Sliding filament theory The sliding filament theory

describes how muscles

produce force when the thick
and thin filaments within the
sarcomere slide past one
another in a rachet-like
mechanism, shortening the

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) The name of the

common energy molecule,
which is essential for the
cellular processes in all living
things.

Reflex arc A simple neural pathway (or

circuit) in the body along
which the initial sensory
stimulus and the
corresponding response
message travel.

Proprioceptors Sensory receptors found in

musclesm tendons, joints and
the inner ear are able to
detect the motion or position
of the entire body or a limb by
responding to stimuli from
within the organism.

Muscle spindles Sensory receptors within a

muscle fibre that primarily
detect changes in the length
of the muscle.
Neuromuscular junction The point at which the nerves
that transmit a message
directing a muscle to move
come into contact with the
muscles.

Motor unit A motor neuron, its axon

(pathway), and the muscle
fibres that it stimulates.

All-or-none-principle When a motor unit is

stimulated to contract, it will
do so to its fullest potential.

Delayed onset muscle DOMS refers to the pain

soreness (DOMS) and/or stiffness that is felt in
muscles several hours or even
several days after one
performs strenuous exercise
or exercise to which one is
accustomed.

Tendonitis Inflammation of a tendon

caused by irritation due to
prolonged or abnormal use.
Sarcolemma A plasma membrane that lies
beneath the endomysium, a
Musculoskeletal System The system
sheath of bones, tissue
of connective joints
and
that muscles
surroundsthat provides
a muscle fibre.
form, support, and stability to
a body, thus giving humans
(and many other animal
species) the ability to move.

Sarcoplasm The muscle cells cytoplasm,

which is contained by the
Agonist and antagonist Muscles are typically arranged in
sarcolemma.
muscle pairs pairs, called antagonistic pairs-
as one muscle contracts, the
other relaxes (for example, your
triceps muscle relaxes while the
biceps contracts to lift a weight
in your forearm.)

Sarcomeres The repeating structural units

of skeletal muscle containing
Stabilizers Muscles thatprotein
the cellular provide support
myosin
and
and hold
actin;a itjoint
is a in place so
sarcomeres
that desireddark
alternating movements
and lightcan
occur at another
bands that give skeletalpoint.
muscle its striated

Sarcoplasmic reticulum A network of membranous

channels associated with each
Origin and insertion Body
musclemovements occur
fibre; along with when
other
muscles contract
tiny tunnels across joints
called transberse
tubules, these channels
and the point of insertion on
transport
the the electrochemical
moveable bone moves
substances involved
towards the point of in origin
a muscle
on
the immovable bone.

Neuromuscular System The interrelated workings of

the nervous system and the
Skeletal muscle fibre The basictounit of skeletal
muscles bring about
muscle
movement the brain and
spinal cord control skeletal
(voluntary) muscles through
specialized nerves.