CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objective of Research

By observing at several plants in the State University of

Malang,students are expected to:
a. To know the diversity of plants and morphological differences in the
plant.
b. Can classify plant species were observed
1.2 Introduction
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes,
classifies, and names plants. Three goals of plant taxonomy are the
identification, classification and description of plants. Plant identification is
the determination of the identity of an unknown plant by comparison with
the aid of books or identification manuals. Plant classification is the
placing of known plants into groups or categories to show some
relationship. There is seven levels classification in plant.

Kingdom is a unit of higher classification of organism. Phylum is

classification which have more spesifict than kingdom. Class is a division
of a phylum that itself contains one more orders. Ordo is classification
which have more spesifict structural than class. Family in taxonomy a
division of an oder that itself contains one more general. Genus it is a
group of similar species. A taxonomy level between family and species.
Spesies, in taxonomy is division of genus. Plant description is observing
about plant structural including root, stem, leaf and flower.

In phylum, plant have grouping of individual which have same

morphology and fisology. Such as schizophyta, thallophyta, bryophyte,
pteridophyta and spermathophyta. Shizophyta is group of plant which has
characteristic reproduce by dividing themselves and the body just contain
one cell with nucleus not look real. Thallophyta, this division contains by
plants has body saped thallus, thallus is body of plant but root, stem and
leaf cannot be distinguished. Bryophyta has some characteristic such as
cells constituent of body has a cell wall wich contais by celulosa.
Pteridophyta, this division has a characteristic body contains by kormus
the meaning is root, stem and leaf can distinguished but pteridophyta
cannot reproduce of seed.

And the las division is spermatophyte, this division be marked with

plants can produce seed and have breeding tool such as flower and
strobilus. In this division plant can be distinguished based skin of seed.
First is angiospermae, this plant have outdoor seed. And in this division
we can find plant monocotyl and plant dicotyl, and the second is
gymnospermae have a strobilus to breeding (Tjitrosoepomo,1989)

Plant anatomy. In the general, stem which has cambium because

meristem lateral activity and then because stem has cambium the tree
can grows larger. Beside this, there is stem not has cambium because the
stem cant grows larger. Leaf has many shapes, in the monokotyl plant
has parallel leaf, and in the dicotyl plant has pinnate leaf. Flower, not
every plant has a flower. Flower only in angiospermae plant. We can
distinguis flower in the dicotyl and monocotyl with see the petal of flower.
In the dicotyl flower has multiples of four and five. And then in the
monocotyl has multiples of three. Root, in general every plant has s root.
But the roots of each plant is different depending on the type and group.
In the dicotyl has a tap root, and monocotyl has a fibers root. We know
that there are perfect flower and nor perfect flower. Perfect flower
because has stamen and carpel to produce. And then, not perfect flower
because just has one of two between stamen only or carpel only to
produce.(George, 2005)
 CHAPTER II

METHODS

2.1 Tools and Materials

Alat-alat yang kami gunakan dalam pengamatan ini adalah:

Mobile phone / camera

Stationery

Bahan-bahan yang kami gunakan dalam oengamatan ini adalah:

Mulberry plant
Cherry plant
Pomegranate plant

2.2 Methods

1) Observation on mulberry
Looking for mulberry plants

Observing morphology that of the mulberry

Recorded observations

Taking picture
2) of mulberry plants as observational evidence
Observation on cherry
 Looking for cherry plants

Observing morphology
that of the cherry

Recorded observations

3) Observation on pomegranate
Taking picture of cherry
plants as observational
evidence
Looking for pomegranate plants

Observing morphology that of the pomegranate

Recorded observations

Taking picture of pomegranate plants as observational evidence

CHAPTER III

DATA
 Berdasarkan pengamatan yang kami lakukan pada morfologi
beberapa tumbuhan di lingkungan UM, maka berikut adalah hasil dari
pengamatannya.

Structure Murbei Kersen Delima

Root Tap root Tap root Tap root
Stem Has cambium Has cambium Has cambium
Leaf Pinnate Pinnate pinnate
Round small and
Fruit Small and grouping Large round
not grouping
Has perfect flower, Has not perfect
Flower - has stamen and flower. Just has
carpel stamen

Dan klasifikasi pada tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut adalah sebagai

berikut:

Kersen Delima
Classificati Murbei
(Munangia (Punica
on (Morus Alba)
Calabura L) Granatum)
Kingdom Plantae Plantae Plantae
Divisi Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta
Class Manoliopsida Magnoliopsida Magnolipsida
Ordo Rosales Malvales Myrtales
Family Moraceae Muntangiaceae Lythraceae
Genus Morus Muntingia L Punica
Spesies Morus Alba L M Calabura P Granatum

CHAPTER IV

RESULT
 Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes,
classifies, and names plants. The observations we have done explained
that, according to the taxonomy of mulberry, cherry, and pomegranates
are on the level of kingdom, division, and the same class namely Plantae,
Magnoliophyta and Magnolioopsida. Included in the Plantae because they
are plants. The main characteristics of the division Magnoliophyta is
closed seed plants, there have been real flowers and leaves that vary in
shape, size and shape of bones. Common characteristics possessed by the
class Magnoliopsida is a woody, having bone leaves palmatus or pinnate,
leaf margin varies, roots institutions grew steadily forming a taproot, stem
with branches many, a single leaf or compound, rarely has a vagina,
Flowers has a lot part in multiples of 4 or 5, beans with 2 cotyledons.

At the level of ordo, mulberry, cherry and pomegranate are in a

different group. Mulberry included in the Rosales. Ordo of Rosales is a
group of roses, bush-shaped, but some are woody, thorny or spiny
outboard. Cherry included in the Malvales. Characteristics of the Malvales
are the shape can be either shrubs or trees, usually the flowers are large
and form the funnel, the petals united (not separated), five flower crown,
attached to the base so that when the fall is always together, do not shed
their own, stamens usually numerous and connected with pistils. And
pomegranate included in Myrtales. Ordo Myrtales shaped shrubs or trees. The
leaves seem always green and flavorful when squeezed.

At the level of family, mulberry included in Moraceae. Moraceae,

often called family mulberry, banyan or fig. Characteristics generally are in the
form of trees, shrubs or climbers, gummy white, single leaf, compound, pinnate,
menjari, Stipule small to large and cover the bud. Cherry included in
Muntangiaceae. And pomegranate included in Lythraceae.

At the level of genus, mulberry included in Morus. Cherry included in

the Muntingia L. And pomegranate included in Punica. At the level of species
mulberry included in Morus Alba L., cherry include in the M. Calabura and
pomegranate included in the P Granatum.
 The characteristics of monocot plants are fibrous roots, stems not have
the cambium and unbranched, shaped leaves wide, elongated like a ribbon and
diverse, the number of petals multiples of three, and a transporter beam
scattered on both stems filter vessels and timber vessels. The characteristics of
plants dikotil is rooted riding, stems have cambium and branched, having bone
leaves parallel or curved and leaf shape menjari or pinnate, number of petals
multiples of two or four, and beam transporter is organized by the vessels of
wood located on the inside of the filter vessel. Based on the observed data, we
conclude that the mulberry, cherry and pomegranate included in dicotyledonous
plants
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

1. Based on the observation that we have done, it was in our own

University environment are plants diverse. And each of these plants
have the respective characteristics of the shape of the bone.
Ranging from the shape of the bone pinnate leaves, curved rod
berkambium stems to the roots which includes fibers and riding.
2. In the observations, we give 3 the data type of plant, namely :
a. Murbei ( Morus alba L ) belonging to the Kingdom Plantae and
belong to the species M. alba
b. Kersen ( Muntingia calabura L )belonging to the Kingdom
Plantae and belong to the species M. calabura
c. Delima ( Punica granatum L) belonging to the Kingdom
Plantae and belong to the species Punica granatum L
 REFERENNCE

George, H Fried. 2005. Schaums Outlines. Jakarta: Erlangga

Lestari, Eva. 2015. Jawara Ujian Biologi SMA Kelas 10,11,12 Strategi
Powerfull Menghadapi Ulangan Harian-Ujian Semester-Ujian Kenaikan
Kelas-Ujian Nasional. Jakarta: PT Tangga Pustaka

Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1989. Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Yogyakarta:

Universitas Gadjah Mada