Recursos para el docente

GEOGRAFA
de Amrica

Patricia A. Garca
 GEOGRAFA
de Amrica

RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE

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Jefa de Arte: Claudia Fano. 2010, EDICIONES SANTILLANA S.A.

Av. L. N. Alem 720 (C1001AAP), Garca, Patricia A.
Diagramacin: Adrin C. Shirao. Ciudad Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Geografa de Amrica : recursos para el docente . - 1a ed. - Buenos
Correccin: Paulina Sigaloff. ISBN: 978-950-46-2237-6 Aires : Santillana, 2010.
32 p. ; 26x19 cm. - (Saberes clave)
Queda hecho el depsito que dispone la ley 11.723.
Este libro no puede ser reproducido total ni parcialmente en ISBN 978-950-46-2237-6
ninguna forma, ni por ningn medio o procedimiento, sea re- Impreso en Argentina. Printed in Argentina.
1. Geografa de Amrica. 2. Enseanza Scundaria. 3. Libro del Do-
progrco, fotocopia, microlmacin, mimegrafo o cualquier Primera edicin: febrero de 2010. cente. I. Ttulo.
otro sistema mecnico, fotoqumico, electrnico, informtico,
CDD 371.1
magntico, electroptico, etctera. Cualquier reproduccin sin Este libro se termin de imprimir en el mes de febrero de 2010,
permiso de la editorial viola derechos reservados, es ilegal y en Grca Vuelta de Pgina, Carlos Pellegrini 3652,
constituye un delito. Ciudadela, Buenos Aires, Repblica Argentina.
 Recursos para la planificacin
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Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

 Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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 Recursos para la planificacin
6

Captulo Expectativas de logro Contenidos Estrategias didcticas

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Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723
 Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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 Recursos para la planificacin
8

Captulo Expectativas de logro Contenidos Estrategias didcticas

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 Recursos y propuestas de trabajo
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9
Secuencia general del mtodo de investigacin didctica

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P
FOGPRVFT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
VUJMJ[BOEP
EJWFSTPT


Desarrollo SFDVSTPT
$POGSPOUBDJO
EF
MBT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
Z
GPSNVMBDJO
EF
IJQUFTJT
P
SFMBDJPOFT
FYQMJDBUJWBT



DBVTBMJEBE
DPOUFYUP
Z
DPOEJDJPOFT
BTQFDUPT
JOWPMVDSBEPT
FUDUFSB

Validacin 7FSJGJDBDJO
EF
MBT
IJQUFTJT
P
SFMBDJPOFT
DPOGJSNBO
SFDIB[BO
P
SFGPSNVMBO

'PSNVMBDJO
EF



e indagacin FYQMJDBDJO
P
SFTVMUBEPT
Aplicacin
3FTPMVDJO
EF
OVFWBT
QSFHVOUBT
USBOTGFSFODJB
B
PUSBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
BQMJDBDJO
B
OVFWPT
QSPCMFNBT
y desarrollo

$PNP
FO
MPT
DBTPT
BOUFSJPSFT
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
MB
FOTFBO[B
DPO
FTUF
NUPEP
QVFEF
JODMVJS
NPNFOUPT
P
GBTF
EF

QSPGVOEJ[BDJO
EFOUSP
EF
MB
TFDVFODJB
PSJFOUBEB
IBDJB
MB
JOTUSVDDJO
DPNP
TF
PCTFSWB
FO
FM
TJHVJFOUF
DVBESP

Secuencia bsica introduciendo fase de instruccin

Fases Actividades
4F
QSPQPOF
VO
UFNB
P
VOB
DVFTUJO
QSPWPDBOEP
DPO
QSFHVOUBT
Z
WJODVMOEPMP
DPO
MB
SFBMJEBE
EF
MPT

Apertura
FTUVEJBOUFT
Z
EFM
FTUVEJP
RVF
DVSTBO
4F
EJTDVUFO
MBT
JEFBT
QSFWJBT
RVF
UJFOFO
MPT
BMVNOPT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
Z
MBT
QSFHVOUBT
4F
JEFOUJGJDBO


Preparacin GPSNBT
EF
CVTDBS
NT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
Z
TF
EFGJOFO
FO
DPOKVOUP
MBT
BDUJWJEBEFT
RVF
SFBMJ[BSO
QBSB

JOWFTUJHBSMBT
#TRVFEB
BDUJWB
Z
PSJFOUBEB
EF
EBUPT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
P
FOGPRVFT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
VUJMJ[BOEP
EJWFSTPT


Desarrollo SFDVSTPT
$POGSPOUBDJO
EF
MBT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
Z
GPSNVMBDJO
EF
IJQUFTJT
P
SFMBDJPOFT
FYQMJDBUJWBT



DBVTBMJEBE
DPOUFYUP
Z
DPOEJDJPOFT
BTQFDUPT
JOWPMVDSBEPT
FUDUFSB

"NQMJBDJO
EFM
BOMJTJT
DPODFQUVBM
TPCSF
FM
QSPCMFNB
QSFTFOUBEB
QPS
FM
QSPGFTPS
MFDUVSBT



Profundizacin
EF
QSPGVOEJ[BDJO
TFMFDDJPOBEBT
P
CTRVFEB
CJCMJPHSGJDB
Validacin 7FSJGJDBDJO
EF
MBT
IJQUFTJT
P
SFMBDJPOFT
DPOGJSNBO
SFDIB[BO
P
SFGPSNVMBO

'PSNVMBDJO
EF


e indagacin FYQMJDBDJO
P
SFTVMUBEPT
Aplicacin
3FTPMVDJO
EF
OVFWBT
QSFHVOUBT
USBOTGFSFODJB
B
PUSBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
BQMJDBDJO
B
OVFWPT
QSPCMFNBT
y desarrollo

1BSB
EFTBSSPMMBS
BEFDVBEBNFOUF
FTUF
QSPDFTP
EF
FO- t
1SPQPOFS
CTRVFEBT
BQSPQJBEBT
BM
OJWFM
EF
MPT

TFBO[B
TF
SFRVJFSF
DPOTJEFSBS
MBT
TJHVJFOUFT
DPOEJDJP- BMVNOPT
Z
SFBMJ[BCMFT
FO
GVODJO
EFM
DPOUFYUP



OFT
NOJNBT Z
MPT
SFDVSTPT
t
1BSUJS
EF
QSFHVOUBT
SFMFWBOUFT
TJHOJGJDBUJWBT

t
#SJOEBS
PSJFOUBDJO
Z
TFHVJNJFOUP
B
MBT
UBSFBT


FWJUBOEP
MB
USJWJBMJEBE
P
MB
PCWJFEBE

Z
QSPEVDJS
EF
JOWFTUJHBDJO
Z
FTUJNVMBS
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF


BTPNCSP EFTUSF[BT
%BS
UBSFBT
Z
EFTFOUFOEFSTF
EFTFTUJNVMB

Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

t
(FOFSBS
FO
MPT
FTUVEJBOUFT
OVFWBT
SFGMFYJPOFT
Z
DVBMRVJFS
QSPDFTP
QSFHVOUBT
QPOJFOEP
FO
KVFHP
TVT
QFSTQFDUJWBT t
&TUJNVMBS
MB
DPPQFSBDJO
BDUJWB
Z
WBMPSBS
MPT


QSPHSFTPT
EF
MPT
BMVNOPT

10
 Mtodo de solucin de problemas

0USP
NPEP
OBUVSBM
EF
BQSFOEFS
PDVSSF
DVBOEP
MBT
QFSTPOBT
TF
FOGSFOUBO
DPO
QSPCMFNBT
-PT
QSPCMFNBT
HFOF-
SBO
QSFHVOUBT
EVEBT
P
JODFSUJEVNCSF
-BT
QFSTPOBT
FOUPODFT
OFDFTJUBO
BOBMJ[BS
Z
DPNQSFOEFS
FM
QSPCMFNB
B

QBSUJS
EF
MP
DVBM
QPESBO
UPNBS
EFDJTJPOFT
QBSB
SFTPMWFSMP
P
BM
NFOPT
QBSB
EJTNJOVJS
MB
JODFSUJEVNCSF
RVF
FM
QSP-
CMFNB
HFOFSB
<>
-B
SFTPMVDJO
EF
QSPCMFNBT
EFTBSSPMMB
MB
DBQBDJEBE
DSUJDB
MB
JOWFOUJWB
Z
FM
TFOUJEP
QSDUJDP
QPOJFOEP
FM
SB[P-
OBNJFOUP
BM
TFSWJDJP
EF
MB
BDDJO
JOUFHSBOEP
EJTUJOUPT
DPOPDJNJFOUPT
Z
FYQFSJFODJBT
QSFWJBT
UBM
WF[
BQSFOEJEBT
FO

EJGFSFOUFT
NPNFOUPT
Z
FO
EJWFSTPT
MVHBSFT
F
JODMVTP
CVTDBS
OVFWBT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
QBSB
FOUFOEFS
Z
SFTPMWFS
FM
QSP-
CMFNB
&O
MPT
BNCJFOUFT
FTDPMBSFT
FM
NUPEP
EF
TPMVDJO
EF
QSPCMFNBT
FT
DPNONFOUF
BTPDJBEP
B
MB
FOTFBO[B
EF

NBUFNUJDB
P
EF
MBT
DJFODJBT
FYQFSJNFOUBMFT
1FSP
TV
BMDBODF
FT
NVDIP
NBZPS
BCBSDB
NVZ
EJWFSTPT
DPOUFOJEPT
Z

VOB
BNQMJB
HBNB
EF
QSPCMFNBT
DPNP
MP
NVFTUSB
MB
TJHVJFOUF
DMBTJGJDBDJO
EF
UJQPT
EF
QSPCMFNBT
+POBTTFO


Z

4DIO



4V
BOMJTJT
Z
TPMVDJO
FT
BMHPSUNJDB
FT
EFDJS
QVFEFO
SFTPMWFSTF
NFEJBOUF
MB
BQMJDBDJO
EF
QSJODJQJPT

HFOFSBMFT
DMDVMPT
OVNSJDPT
P
QPS
MB
VUJMJ[BDJO
EF
VO
ONFSP
MJNJUBEP
EF
SFHMBT
&TUPT
QSPCMFNBT

UJFOFO
QBSNFUSPT
EFMJNJUBEPT
Z
MPT
DPOPDJNJFOUPT
RVF
JOWPMVDSBO
TPO
HFOFSBMFT
P
EF
DBSDUFS


SFHVMBS
&O
MB
FOTFBO[B
CVFOB
QBSUF
EF
MPT
QBSNFUSPT
FTUO
FYQMJDJUBEPT
FO
FM
QSPQJP
FOVODJBEP

EFM
QSPCMFNB
Z
TV
TPMVDJO
UJFOEF
B
TFS
QSFWJTJCMF
&T
EFDJS
IBZ
VOB
DMBSB
SFMBDJO
FOUSF
MB
EFDJTJO

Problemas bien
FMFHJEB
Z
FM
FOVODJBEP
EFM
QSPCMFNB
definidos o
1PS
FKFNQMP
FTUJNBS
FM
ONFSP
EF
WJWJFOEBT
RVF
EFCFSBO
TFS
DPOTUSVJEBT
FO
VOB
MPDBMJEBE
FO
MPT


estructurados
QSYJNPT
EJF[
BPT
B
QBSUJS
EFM
DMDVMP
EF
MB
UBTB
EF
OBUBMJEBE
P
EF
DSFDJNJFOUP
EFNPHSGJDP
EF
MPT

MUJNPT
EJF[
FTUJNBS
DVOUP
EFNPSBSO
FO
MMFHBS
MPT
JOTVNPT
OFDFTBSJPT
B
DPNVOJEBEFT
EJTUBOUFT

EFM
JOUFSJPS
TJ
TF
USBOTQPSUBO
QPS
USFO
P
QPS
IFMJDQUFSPT
FTUJNBS
QSFWJTJPOFT
NFUFPSPMHJDBT
QBSB



FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
DJFSUPT
DVMUJWPT
CBTOEPTF
FO
FM
NPWJNJFOUP
EFM
WJFOUP
FM
OJWFM
EF
QSFDJQJUBDJPOFT


P
MBT
UFOEFODJBT
FO
MBT
UFNQFSBUVSBT

*OUFHSBO
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
BMHPSUNJDP
QBSB
BMHVOBT
EF
TVT
EJNFOTJPOFT
Z
FM
BOMJTJT
DVBMJUBUJWP


JEFPTJODSUJDP

QBSB
PUSBT
DVZB
TPMVDJO
FT
QSPCBCJMTUJDB
Z
OP
NFEJCMF
P
EF
SFTQVFTUB
OJDB
Problemas 1PS
FKFNQMP
DNP
EBS
SFTQVFTUBT
BEFDVBEBT
B
MPT
QSPCMFNBT
EF
TBMVE
EF
VOB
EFUFSNJOBEB


parcialmente DPNVOJEBE
EF
QPCMBEPSFT
QSFWFODJO
Z
USBUBNJFOUP
JOGBOUJM
EF
MBT
NVKFSFT
EF
MPT
BODJBOPT
FUD



estructurados TJO
BGFDUBS
TV
DVMUVSB
DSFFODJBT
Z
WBMPSFT
DNP
QSFWFOJS
P
FWJUBS
VO
QSPCMFNB
BQMJDBOEP
VOB


OPSNB
P
QSJODJQJP
WMJEP
Z
BM
NJTNP
UJFNQP
DPOTJEFSBS
MPT
JOUFSFTFT
Z
FYQFDUBUJWBT
EF
MPT
HSVQPT

QBSUJDJQBOUFT

-BT
TPMVDJPOFT
BQSPQJBEBT
EFCFSO
CBTBSTF
FO
MB
VUJMJ[BDJO
EF
NMUJQMFT
DSJUFSJPT
-BT
TPMVDJPOFT


TPO
GVFSUFNFOUF
EFQFOEJFOUFT
EFM
DPOUFYUP
MB
DVMUVSB
Z
MPT
BDUPSFT
JOWPMVDSBEPT
MPT
FGFDUPT
OP
TPO


OFUBNFOUF
QSFWJTJCMFT
Z
FYJHFO
MB
JOUFHSBDJO
EF
EJTUJOUBT
QFSTQFDUJWBT
4F
DPSSFTQPOEFO
DPO
MP
RVF

%FXFZ


EFGJOJ
DPNP
iTJUVBDJPOFT
QSPCMFNUJDBTw
4J
CJFO
TF
VUJMJ[B
MB
FYQFSJFODJB
Z
FM


DPOPDJNJFOUP
EJTQPOJCMF
QBSB
JOUFSQSFUBS
FM
QSPCMFNB
Z
BDUVBS
BT
DPNP
QVFEFO
JOUFSQSFUBSTF
EBUPT

OVNSJDPT
TV
TPMVDJO
OP
EFQFOEF
EF
VO
QBUSO
OJDP
-BT
EJTUJOUBT
EJNFOTJPOFT
WBMPSBUJWBT


Problemas
TVCKFUJWBT
Z
EF
DPOUFYUP

HVBSEBO
VOB
SFMBDJO
EJONJDB
JOGMVZFOEP
NVUVBNFOUF
VOB
TPCSF
MB
PUSB

de dbil
4QJSP
Z
PUSPT


1PS
FKFNQMP
DNP
SFTPMWFS
FM
QSPCMFNB
EF
MB
JOTUBMBDJO
EF
VOB
QMBOUB
GBCSJM


estructuracin
FO
VO
DPOUFYUP
FO
FM
RVF
BDUBO
GBDUPSFT
UPQPHSGJDPT
FDPONJDPT
QPMUJDPT
Z
BNCJFOUBMFT
DNP

o baja definicin
SFTPMWFS
DPOGMJDUPT
WBMPSBUJWPT
P
JOUFSQFSTPOBMFT
FO
VOB
JOTUJUVDJO
FO
MB
RVF
FYJTUFO
EJTUJOUBT
WJTJPOFT

FOUSF
MPT
USBCBKBEPSFT
MJNJUBDJPOFT
UFDOPMHJDBT
Z
GJOBODJFSBT
Z
OFDFTJEBEFT
OP
TBUJTGFDIBT
FO
MPT

VTVBSJPT
DNP
UPNBS
EFDJTJPOFT
QBSB
NFKPSBS
MB
QBSUJDJQBDJO
FO
VOB
DPNVOJEBE
FO
MB
RVF
MBT


Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

GSVTUSBDJPOFT
DWJDBT
IBO
HFOFSBEP
BQBUB
JOEJWJEVBMJTNP
SFDIB[PT
FO
DVBOUP
B
MB
JOUFSWFODJO
FO

MBT
iDPTBT
QCMJDBTw
DNP
EFDJEJS
VO
DVSTP
EF
BDDJO
DPOTJEFSBOEP
DVFTUJPOFT
UDOJDBT
Z
DPOGMJDUPT

UJDPT

$VBMRVJFSB
RVF
TFB
FM
QSPCMFNB
RVF
TF
QSFUFOEB
BCPSEBS
Z
FM
UJQP
EF
DPOPDJNJFOUPT
JOWPMVDSBEPT
FT
JNQPSUBOUF

EFUFSNJOBS
RV
UJQP
EF
QSPCMFNB
FT
Z
RV
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
TFSO
OFDFTBSJBT
QBSB
DPNQSFOEFSMP
Z
QBSB
PQFSBS
<>
&M
BQSFOEJ[BKF
B
QBSUJS
EF
QSPCMFNBT
UJFOF
VO
BMUP
WBMPS
FEVDBUJWP
1FSNJUF
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
IBCJMJEBEFT
EF
USB-
CBKP
JOUFMFDUVBM
EFSJWBEBT
EF
MB
QSDUJDB
MB
CTRVFEB
BDUJWB
EF
OVFWPT
DPOPDJNJFOUPT
F
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
MB
GPSNVMB-
DJO
EF
IJQUFTJT
Z
MB
UPNB
EF
EFDJTJPOFT
QBSB
MB
BDDJO
DPO
FM
GJO
EF
SFTPMWFS
QSPCMFNBT
FO
OVFWBT
TJUVBDJPOFT

"TJNJTNP
GBDJMJUB
MB
JOUFSBDDJO
HSVQBM
Z
FM
BQSFOEJ[BKF
EFM
USBCBKP
FO
FRVJQP

11
 &M
NUPEP
EF
TPMVDJO
EF
QSPCMFNBT
FOGBUJ[B
MB
HVB
EFM
QSPGFTPS
QFSP
QVFEFO
JOUFHSBSTF
FUBQBT
EF
JOTUSVDDJO

FO
MB
GBTF
EF
BOMJTJT
UBM
DPNP
NVFTUSB
MB
TJHVJFOUF
TFDVFODJB
CTJDB

Fases Actividades
1SFTFOUBDJO
EF
MPT
QSPQTJUPT
EFM
USBCBKP
Z
EFM
QSPCMFNB
B
USBUBS

Apertura
%JMPHP
Z
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
QSFHVOUBT
FOUSF
FM
QSPGFTPS
Z
MPT
BMVNOPT
FO
UPSOP
BM
QSPCMFNB
y organizacin
%FGJOJDJO
EF
MPT
QSPDFEJNJFOUPT
B
TFHVJS
QBSB
FM
BOMJTJT
EF
MBT
JODHOJUBT
"OMJTJT
EF
MBT
DVFTUJPOFT
Z
EJNFOTJPOFT
EFM
QSPCMFNB
CTRVFEB
EF
OVFWBT
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
DPOTVMUBT


P
UFTUJNPOJPT
Anlisis
#TRVFEB
Z
FOTBZP
EF
TPMVDJPOFT
BMUFSOBUJWBT
*OUFSDBNCJP
Z
EFCBUF
QSPHSFTJWP
*OUFSDBNCJP
Z
DPNQBSBDJO
EF
SFTVMUBEPT
EF
EJGFSFOUFT
HSVQPT
Z
QVFTUB
FO
DPNO
EF
QPTJCMFT


Integracin
TPMVDJPOFT
P
GPSNBT
EF
JOUFSWFODJO
7FSJGJDBDJO
Z
HFOFSBDJO
EF
OVFWBT
QSFHVOUBT
Sntesis
3FWJTJO
EFM
QSPDFTP
TFHVJEP
QPS
MPT
BMVNOPT
QBSB
SFTPMWFS
FM
QSPCMFNB

Mtodo de dilogo reflexivo

&M
ODMFP
GVOEBNFOUBM
EFM
NUPEP
FT
FM
EJMPHP
P
DPOWFSTBDJO
FO
FM
DVBM
EPT
P
NT
QFSTPOBT
QBSUJDJQBO
JOUFS-
DBNCJBOEP
PCTFSWBDJPOFT
FYQFSJFODJBT
QVOUPT
EF
WJTUB
Z
WJTJPOFT
TPCSF
FM
DPOUFOJEP
EF
FOTFBO[B
FO
DVFTUJO
"

USBWT
EFM
EJMPHP
FYQSFTBO
DPODFQDJPOFT
QFSTPOBMFT
EJTUJOHVFO
QVOUPT
EF
WJTB
Z
DPOUSBEJDDJPOFT
Z
GPSNBO
P
SF-
GPSNVMBO

TVT
JEFBT
TVQVFTUPT
P
DPODFQUPT
&M
NUPEP
SFDPOPDF
VOB
MBSHB
USBEJDJO
QFEBHHJDB
EFTEF
MB
NBZVUJDB
TPDSUJDB
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EFM
QFOTBNJFO-
UP
SFGMFYJWP
%FXFZ
4DIO

MB
OFHPDJBDJO
EF
TJHOJGJDBEPT
#SVOFS
.FSDFS

BM
EJMPHP
MJCFSBEPS
EF
1BVMP
'SFJSF

IBTUB
MPT
BDUVBMFT
EFTBSSPMMPT
EF
MB
FOTFBO[B
UVUPSJBM
Z
MPT
GPSPT
EF
EFCBUF
"T
FM
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
UJFOF
QSPUBHPOJTUBT
RVJFO
FOTFB
Z
MPT
QBSUJDJQBOUFT
DPNP
TVKFUPT
BDUJWPT

Z
DPOUFOJEPT

MB
iNBUFSJBw
V
PCKFUP
EFM
EJMPHP

UBNCJO
VO
WFIDVMP
P
iNFEJPw
QSJWJMFHJBEP
FM
MFOHVBKF
MB
QBMBCSB
MB
QSFHVO-
UB
SFGMFYJWB
FM
NFOTBKF

Z
VOB
EJSFDDJO
DPOTUSVJS
TJHOJGJDBEPT
FMBCPSBS
DPODFQUPT
JOUFSQSFUBS
Z
FYQMJDBS

-B
QSFHVOUB
KVFHB
VO
QBQFM
GVOEBNFOUBM
FO
FM
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
HVJBOEP
FM
QFOTBNJFOUP
{RV
FT
FTUP
{RV

significa
BRVFMMP
&TUBT
QSFHVOUBT
OP
EFCFO
DPOGVOEJSTF
DPO
VO
iJOUFSSPHBUPSJPw
JOGPSNBUJWP
OJ
DPO
MB
QSFHVOUB

TVQFSGJDJBM
QBSB
BNFOJ[BS
P
MMBNBS
MB
BUFODJO
EFM
PUSP

OJ
DPO
FM
DVFTUJPOBSJP
FWBMVBEPS
QBSB
DPOUSPMBS
RV
TBCF

FM
PUSP

VUJMJ[BEBT
DPO
GSFDVFODJB
FO
MPT
BNCJFOUFT
FTDPMBSFT
/PT
SFGFSJNPT
B
MB
pregunta reflexiva
RVF
TF
BTJFOUB
FO

MB
DVSJPTJEBE
FM
BTPNCSP
MB
CTRVFEB
EF
FYQMJDBDJO
Z
DPNQSFOTJO
-B
QSFHVOUB
QVFEF
TVSHJS
EF
RVJFO
BQSFOEF
Z
FM
NBFTUSP
MB
BQSPWFDIB

P
QBSUJS
EFM
NBFTUSP
QSPWPDBOEP
FM

QSPDFTP
SFGMFYJWP
<>
&M
NPEFMP
EF
JOUFSBDDJO
FO
FM
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
FOUSF
RVJFO
FOTFB
Z
RVJFOFT
BQSFOEFO
FT
IPSJ[POUBM
Z
QFSTP-
OBMJ[BEP
2VJFO
FOTFB
DPOTFSWB
FM
SPM
EF
HVB
BDPNQBBOEP
Z
PSJFOUBOEP
FM
QSPDFTP
EF
QFOTBNJFOUP
B
USBWT
EF

OVFWBT
QSFHVOUBT
Z
OVFWPT
FKFNQMPT
&M
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
FTUF
QSPDFTP
GBDJMJUB
BM
NBFTUSP
P
QSPGFTPS
FM
DPOPDJNJFOUP
EF
DNP
QJFOTBO
TJFOUFO
Z
WBMPSBO

TVT
BMVNOPT
"TJNJTNP
GBDJMJUB
MB
PSJFOUBDJO
IBDJB
VO
NBZPS
OJWFM
EF
DPNQSFOTJO
FOUFOEJFOEP
RVF
FT
NFKPS
RVF

FMMPT
NJTNPT
EFTDVCSBO
OVFWPT
TJHOJGJDBPT
FO
MVHBS
EF
iESTFMPT
IFDIPTw
&M
NUPEP
QVFEF
EFTBSSPMMBSTF
FOUSF
EPT
QFSTPOBT
NBFTUSP
Z
BMVNOP

P
FO
FM
DPOKVOUP
EF
VO
HSVQP
EF
BMVNOPT

QBSB
FM
BQSFOEJ[BKF
DPNQBSUJEP
&O
FTUF
MUJNP
DBTP
MPT
JOUFSDBNCJPT
EF
TJHOJGJDBEPT
TF
FOSJRVFDFO
BO
NT
QPS
MB

Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

NFEJBDJO
EFM
HSVQP
EF
BQSFOEJ[BKF
-B
TFDVFODJB
HFOFSBM
EFM
NUPEP
EF
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
FT

12
 Fases Actividades
-BO[BNJFOUP
EF
VOB
QSFHVOUB
VO
QSPCMFNB
P
VOB
EJGJDVMUBE
1VFEF
TVSHJS
EF
MPT
BMVNOPT
P
EFM


Apertura
EPDFOUF
QFSP
TJFNQSF
FT
VO
QVOUP
EF
QBSUJEB
$POWFSTBDJO
HVJBEB
SFGMFYJWBNFOUF
TJHVJFOEP
FM
QSPDFTP
EF
QFOTBNJFOUP
Z
FTUJNVMBOEP
MB


Desarrollo
QBSUJDJQBDJO
SFGMFYJWB
EF
UPEPT
MPT
QBSUJDJQBOUFT
Recapitulaciones 3FDVQFSBDJO
QSPHSFTJWB
EF
MBT
EJTUJOUBT
SFGMFYJPOFT
SFUPNOEPMBT
F
JS
BWBO[BOEP
FO
MB
JOUFHSBDJO
&MBCPSBDJO
EF
VO
TJHOJGJDBEP
DPNO
TJO
EFKBS
BM
NBSHFO
MBT
EJGFSFODJBT
P
EJTDSFQBODJBT
BSSPKBOEP

Sntesis
OVFWBT
BMUFSOBUJWBT
"QMJDBS
FM
BDVFSEP
BM
BOMJTJT
EF
OVFWBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
FO
EJTUJOUPT
DPOUFYUPT
{$NP
TF
SFTPMWFSB
FO

Transferencia
PUSP
MVHBS
P
BNCJFOUF
{4FSB
MP
NJTNP
QBSB
PUSPT

4J
CJFO
FM
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
BQVOUB
B
MB
FMBCPSBDJO
EF
DPODFQUPT
Z
TJHOJGJDBEPT
EFCF
EFTUBDBSTF
RVF
FTUPT
WBSBO

FO
GVODJO
EFM
DPOUFYUP
JOUFSQSFUBUJWP
P
EF
MB
TJUVBDJO
&TUP
OP
FT
VO
PCTUDVMP
TJOP
VOB
SJDB
BMUFSOBUJWB
QBSB
FT-
UJNVMBS
MB
GMFYJCJMJEBE
DPHOJUJWB
%FTEF
FM
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
TPDJBM
GBDJMJUB
MB
DPNQSFOTJO
EF
MB
EJWFSTJEBE
EF
PUSPT

BNCJFOUFT
Z
DVMUVSBT
&M
SPM
EF
RVJFO
FOTFB
FT
JNQPSUBOUF
FO
FTUF
NUPEP
EFGJOJEP
DPNP
GBDJMJUBEPS
Z
QSPNPUPS
EF
MB
SFGMFYJO
DPO-
KVOUB
1BSB
FMMP
EFCFS
PQUBS
QPS
t
&TUJNVMBS
MB
SFGMFYJO
B
USBWT
EFM
MFOHVBKF
QSFHVOUBT
SFGMFYJWBT
OVFWPT
FKFNQMPT
P
EFTBGPT

t
'BDJMJUBS
MB
FYQSFTJO
MJCSF
EF
MPT
BMVNOPT
Z
GBWPSFDFS
TV
BVUPOPNB
t
%JBMPHBS
FO
GPSNB
QFSTPOBMJ[BEB
DBEB
QFSTPOB
FT
VO
TVKFUP
QBSUJDVMBS
Z
OP
VO
ONFSP
t
1SPNPWFS
MB
QBSUJDJQBDJO
EF
UPEPT
t
/VODB
DFOTVSBS
DPSSFHJS
P
SFDIB[BS
VO
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
TJOP
QSPWPDBSMP
B
USBWT
EF
OVFWBT
SFGMFYJPOFT
t
&TDVDIBS
Z
SFDVQFSBS
MPT
EJTUJOUPT
BQPSUFT
QFSTPOBMFT
t
*OEVDJS
TOUFTJT
Z
SFDBQJUVMBDJPOFT
t
$POEVDJS
QSPHSFTJWBNFOUF
B
MB
DPOTUSVDDJO
DPNQBSUJEB
EF
TJHOJGJDBEPT
Z
DPODFQUPT
t
1POFS
FO
KVFHP
MPT
BDVFSEPT
FO
EJTUJOUPT
DPOUFYUPT
WBMPSBOEP
MB
EJWFSTJEBE
'JOBMNFOUF
QVFEF
EFTUBDBSTF
RVF
FM
NUPEP
EF
EJMPHP
SFGMFYJWP
NVFTUSB
VO
JNQPSUBOUF
EFTBSSPMMP
FO
MBT
NP-
EBMJEBEFT
EF
FOTFBO[B
CBTBEBT
FO
UVUPSBT
&M
UVUPS
FT
VO
BQPZP
HVB
Z
GBDJMJUBEPS
EF
MB
SFGMFYJO
Z
FM
DPOPDJNJFOUP

HFOFSBOEP
DPOEJDJPOFT
QBSB
RVF
MPT
FTUVEJBOUFT
JOUFHSFO
FM
TBCFS
EF
MBT
QSDUJDBT
FM
TBCFS
TJTUFNBUJ[BEP
Z
MB
FMBCP-
SBDJO
QFSTPOBM
4DIO


-BT
UVUPSBT
TF
EFTBSSPMMBO
IPZ
UBOUP
FO
MB
FOTFBO[B
QSFTFODJBM
DPNP
FO
MPT
NFEJPT

WJSUVBMFT
EF
BQSFOEJ[BKF

Mtodo de cambio conceptual

$JFSUBNFOUF
VOP
EF
MPT
EFTBGPT
EF
MB
FOTFBO[B
FT
HFOFSBS
FO
MPT
FTUVEJBOUFT
FM
SB[POBNJFOUP
DSUJDP
BOUF
FM

DPOPDJNJFOUP
Z
BOUF
TVT
QSPQJPT
TVQVFTUPT
&O
PUSPT
USNJOPT
TF
USBUB
EF
MB
CTRVFEB
EF
BNQMJBDJO
EF
MB
DPODJFO-
DJB
Z
EF
MB
GMFYJCJMJEBE
EF
QFOTBNJFOUP
%FTEF
FM
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
EF
MPT
TVQVFTUPT
EF
MPT
FTUVEJBOUFT
FTUPT
EFTBGPT
JNQMJDBO
MB
OFDFTJEBE
EF
QSPWPDBS

DPOGMJDUPT
EF
JOUFSQSFUBDJO
EF
EJGFSFOUFT
GPSNBT
t
QPOJFOEP
FO
UFOTJO
TVT
QSPQJBT
JOUFSQSFUBDJPOFT

P
DPODFQDJPOFT
DPO
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
EF
VOB
EFUFSNJOBEB

SFBMJEBE
DPOGMJDUP
FNQSJDP

t
DPOUSBTUBOEP
TVT
JOUFSQSFUBDJPOFT
DPO
PUSPT
FOGPRVFT
DPODFQUVBMFT
DPOGMJDUP
UFSJDP

1FSP
MB
GMFYJCJMJEBE
DPO-
DFQUVBM
Z
FM
QFOTBNJFOUP
DSUJDP
OP
TPMP
TF
EFTBSSPMMBO
DVFTUJPOBOEP
MBT
QSPQJBT
JEFBT
P
TVQVFTUPT
5BNCJO

Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

JNQMJDBO
BOBMJ[BS
DSUJDBNFOUF
FM
DPOPDJNJFOUP
NJTNP
RVF
TF
FOTFB
Z
TF
FTUVEJB
FWJUBOEP
MB
WJTJO
EFM


DPOPDJNJFOUP
UFSJDP
P
DJFOUGJDP
DPNP
BMHP
DFSSBEP
FTUUJDP
OFVUSP
P
EFTDPOUFYUVBMJ[BEP
&O
FTUB
EJSFDDJO

FTUPT
EFTBGPT
SFRVJFSFO
QSPWPDBS
DPOGMJDUPT
EF
JOUFSQSFUBDJO
EFM
DPOPDJNJFOUP
EF
EJTUJOUBT
GPSNBT
t
DPOUSBTUBOEP
EJTUJOUPT
FOGPRVFT
BMUFSOBUJWPT
TPCSF
VOB
NJTNB
SFBMJEBE
P
QSPCMFNB
DPOGMJDUP
FOUSF
UFPSBT

t
DPOUSBTUBOEP
VOP
P
NT
FOGPRVFT
DPO
FM
DPOUFYUP
QBSUJDVMBS
DPOGMJDUP
QSDUJDP

&O
FTUF
DBTP
VO
FOGPRVF

QVFEF
TFS
BQSPQJBEP
QBSB
FYQMJDBS
FM
DPOUFYUP
FO
FM
RVF
TF
PSJHJO
QFSP
QVFEF
TFS
JOWMJEP
P
MJNJUBEP
QBSB

FOUFOEFS
FM
DPOUFYUP
QSPQJP

13
 &O
DVBMRVJFSB
EF
MBT
BMUFSOBUJWBT
BOUFSJPSFT
MB
FOTFBO[B
JOUFHSB
MB
PSJFOUBDJO
EF
construccin activa y partici-
pativa del conocimiento
Z
MB
PSJFOUBDJO
EF
MB instruccin
MPT
BMVNOPT
SFGMFYJPOBO
EJTDVUFO
BOBMJ[BO
Z
SFFMBCPSBO

QFSP
BM

NJTNP
UJFNQP
TF
USBOTNJUFO
PUSBT
BMUFSOBUJWBT
QBSB
FOUFOEFS
FM
QSPCMFNB
MB
TJUVBDJO
P
MB
SFBMJEBE
"
DPOUJOVBDJO
TF
QSFTFOUBO
EPT
TFDVFODJBT
CTJDBT
EFM
NUPEP
EF
DBNCJP
DPODFQUVBM
FO
MB
NPEBMJEBE
EF

DPOGMJDUPT
FNQSJDPT
Z
DPOGMJDUPT
UFSJDPT
JOUFHSBOEP
MB
JOTUSVDDJO
Z
MB
DPOTUSVDDJO
BDUJWB
SFFMBCPSBDJO


Secuencia de cambio conceptual por conflictos empricos

Fases Actividades
1SFTFOUBDJO
EF
VO
QSPCMFNB
P
VOB
DVFTUJO
QPS
FM
QSPGFTPS
Apertura
-PT
BMVNOPT
QSFTFOUBO
TVT
JEFBT
P
TVQVFTUPT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
P
QSPCMFNB
1SFTFOUBDJPOFT
EF
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
FNQSJDBT
RVF
DPOUSBTUBO

DPO
MBT
JEFBT
QSFWJBT
DPOUSBFKFNQMPT

Provocacin
5PNB
EF
DPODJFODJB
EF
MPT
DPOGMJDUPT
FNQSJDPT
FOUSF
MPT
TVQVFTUPT
QSFWJPT
Z
MBT
OVFWBT



del conflicto
JOGPSNBDJPOFT
1SFTFOUBDJO
EF
FOGPRVFT
BMUFSOBUJWPT
QBSB
BOBMJ[BS
MB
JOGPSNBDJO
Contrastacin
-PT
BMVNOPT
EJTDVUFO
MPT
FOGPRVFT
Z
MB
JOGPSNBDJO
Z
MPT
DPNQBSBO
DPO
TVT
JEFBT
QSFWJBT
3FDVQFSBDJO
EF
MBT
EJTUJOUBT
SFGMFYJPOFT
Reelaboracin
&MBCPSBDJO
EF
VO
TJHOJGJDBEP
DPNO
TJO
EFKBS
BM
NBSHFO
MBT
EJGFSFODJBT
P
EJTDSFQBODJBT
Transferencia "QMJDBS
FM
OVFWP
FOGPRVF
B
PUSBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
FO
EJTUJOUPT
DPOUFYUPT
Z
QPOFSMPT
B
QSVFCB

Secuencia de cambio conceptual por conflictos tericos

Fases Actividades
1SFTFOUBDJO
EF
VO
QSPCMFNB
P
VOB
DVFTUJO
QPS
FM
QSPGFTPS
Apertura
-PT
BMVNOPT
QSFTFOUBO
TVT
JEFBT
P
TVQVFTUPT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
P
QSPCMFNB
Provocacin &M
QSPGFTPS
QSFTFOUB
NBSDPT
UFSJDPT
P
DPODFQUVBMFT
BMUFSOBUJWPT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
P
QSPCMFNB
del conflicto *EFOUJGJDBDJO
EF
DPOGMJDUPT
FOUSF
MPT
NBSDPT
BMUFSOBUJWPT
Z
FOUSF
FTUPT
Z
MBT
JEFBT
QSFWJBT
-PT
BMVNOPT
DPOUSBTUBO
Z
EFCBUFO
MPT
FOGPRVFT
BMUFSOBUJWPT
Z
TVT
JEFBT
QSFWJBT
Contrastacin
1SPWPDBDJO
EFM
EFCBUF
B
USBWT
EF
QSFHVOUBT
SFGMFYJWBT
3FDVQFSBDJO
EF
MBT
EJTUJOUBT
SFGMFYJPOFT
Reelaboracin
3FBDPNPEBDJO
DPODFQUVBM
TJO
EFKBS
BM
NBSHFO
MBT
EJGFSFODJBT
P
EJTDSFQBODJBT
Transferencia "QMJDBDJO
EF
MBT
DPODMVTJPOFT
B
PUSBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
FO
EJTUJOUPT
DPOUFYUPT
EF
JOUFSQSFUBDJO

Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

14
 2 Ejemplos para aplicar
&O
FTUB
TFDDJO
TF
QSPQPOF
VOB
TFSJF
EF
BDUJWJEBEFT
&M
PCKFUJWP
FT
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
BOBMJDFO
DSUJDBNFO-
Z
GVFOUFT
RVF
FM
EPDFOUF
QVFEF
TFMFDDJPOBS
Z
PSHBOJ[BS
UF
MPT
EJTUJOUPT
EJTDVSTPT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
Z
DPNQSFOEBO

QBSB
BQMJDBS
BMHVOP
EF
MPT
NUPEPT
EJEDUJDPT
QSFTFO- DNP
JOGMVZFO
EJTUJOUBT
QPTUVSBT
P
JEFBT
FO
MBT
BDDJPOFT

UBEPT
FO
MBT
QHJOBT
BOUFSJPSFT DPODSFUBT
FO
MB
SFBMJEBE
Z
MBT
EJGFSFOUFT
DPOTFDVFODJBT

RVF
QVFEFO
HFOFSBS

1BSB
EFTBSSPMMBS
FTUP
TF
QSPQPOF
USBCBKBS
DPO
VOB

Cambio climtico TFSJF
EF
UFYUPT
FO
MPT
RVF
TF
QVFEFO
JEFOUJGJDBS
EJTUJO-
UBT
QPTUVSBT
P
JEFBT
TPCSF
FM
UFNB

4F
IB
FMFHJEP
DPNP
UFNB
FM
DBNCJP
DMJNUJDP
QPS
TV
4F
QVFEF
QMBOUFBS
VO
FTRVFNB
DPNP
FM
TJHVJFOUF

HSBO
JNQPSUBODJB
FO
OVFTUSP
DPOUFYUP
IJTUSJDP
Z
QPS
MB
QBSB
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
UFOHBO
DMBSP
RV
FT
MP
RVF
TF
FT-
JOGMVFODJB
RVF
UJFOF
B
EJTUJOUBT
FTDBMBT
OBDJPOBM
DPOUJ- QFSB
RVF
MPHSFO
Z
RVF
GVODJPOF
DPNP
VOB
HVB
QBSB
MB

OFOUBM
Z
NVOEJBM MFDUVSB
DSUJDB
EF
MBT
EJTUJOUBT
GVFOUFT
Z
MB
FMBCPSBDJO
EF

&O
FTUF
DBTP
TF
QMBOUFB
DPNP
QSPCMFNB
FM
DPOPDJ- VOB
QSPQVFTUB
EJGFSFOUF
TPCSF
FM
UFNB
P
QSPCMFNUJDB
NJFOUP
RVF
TF
IB
JEP
DPOTPMJEBOEP
FO
MPT
MUJNPT
BPT
%FM
MBEP
EFSFDIP
EFM
FTRVFNB
TF
QSFTFOUBO
MBT

TPCSF
FM
DBNCJP
DMJNUJDP
OP
FM
DBNCJP
DMJNUJDP
FO
T
JEFBT
RVF
FTUO
QSFEPNJOBOEP
FO
EJTUJOUPT
NCJUPT

NJTNP
DPNP
VO
IFDIP
"T
FM
PCKFUJWP
QSJODJQBM
FT
RVF
BDBENJDPT
NFEJUJDPT
HVCFSOBNFOUBMFT
EF
PSHBOJ-
MPT
BMVNOPT

UPNFO
DPODJFODJB
EF
MPT
QSPDFTPT
EF
DPOT- [BDJPOFT
JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT
Z
0/(
%FM
MBEP
J[RVJFSEP
TF

USVDDJO
TPDJBM
EFM
DPOPDJNJFOUP
Z
EF
MB
OFDFTJEBE
EF
DJUB
VO
FKFNQMP
EF
DNP
TF
QVFEFO
QMBOUFBS
PUSBT

BERVJSJS
VOB
QPTUVSB
DSUJDB
Z
DPOTUSVDUJWB JEFBT
%F
FTUB
NBOFSB
MPT
BMVNOPT
UJFOFO
VOB
QSP-
4F
QSPQPOFO
MBT
TJHVJFOUFT
QSFHVOUBT
DMBWF
PSJFOUB- QVFTUB
EF
BCPSEBKF
EF
DNP
JEFOUJGJDBS
MPT
DBNCJPT

EPSBT
P
RVF
GVODJPOBO
DPNP
FKFT RVF
TF
QSPEVDFO
FO
MBT
BDDJPOFT
TPCSF
MB
SFBMJEBE
TJ

Existe el cambio climtico? QPS
FKFNQMP
DBNCJBO
MBT
JEFBT
TPCSF
MBT
DBVTBT
EFM

Por qu es un problema? DBNCJP
DMJNUJDP
Z
EF
RV
TF
DPOTJEFSB
VO
QSPCMFNB

IDEAS PREDOMINANTES ELABORACIN DE NUEVAS IDEAS

Causas Problema Consecuencias Causas Problema Consecuencias

&NJTJO
EF
$BNCJP
%FTBTUSFT
/P
TF
TBCF
-BT
%F
EJTUJOUP

(&*
HBTFT
DMJNUJDP
BNCJFOUBMFT
FO
DPO
DFSUF[B
QPTJCJMJEBEFT
UJQP
Z
HSBEP

EF
FGFDUP
HMPCBM UPEP
FM
QMBOFUB DNP
TF
Z
DBQBDJEBEFT
TFHO
FM

JOWFSOBEFSP
origina EF
BEBQUBDJO
MVHBS
Z
MBT

FM
DBNCJP
B
MB
NBZPS
condiciones
DMJNUJDP
WBSJBCJMJEBE
sociales
4F
FMBCPSBO
DMJNUJDB
Qu hacer. Cmo resolver el problema:
WBSJBT

5PEPT
MPT
QBTFT
EFCFO
SFBMJ[BS
BDDJPOFT

IJQUFTJT
QBSB
MB
NJUJHBDJO
Z
MB
BEBQUBDJO

Qu hacer. Cmo resolver el problema:

-PT
QBTFT
NT
SJDPT
UJFOFO
RVF
JOWFSUJS
FO
UFDOPMPHBT
OP

DPOUBNJOBOUFT
Z
MPT
QBTFT
NT
QPCSFT
FO
FTUSBUFHJBT
EF

BEBQUBDJO
QBSB
MB
QPCMBDJO
WVMOFSBCMF
Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

15
 -PT
TJHVJFOUFT
TPO
FKFNQMPT
EF
BDUJWJEBEFT
QBSB
USB- UBNCJO
SFTVMUB
JOUFSFTBOUF
WJODVMBSMBT
Z

CBKBS
DPO
MBT
GVFOUFT
QSPQVFTUBT
FO
MBT
QSYJNBT
QHJ- SFEJNFOTJPOBSMBT
&T
EFDJS
BOUFT
RVF
EFTFDIBS
MBT

nas. JEFBT
TF
QVFEF
EBSMFT
PUSB
WBMPSBDJO
1PS
FKFNQMP

BVORVF
DPOTJEFSFNPT
RVF
OP
FT
JNQPSUBOUF
MB

a)
-FFS
MPT
UFYUPT
Z
SFDPOPDFS
DVMFT
TF
BDFSDBO
B

FNJTJO
EF
$&*
P
MB
EFTFDIFNPT
DPNP
DBVTB
EFM

MB
QPTUVSB
QSPQVFTUB
B
MB
J[RVJFSEB
EFM
DVBESP


DBNCJP
DMJNUJDP
TF
QVFEF
NBOUFOFS
MB
QPTUVSB
EF

Z
DVMFT
B
MB
EF
MB
EFSFDIB
*EFOUJGJDBS
MPT


RVF
FT
JNQPSUBOUF
FWJUBS
P
EJTNJOVJS
FTB
FNJTJO

BSHVNFOUPT
RVF
DBSBDUFSJ[BO
DBEB
QSPQVFTUB
Z
QPSRVF
HFOFSB
DPOUBNJOBDJO
VO
QSPCMFNB

EFOUSP
EF
FMMPT
RV
FMFNFOUPT
TF
DPOTJEFSBO

BNCJFOUBM
UBNCJO
SFMFWBOUF

IFDIPT
Z
DVMFT
TPO
PQJOJPOFT

f)
1MBOUFBSMFT
B
MPT
BMVNOPT
VOB
TJUVBDJO
FO
MB


b)

4F
QMBOUFB
RVF
MPT
QBTFT
EF
"NSJDB
-BUJOB
UJFOFO
RVF
UJFOFO
RVF
QMBOJGJDBS
P
UPNBS
EFDJTJPOFT


VOB
QBSUJDJQBDJO
CBKB
FO
MB
FNJTJO
EF
(&*

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21
 Cambio climtico: argumentos y contraargumentos

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22
 El rol de los medios de comunicacin
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BBC Mundo
&O (BS[B
%BOJFM
Una crtica al simplismo con que se aborda

IUUQXXXCCDDPVLNVOEPDJFODJB@UFDOPMPHJB el Cambio Climtico Global.
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 IUUQEJBOBBEVSBOHPPHMFQBHFTDPNVOBDS$"%UJDBBMDDH
DPOTVMUBEP
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23
Los recursos naturales en la Amazonia 0USBT
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24
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25
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26
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28
 Groenlandia
Un territorio, un pas americano
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32