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2n
an =
n!
for large values of n.
Solution
First, user the seq (sequence) command to look at the sequence numerically. Then graph the
sequence to examine its behavior. Finally, use the limit( command to evaluate the sequence
symbolically.
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80 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS WITH THE TI-89
09diff.doc . Stephanie M. Watts Revised: 03/18/99 3:42 PM Printed: 03/18/99 3:44 PM Page 80 of 8
CHAPTER 9: INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES 81
Variable Function
nmin The minimum or starting value of n used to generate the sequence
nmax The maximum or final value of n
plotStrt The value of n at which graphing begins
plotStep The spacing between plotted points
xmin The left side of the viewing window
xmax The right side of the viewing window
xscl The spacing between the tick marks on the x-axis
ymin The bottom of the viewing window
ymax The top of the viewing window
yscl The spacing between the tick marks on the y-axis
You now have numerical, graphical, and symbolic evidence that the sequence
2n
a = converges to zero as n gets large.
n n!
a k =1
k
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82 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS WITH THE TI-89
The partial sums of a series are helpful in understanding the behavior of the infinite series. These
partial sums form a sequence.
s1 = a1
s2 = a1 + a2
s3 = a1 + a2 + a3
n
sn = a1 + a2 + a3+ ... + an = a k
k =1
If the sequence of partial sums converges to a limit S as n gets large, we say the infinite series
converges to S. If the sequence of partial sums diverges, the infinite series diverges.
Determine if the infinite series
2k
k =1 k !
Solution
You can use the ratio test to establish the convergence of the infinite series. Then investigate the
sequence of partial sums graphically and numerically to estimate the sum of the infinite series.
The ratio test says that if
ak +1
lim < 1 , the series a k converges.
k a
k k =1
Define A c K d 2 Z K e K e
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CHAPTER 9: INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES 83
th
9. Return to the Home screen to find the 50 partial sum
by entering (2^k/k!,k,1,50).
( 2 Z K e K e b K b 1 b 50 d
The result is exact but not very helpful. Press
to repeat the command and obtain a decimal
approximation.
Since the sequence of partial sums appears to converge to
approximately 6.389, we estimate that
2k
k =1 k !
= 6.389.
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84 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS WITH THE TI-89
Determine values for the coefficients of p( x) = ax 2 + bx + c so that the parabola is tangent to the
curve f ( x ) = e x at x = 0.
Solution
The parabola will be tangent to the curve if both functions have the same value at x = 0 as well as
the same first and second derivatives at x = 0.
1. Press 2 Clean Up and select 2:NewProb to clear
variables and set other defaults. In the MODE dialog
box, set Graph = FUNCTION.
2. Enter the commands Define f(x)=e^x and
Define p(x)=a*x^2+b*x+c to define the functions.
Define F c X d s X d
Define P c X d A p X Z 2 B p X C
3. Enter solve( f(x)=p(x), c)1x=0 to find the value of c.
solve( F c X d P c X d b C d X 0
4. Solve for the coefficient b that will make f '(0) = p'(0)
with the command solve((f(x),x)= (p(x),x),b)|x=0.
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CHAPTER 9: INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES 85
f ( x ) = tan 1 x
th
and compare with the integral of the 8 degree Taylor polynomial for
1
f ( x) =
1+ x2
Solution
1. Press 2 Clean Up and select 2:NewProb to clear
variables and set other defaults.
2. Enter the command taylor(tan-1(x),x,9).
taylor( S X d b X b 9
z 1 +1x 2 dx = tan 1 x + C .
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86 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS WITH THE TI-89
Exercises
Determine whether the sequences in exercises 1 through 3 converge or diverge. If the sequence
converges, estimate the limit to which it converges. Support your conclusion graphically,
numerically, and symbolically.
( 1) n1
1. an =
n
n!
2. an =
nn
4 n2 1
3. an =
3n + 2
Determine whether the series in exercises 4 through 8 converge or diverge. If a series converges,
estimate the sum. Support your conclusion graphically, numerically, and symbolically.
( 1) k
4.
k =1 k
1
5.
k=0 k !
( 1) k
6. 4
k=0 2k + 1
k
7.
F 2I
H 3K
k =1
k 1
8.
F 4I
H 3K
k =1
1 + cos2x
Find the 8 degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x ) =
th
9. expanded about x = 0.
2
10. Find the 8 degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x ) = cos(2 x ) .
th
Add 1 to this result and then divide by 2. Use the expand( command to expand this result
and compare it with the answer to Exercise 9.
11. Find the 5 degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x ) = ln( x )expanded about x = 1.
th
12. Find the 4 degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x ) = sin( x ) expanded about x =
th
.
2
09diff.doc . Stephanie M. Watts Revised: 03/18/99 3:42 PM Printed: 03/18/99 3:44 PM Page 86 of 8