located on cylindrical and conical sections.

Figure 22: Hillside Nozzle Angle

Offset Distance from Cylinder/Head Centerline (L1) - Enter the offset between the nozzle and
the center of the shell.
Angle Between Nozzle and Shell Centerlines - Enter the angle between the nozzle and shell.
Shell Diameter Basis - Select ID for shell sections based on the inside diameter. Select OD for
shell sections based on the outside diameter. Normally, for a flanged & dished torispherical
head, the inside crown or radius is equal to the vessel outside diameter.
For flat heads, this value is ignored. Refer to Fig. UG-34 for equivalent diameter of the head. For
example, in case of most welded heads this is the diameter over which the pressure acts. For
bolted heads with narrow faced gasket this is the diameter of the gasket reaction.
For cones, the program expects the diameter of the cone at the point where the nozzle
intersects the shell.
Diameter of Shell/Head (not crown radius) - Enter the diameter of the shell or head.
Torispherical heads - Diameter of the shell to which the head is attached.
Flat heads - Refer to Fig. UG-34 for equivalent diameter of the head. For example, in case
of most welded heads this is the diameter over which the pressure acts.
Bolted heads with narrow faced gasket - Diameter of the gasket reaction.
Cones- Diameter of the cone at the point where the nozzle intersects the shell.
Actual Thickness of Shell - Enter the minimum thickness of the actual plate or pipe used to
build the shell, or the minimum thickness measured for an existing vessel.
Many pipe materials have a minimum specified wall thickness which is 87.5% of the nominal
wall thickness. You should enter the minimum thickness.
Shell Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance. The software adjusts both the
actual thickness and the inside diameter for the corrosion allowance you enter.
Enter Required Thicknesses? - The only time the required thickness must be entered is if the
component being analyzed is a bolted flat head. Otherwise, the required thickness of the
shell/head will be computed by the program.

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 Nozzles

For hillside nozzles, as of Version 5.40, several changes have been made relating to the use of
the required thickness. They are as follows:
If you want to enter an offset and allow CodeCalc to compute the nozzle angle, the required
thickness must be left blank.
If an angle less than 90 has been entered, or computed via the entered offset values, and
you would like to take credit for the Code 0.5 F-correction factor, the required thickness must
be entered in and multiplied by the F factor.
If an angle less than 90 has been entered and you do not want to take credit for the Code
0.5 F-correction factor, the required thickness should be entered.
Required Shell Thickness for Int. P - Specifies the required shell thickness for internal
pressure.
Required Shell Thickness for Ext. P - Specifies the required shell thickness for external
pressure.
Required Shell Thickness for Hydro - Specifies the required shell thickness for hydro.

Results
Topics
Actual Nozzle Diameter Thickness ................................................ 118
Required Thickness of Shell and Nozzle ....................................... 118
UG-45 Minimum Nozzle Neck Thickness ...................................... 118
Required and Available Areas ....................................................... 119
Selection of Reinforcing Pad ......................................................... 119
Large Diameter Nozzle Calculations ............................................. 119
Effective Material Diameter and Thickness Limits ......................... 119
Minimum Design Metal Temperature ............................................ 119
Weld Size Calculations .................................................................. 120
Weld Strength Calculations ........................................................... 120
Failure Path Calculations ............................................................... 120
Iterative Results Per Pressure, Area, And UG-45 ......................... 120

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Nozzles

Actual Nozzle Diameter Thickness

If you specified an actual basis for nozzle diameter and thickness, the diameter and thickness
shown will be the same as those which you entered. If you specified nominal, these values will
be the nominal diameter and thickness found in the software pipe size tables. If you entered
minimum, the software will have looked up the diameter and thickness in the pipe size tables
and then multiplied the thickness by 0.875.

Required Thickness of Shell and Nozzle

The software calculates the required thickness for the shell and nozzle as follows:

Cylindrical (and the - Calculated per UG-27 or as given by the user.

nozzle wall)

Hemisphere - Calculated per UG-27 or as given by the user.

Torispherical - Calculated per UG-37 or as given by the user.

Elliptical - Calculated per UG-37 or as given by the user.

Conical - Calculated per UG-37 or as given by the user.

Flat - Calculated per UG-37 or as given by the user.

The joint efficiency used in this calculation is always 1.0. In 1989 we submitted a request for
interpretation to the ASME Code in order to show that the use of 1.0 under all circumstances
was justified. The reply was published in the A-90 Addenda as Interpretation VIII-1-89-171. The
question and reply were as follows:
Question: In reinforcement calculations, is the joint efficiency used in calculating the required
thickness of the vessel wall tr and the required thickness of the wall trn 1.0 regardless of the
joint efficiency determined for the vessel wall and nozzle wall from the rules in UW-12, provided
the nozzle does not pass through a weld?
Reply: Yes. Note also that the program takes into account the case where the nozzle passes
through a weld by asking the joint efficiency of the weld, if any.

UG-45 Minimum Nozzle Neck Thickness

The software uses the design rules from paragraph UG-45 for minimum nozzle neck thickness.
If the thickness used by CodeCalc for your nozzle calculation is less than required by UG-45,
your Code Vessel is in violation of this paragraph.

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 Nozzles

Required and Available Areas

The area required is calculated per UG-37(c). For all vessel types under external pressure and
for flat heads, this value is multiplied by 0.5. The required areas are calculated per Fig. UG-37.1.
The software uses dl - d, (Diameter limit minus inside hole radius) in the calculations for
the area available in the shell. This is because the code incorrectly assumes that dl-d is always
equal to d, which is only true when the natural diameter limit is used. Because you can enter a
reduced diameter limit, the software does not use the pure code equation.

Selection of Reinforcing Pad

The program gives up to three possible reinforcing pad selections.
Pad thickness based on the given pad diameter.
Pad diameter based on the given pad thickness.
Thickness based on the thinner of the shell and nozzle walls, calculating a required
diameter. If this exceeds the diameter limit, the software selects a thickness based on a pad
at the diameter limit.
All thickness results are rounded up to the nearest sixteenth, while all diameter results are
rounded up to the nearest eighth of an inch.

Large Diameter Nozzle Calculations

For large diameter nozzles, the rules of Appendix 1-7 require that two-thirds of the reinforcement
be within 0.75 of the natural diameter limit for the nozzle. If the calculated value of the percent
within this limit is greater than 66%, the nozzle is adequately reinforced for the large diameter
rules. For a large nozzle geometry to meet Code requirements both sets of area calculations
must meet their respective area requirements.

Effective Material Diameter and Thickness Limits

The MAWP for reinforcement is an estimate, typically accurate to within 1 or 2 psi. Enter the
given MAWP as the design pressure to check its accuracy. The MAP for the flange is based on
ANSI B16.5 tables for the given grade and class of flange.

Minimum Design Metal Temperature

The minimum design metal temperature is computed for the nozzle. The software considers
UG-20(f), UCS-66 and UCS-66.1 when performing these calculations.

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Nozzles

Weld Size Calculations

Nozzle weld thicknesses are based on Figure UW-16.1. The outward nozzle weld is compared
to the cover weld required by the Code. Note that the minimum dimension of a weld is 0.7 times
its leg dimension. Note also that for cover welds the maximum weld the Code requires is 0.25
inches. The pad weld requirement is typically at least one half of the element thickness. In
addition to the cover welds, the total groove weld plus cover weld for inserted nozzles must be
at least 1.25 times the minimum element thickness.

Weld Strength Calculations

The strength of connection elements is their cross sectional area times the allowable unit stress
for the element. The last two terms in the equations shown give the stress factor and basic
allowable stress for the element in the direction considered.

Failure Path Calculations

The failure paths differ based on whether there is a reinforcing pad, whether the nozzle is
inserted or abutting, and whether there is an inward projection. Note that the strength of each
path must exceed either the W value or the W#-# associated with that path. Note also that
UW-15(b) indicates that no strength calculations for nozzle attachment welds are required for
figure UW-16.1, sketches (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f-1), (f-2), (f-3), (f-4), (g), (x-1), (y-1), and (z-1).
But, for types I, J, K, L, X-2, Y-2, Z-2 weld, CodeCalc will perform the additional weld size
calculations per UW-16(d)(1).

Iterative Results Per Pressure, Area, And UG-45

Assuming the same corrosion allowance for the shell and nozzle, the maximum (failure)
corrosion allowance, the minimum (discard) nozzle thickness and the minimum (failure) shell
thickness are computed. You can project the nozzle service lifetime based on the rate of
corrosion and the above results.

120 CodeCalc User's Guide