NAME: SAMUEL MBUGUA M

REG.NO: DCS-02-0103/2015

UNIT: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

COURCE: DCS

CAT TWO

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS

 1. Data analysis:

The process of evaluating data using analytical and logical reasoning to examine each
component of the data provided.

2. Data interpretation:

Interpretation is the process of making sense of numerical data that has been collected, analyzed,
and presented.

3. Data presentation:

is the method by which people summarize, organize and communicate information using a
variety of tools, such as diagrams, distribution charts, histograms and graphs.

References: www.reference.com : www.encyclopedia.com

Discuss various instruments and techniques of data analysis

and presentation.

a) Final presentation of results

Arrange ideas in a logical order and in order of relevance or importance. Use
headings, subheadings and sidebars to strengthen the organization of the article.
Keep the language as simple as the subject permits. Depending on the targeted
audience for the article, some loss of precision may sometimes be an acceptable
trade-off for more readable text. Also include information about the analytical
methods and tools used.
Focus the article on the important variables and topics. Trying to be too
comprehensive will often interfere with a strong story line.

REFERENCES: G.R. Roberts. 2003- research methodology.

 b) Efficient data
Ensure that the data are appropriate for the analysis to be carried out. This
requires investigation of a wide range of details such as whether the target
population of the data source is sufficiently related to the target population of the
analysis.
investigate whether the sources are consistent and how they may be appropriately
integrated into the analysis If more than one data source is being used for the
analysis
c) Appropriate methods and techniques
Choose an analytical approach that is appropriate for the question being
investigated and the data to be analyzed.
When analyzing data from a probability sample, analytical methods that ignore
the survey design can be appropriate, provided that sufficient model conditions
for analysis are met.

d. preparation

Avoid drawing irrelevant conclusions.

Avoid arbitrary time reference points. Instead, use meaningful points of reference,
such as the last major turning point for economic data.

Discuss importance of data analysis, interpretation and presentation.

Do not overwhelm your poster or slides with excessive text. A simple rule would be to
not use more than three major text bullets on a slide. Remember - a picture is worth a
thousand words!

Data presentation plays a crucial role in communication research, as the objectives are
made clear with relevant evidences. The researchers can convince their research to the
reader by the effective data presentation

Provide a brief description of your research framework (e.g. experiment/survey design),

followed by data analysis. Use figures and graphs to show results of data analysis, rather
than tables with raw numbers.
 Choose the right type of plotting method (e.g. lines/bars/pie). For example, pie charts are
best for displaying percentages of different categories in a dataset whereas line graphs are
best when the data on the x-axis represent magnitude of the same entity/variable. When
the data points are across different conditions, the points cannot be connected to form
lines. In such cases, bar graphs should be used. In all cases, don't forget to label axes!

Provide your interpretation of the results and interweave past work based on your
literature review mentioned above. Your ability to carefully interpret the data will
determine the quality of your research work. Provide bulleted conclusions.

It is important to close the loop by restating the questions answered by your research as
well stating those which remain unanswered. You may want to propose follow-up work
under the title of Future Work.

Data presentation in research document briefs entire research in a systematic manner.

There may be many pieces of data collected by the researcher.

Sometimes may result in the formation of the hypothesis.

AUTHOR: Sandeep (PHD in electrical engineering)