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APPARATUS:
SAMPLING:
PROCEDURE:
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Soil mechanics lab manual
CALCULATION:
Where:
%W = Percentage of moisture in the sample,
A = Weight of wet sample (grams), and
B = Weight of dry sample (grams)
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Soil mechanics lab manual
OBJECTIVE
To find shear strength of a given soil specimen.
EQUIPMENT
1. Vane shear apparatus.
2. Specimen.
3. Specimen container.
4. Callipers.
PROCEDURE
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Soil mechanics lab manual
Calculations:
Shear strength,
Where,
S= Shear strength of soil in Kg/cm2
T= Torque in cm Kg
D= Overall diameter of Vane in cm
T = Spring constant / 1800 x difference in degree.
Observations:
Soil description:
General remarks:
This test is useful when the soil is soft and its water content is
nearer to liquid limit.
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Soil mechanics lab manual
3. CONSOLIDATION TEST
OBJECTIVE
To determine the settlements due to primary consolidation of
soil by conducting one dimensional test.
EQUIPMENT
1. Consolidometer consisting essentially
a) A ring of diameter = 60mm and height = 20mm
c) Guide ring.
d) Outer ring.
f) Pressure pad.
g) Rubber basket.
2. Loading device consisting of frame, lever system, loading yoke dial
gauge fixing device and weights.
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Soil mechanics lab manual
PROCEDURE
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Soil mechanics lab manual
9. After the last loading is completed, reduce the load to get the
value of the last load and allow it to stand for 24 hrs. Reduce the
load further in steps of above the previous intensity till an
intensity of 0.1 kg/cm2 is reached. Take the final reading of the
dial gauge.
10. Reduce the load to the initial load, keep it for 24 hrs and note
the final readings of the dial gauge.
11. Quickly dismantle the specimen assembly and remove the excess
water on the soil specimen in oven, note the dry weight of it.
Analysis:
(1) Calculate the initial water content and specific gravity of
the soil.
(2) For each pressure increment, construct a semilog plot of
the consolidation dial readings versus the log time (in
minutes). Determine D0, D50, D100, and the coefficient of
consolidation (cv) using Casagrandes logarithm of time
fitting method. See example data. Also calculate the
coefficient of secondary compression based on these plots.
(3) Calculate the void ratio at the end of primary
consolidation for each pressure increment (see example
data). Plot log pressure versus void ratio. Based on this
plot, calculate compression index, recompression index and
preconsolidation pressure (maximum past pressure).
(4) Summarize and discuss the results.