a

The ease of the Fnesemt Ferfeat

Starting point
Discuss the following statements. Frovide examples:
s the present perfect is a presenl tense (RT:ST)
* the present perfect has one single core value
*thecontextualva1ueofaPre-sentP.erfectsentennedepend.sonthe,semanticpropertiesof
the predicate
* the present perfect is incornpatibl,e a,,,i,th adef;nite ET
" the present perfect cannot advance narration
' the present perfect implies that ET has an initial boundary which is located before ST

l. Group the following sentences into three groups, according to the contextual value of the
present p erfect : C ONTINUATIVE and QJ EXPEzuENC E/RE S ULTATIVE :

l.;;., r,t,,l-n -^lrt'ru&e"

,^*h , 'jY-Y'u'L^* , t)'"\i\ti'I
./, ' .-,o-,r[.
LWe haveTived heqgfolthe last ten years. 2. i have knoqn him all my life. 3. She hasn'1left her
bed for a weekl4lf [u". called her my dear auntie ev6$c..l was a little bov. L r rru;;;;"a- .i'q4]r"L' x r;
this book 5 times. 6. A saner and more practical man I've fiA$6i seg-q7. I havl.r.,r.'ffiit like this I
before. 8. Where r,uu. rr""r,'id?, u.ror.z 9. tr've seen you iv;65f io. i"r
"; mark, but Igxpeo,[that'll
suffered tr beg your pardon most humbl1 111. It has left a little "uiirri fade r\-t'v1$f ;;;;-il;Xl
soon. 12. n hope I have made r"o"[h"ffi'#r6ro salad. 13. You've woke., hidiff]yfll. I have
fence twice in the last 2 davs. 15. I have *plffi.tthe fence. 16. Have y"r,hrr."."Ty
;;:fi::$the
2. Explain the difference between the p,nesem ,gre,nf,',ea*,sixmple aala{ fhe glu:esemt perfect
eomtimuous in the following sentences:
,"+))
\*Y"r{$'
i .I'11 tell you what I have ionged t" tr[l;;; ,
&]- S.oJ,r.r.e tl* e/l . . whatl have been ionging to teltr
*-q\ ,,,A
you for some time. 2. Everybody has worke'fl'61d#flffird this moming.//... has been working ' ],l;*i{"
bloody hard this morning. 3. ...what has trpmbled on the tip of rny tongue for the last ten u,J,.r r.\r,.,s^-)
'
daysll...what has been tremQlingffi'ttrHffi?,iny tongue for the last ten,fuys. 4. N4y parents )
have livpgfipre ever sincfrfify'[ot *umed.//u{q hav;uee#i"$in$ffiffii'ri* days. s. Who has
?Who has bqen aatEg!ffi&ridge? 6. She's been lying in bed all day.lFor
"ut*,iffi&idge?
centuriei ihe village tras lain *tiffifiE;tteffiifttire shadow of ElackHills. 7. Sorr,v about the
mess, I have beertBainting the house. lllhave painted two roor4$ since lunchtime.
:-i,++Y'r'l,T.F).j( -\r.,rtk
3. Explain why the presemt perfocf comtimr.Bous has been used in the following sentences:

*h. "-"r"'
i!
1.I have been studying English for ten yqars. 2. They have been buildine a house fo{otwo years.
3. I've been waiting flr thiee days no#t. i've been working in the gai6tffSirai*d^dily I am so
tired. 5. The patient has been eating well since his operation. 6. We've been.getting up early this
week. ).".i\,td ;,+
7

4. Explain the ungrammaticality ol. the siarrocl senten{les:

: i';"1--* l:\
1.I've been thinking for sevel'al minutes notu:. l/ *I'vc thonght for several minutes now. 2. Have
you been sitting in all day? l|NElave you sai in alJ day? 3. X've been lying here for hours. i/ *X
have lain here for hours. 4. You've both been hiding thls all along" //*You've both hidden this all
a.long. 5. I've just been passing the time. ll*I'vejust passed the time. 5. I have been building this
house for the last five years. l/."tr,-ltaverbr"rilt thi-s.house for the iast five years. 7. I haven't seen
him recentiy./ I didn't see him ieiently. / I haven'i seen him lately. / *l didn't see him lately. B. I
haven't understood that so far. I *I didn't understand that so far.9. tr ceilainl.y have had my share
of happiness during these five years past. / * I cerlainly had my happiness during these five years
past. i 0. The play has been broadcast tw"ice so far. i 'oThe play was broadcast twice so far. 1 1. {t
was a cathedral once./ 'kIt has been a catheclral once. / I have seen it o!g9./ I sar,v it once.
, 1 ,.. "

S..Lliscuss the use of the present pen'feat amd of the past tense in the sentences below. Discuss
the role of the time adverbial.
i.She has been a teacher for five years and for two years she also attended the Art School in her
hometown. 2, She has knou,n him only a forlnight. She danced four dances r,vith him at M.; she
saw him one moming at his own house, and has since dined in his colrpany four times. 3. tr have
worked hard today.i I saw him today. 4. I never saw such an important person before tr met him. /
I have never seen her before. 5. n never learned how to swim in my youth. 6. tr always said he
would end rrp in jail and he did. 7. For years, after it occuned, I dreamt of it often. 8. Did you
want to see me now? . 9. .noan has received a proposal of marriage, It took us completely by
surprise. 10. London is not r,vhat it r.l'as.
.J
6. Dis-cuss the usqof the pa"eseqt/past rpLef.ect versus the use of tlaQ simaple pp"esemt4east teilssi
' 1.Come over and see us r,vhen our chiidren leave.lCome over and see us when our gu.ests
have left. 2. You'li feel a iot better when/after you've had a rest/ *You'll feel a lot beiter
wher:/after you ira-ve a rest. 3. We can go as soon as we've had dinner/ *We can go as soon as we
'When
have dinner'. 4. he came/had come back f,r'orn trndia, he was made a member of Farliament./
'When
he had read the lettei he burned it i*When he read the letter he burned it. 5.As soon as he
cliscovered/had discovered them he ran away. lAftr.r she had listened to the radio she tume d i'c
off./'rAfter she listened to the raCio she tr-imed ii off.

\:t
'/.'L
Flm
nansrate lilfc Eatglish:
r

A. Si-a tot vopsit pErul in ultima vrerne. Acum ilarc roz de vreo cloud zile. Am tot sperat cd o
s6-i treac6, dar m-am ?n;eiat. O cunosc de mulli ani qi nu-mi amintesc s[ rnai fi fEcut chestii ctre
genutr asta,Cine mi-a m?ncat din placintE? Doar v-am rugat sd nu vE atingeil ds ea. Ai:rl Si
borcanul de gem e go1. Cine mi-a mincat gemul?Cine a muqcat dim para mea? Cine mi-a mincat
din budincd?Ion mi-a mincat toate merele. Stii cumva unde e? Ei, e la el in camei'[, iioarme de
vreo 3 ore. Probabil ca i s-a fhcut rdu de la at?tea mere.Ia te uit6. A stat cineva pe scaunul meu!
$i mie mi-a b[ut cineva din paharl $i cineva mi-a folosit furculi]a!Cum de eqti aqa murdar pe
m?ini? Imi pare rdu, dar am vopsit uga de la intrare. Mi-e tare r[u, am b5"ut prea mult ness.E a
treia oard cd rnE aflu la Londra. E oragul meu favorit.Imi st[ pe limbd de ceva vrerne sd o ?ntreb
de ce aseult[ pe la ugi, dar am tot aminat, de teamd sd nu facd scandatr. Acum gtiu sigur cd se uitd
pe gaura cheii de vreun sfet de or5, md mir cd n-o doare spateie.
 E. - Pe unde ai fost ? il intreba tatal iar.
- Frin Rateasca. Am fost cu a1 lui Teican
- Treci si mananca, n-ai mancat nimic de dimineata, ii mai spuse omul. Flacar"rl intra in tinda si
se aseza pe prag. Apoi, deodata se soula si trecu in casa, lungindu-se repede pe pat.
- Nu mananci, Dugule ? auzi glasul mamei din tinda
-Nu , mama, nu mi-e foame , raspunse el dinlauntru. Se insera. trntr-un tarzia, dupa ce se insera
de tot, in timp ce statea la masa, Dugu auzilapoarta fluieratul lui, al lui Teican. Apoi glasul :

-Ea, Dugule ! Dugu se scula, isi 1ua de dupa usa uri cicmag si'iesi iir intrurer"ic . Lapaarta, celalalt
spuse incet : -Ba, I-am vazut pe Achim. Se ducea la ea. Tu i-ai spus sa nu mai iasa la el ?[...]

- X-am spus, zise Dugu, ca ne intalnim la nunta maine , la Lisandru Voicului. - Dar nr-r i-ai spus
ca vii acuma in seara asta la ea ! - Pai d-aia. S-o vad ce face, raspunse Dugu incet ; sa vedem. ,..
Ia spune o fi vorbind de mult cu alde Achim Achim ? - N-avea de cand, zise atr lui Teican.
Achim Achim abia s-a intors luna trecuta din armata. Dar de cand te cunoaste ea? *Parca mi-
aduc aminte ca am jucat o datalanga ea. Dar nu mai stiu. (Marin Preda-Intalnirea din
pamanturi)

'r r ! ,'r'
'v"'rr' S,jI,'nanasnate iaato R.omenmiam
'"-'/ The Inspector raised. his fingers respectftitrly to his peaked cap and entered the study. John saw
him go in with a strange sensation.
'Well' he said to Sornes. '{ suppose we must wait and see what he wants. Your uncle's been here
about the house i' F{e retumed with Soames intn the dini.ngroom, but could not rest. iNow , w4rat
does he want ?' he munnured again . 'Who ?' replied Soames ; 'the Inspector ? They sent him
rouncl from Sta-nhope Gate, that's all tr h'rol^,, That inonconf,or.mist' of Uncle Jolyon's has been
pilfering, I shouldn't wonder l'
But in spite of his calrnness, he too was ill at ease. At the enctr of
ten minutes old Jolyon oame in. F{e watrked up to the table, and stood there perfeotly silent
puiling st his long white moustaohes, James gazed up at him with opening mouth ; he had never
seen his brother look like this.
Old .Iotryon raised his hand and said slowly : 'Young tsosinney has been rlln over in the fog and
killed.' Then standing above his brother and his nephew, and looking down at them with his deep
eyes : 'There's some talk of suicide,' he said. Jartres' jaw dropped.'suicide i \\&at should he do
that for ?l'
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