A

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
POWER GENERATION BY FOOT STEP SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY
TARKESHWER GUPTA (1313240171)
TARUN SINGH (1313240172)
VINAYAK MISHRA (1313240183)
VIRENDRA (1313240184)

Under the guidance of

Mr. Kartik Gupta

OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
PLOT NO. 7, K.P. II, GREATER NOIDA, UP-201310
Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
(Formerly known as Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow)

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 1. INTRODUCTION

Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well being
ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Primitive man required energy
primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted.
Subsequently he discovered fire and his energy needs increased as he started to make use of
wood and other bio mass to supply the energy needs for cooking as well as for keeping himself
warm.

With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added a new
dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him. With
further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving
windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills,
and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say
that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man
was using only renewable sources of energy.

This has become vibrant requirement that an alternate, economical, monopoly

independent, handy and easy to install solution to overcome the crisis of electrical energy must
be determined by scientists and engineers. There is a strong need of electrical power that could
become promising as an alternate source with robust technology which may be consumed to
empower usability of mandatory needed routine appliances e.g. To power street lights, lighting
day time dark corridors usually at underpasses, charging cell phones, laptops, emergency light
for underground shopping malls, in the absence of main electric line supply as a handy substitute.
We have tried to explore the method that how scientists and engineers are striving hard to bring
use of the effect to generate alternate electrical power via paddling on floor tiles.

The implementation discussed in this paper is all about developing mechanics with
software control for producing electricity. The method is based on the technique where people in
their routine walk, passes over the power generating floor made up of tiles each containing an
assembly that absorb force in the form of potential energy that is transformed into electrical
energy with electro-mechanical setup with software based control and monitor towards power

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hungry loads. Walking is undoubtedly the most recurrent action of a person during a single day
and in daily routine span. Whenever a person of any age with certain weight walks, he exerts
potential force towards the floor by means of padding or jumping. The human body mass is
therefore accumulated with potential energy when he stand or walk. The model relies on utilizing
this accumulated energy dropped on floor containing tiles, which comprises of an assembly
beneath the tile which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is
further converted into mechanical energy using motor-generator mg-set which produces
electrical power, ready for storage or consumption. This method of electricity production can be
considered clean and pollution free for equally to health and environment friendly. Since, this
development does not consume any fuel or adiabatic resource; hence its creation leads to null or
zero pollution. The Japanese firms, who also are deeply dependent on imported fuel like
petroleum, oil, coal, gasoline, and firewood to power its industries, are at the vanguard of
research into clean and re-useable energy sources. Yoshiaki takuya of sound power corporation
stated that an average person, weighing 60 kg, can produce only 0.1 watt per second triggering
two steps across the tile. Tremendously, when they are assumed to cover a large area of floor
with thousands of pedestrians padding, stepping or jumping, they can produce large total.

In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply

walking or running on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this
time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy
into the electrical energy. This project using simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion
assemble and chain drive mechanism.

For this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy. The control
mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and inverter control. We have
discussed the various applications and further extension also. The D.C generator used in this
project is Permanente magnet D.C generator. The generator is coupled to the ply wheel shaft with
the help of spur gear mechanism.

The output of the generator is 12 volts. This 12 volt is stored in a 7 amp-hour battery. The
battery type is lead-acid battery. The battery is connected to the inverter which is used to convert
the d.c 12 volt to the 230 volt A.C. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the
power rating is increased.

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 2. LITERATURE VIEW
Joseph, A. & Tom, B.[1] have been generated electricity from footsteps which can be obtained
while walking or running on certain arrangements like foot paths, stairs, platforms and
this system can be installed anywhere. When a person walks, he losses energy to the
ground in the form of impact, vibrations etc. This energy can be tapped by piezoelectric
crystals and can be converted to a usable electrical form. This electrical energy can be
stored in a battery for later use. A prototype of the system is built along with rack and
pinion arrangement for meeting the load requirement.
Vasantharaj A & Dhivya M. etc [2] have been generated the electric power through the
fabrication of foot step arrangement. Now days power demand is increased, so this paper is used
to generate the electrical power in order to compensate the electric power demand. This paper is
designed with foot step arrangement, Dynamo, Rectifier with filter and battery. Foot step
arrangement is the mechanical arrangement with wheels. This arrangement is placed in the
crowed area side.
Afzal, S. & Hafeez, F. [3] have been generated electricity when people walk on the floor. Think
about the forces which are wasted when a person walks. The idea is to convert the weight energy
to electrical energy. The power generating floor intends to trans- late the kinetic energy to the
electrical power. Energy crisis is the main issue of world these days. The motto of this research
work is to face this crisis somehow. Though it wont meet the requirement of electricity but as a
matter of fact if people able to design a power generating floor that can produce 100 w on just 12
steps, then for 120 steps they can produce 1000 watt and if they install such type of 100 floors
with this system then it can produce 1megawatt. Which itself is an achievement to make it
significant.
Yadav, V.K. & Kumar, R.etc [4] have been presented the study of electricity generation through
the step mechanism. For obtaining the electricity through the step mechanism a prototype model
is developed and studied. The electrical power generation system is configured to generate
electric power via movements of the humans. The power source is used in the form of a
generator to prime the variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of the
power source by extracting energy from the passing humans. Findings from this research work
are discussed in this paper. The generator used is permanent magnet D.C. generator.

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Vino, J.A. [5] has been generated electrical power as non-conventional method by simply
running on the train in the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at
this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs no fuel input
power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project using simple drive
mechanism such as rock and pinion assemble and chain drive mechanism. For this project
the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy. The control mechanism carries
the Rack & Pinion, D.C. generator, and battery and inverter control. We have discussed
the various applications and further extension also. So this project is implemented to all
foot step, the power generation is very high. The initial cost of this arrangement is high.
Saleem, H. & Khan, M.S.A [6] have been worked on the technique to generate electricity i.e.
using paddling impact. This is done by applying paddling force on floor which is converted to
kinetic energy and then to mechanical energy, there after mechanical energy is further
transformed into electrical energy which is accumulated for genuine use towards power hungry
load. The phenomena works on the Law of Conservation of Energy. Undoubtedly this method
cannot meet the total requirement of large number of consumers but this can handle energy crisis
to some magnitude which seems tremendous and significant accomplishment. This electricity
production is not only pollution free but it is more economical since it require low maintenance
efforts and can minimize the ongoing burden of charging batteries for hand carrying electrical
appliances and street lights etc. Although some engineers, researchers and companies have
initiated to provide such solution but lot of work is needed to design for economical solution to
be available to every consumer. In this paper we have presented the extended design and
implementation.
Sekhar A.C., Kishore B.M.etc. [7] have been generated electrical power as non- conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very
essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting
mechanical energy into the electrical energy. The main aim of this project is to develop much
cleaner cost effective way of power generation method, which in turns helps to bring down the
global warming as well as reduce the power shortages. In this project the conversion of the force
energy in to electrical energy by using electromagnetic induction. In this project the force energy
is converted into electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the copper coil and bar

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magnetic which is used to generate voltage, a rechargeable battery is used to store this generated
voltage.
Yadav P.K., Kumar R.etc [8] have been generated electrical energy by means of a non-
conventional method just by walking on the footsteps. Non conventional system for energies are
very much required at this time. Energy generation using footsteps requires no any fuel input to
generate electricity. In this project we are generating electricity just with the help of rack and
pinion arrangement along with alternator and chain drive mechanism. For its proper functioning
such that it converts force into electrical energy, the mechanism consists of rack & pinion, chain
drives, alternator and battery. They have discussed its various alternate applications with
extension also. The power generation is much worthy but it has little initial cost effective factors.
Dhakad L., Panwar P, [9] have been specified that in this current scenario, power is the primary
need for the survival of human life. Researches shows that large amount of power is generated
from non-renewable energy resources compared to that of renewable energy resources. The
extensive usages of available resources in recent years created a demand for the future
generation. To overcome this problem we need to utilize renewable energy sources for power
generation and conservation. Therefore the focus now is shifting more and more towards the
renewable source of energy, which are essential and non-polluting. In this paper it is mainly
focused to provide the detailed survey of power generation mechanism from renewable energy
resources includes piezoelectric mechanism, rack and pinion mechanism, piston mechanism and
the roller mechanism.
Jose V T. , Boban B. [10] A slab of concrete harnesses kinetic energy whenever it is stepped on.
This energy, created by 5 millimeters of flex in the material, is then either stored by lithium
polymer batteries contained within the slabs or transmitted immediately to streetlights or other
electronics located close by. The current model, made from stainless steel, recycled car tires and
recycled aluminum, also includes a lamp embedded in the pavement that lights up every time a
step is converted into energy (using only 5 percent of the generated energy).
Sekhar A.C., Kishore B.M.[11] has been generating electrical power as non- conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very
essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting
mechanical energy into the electrical energy. The main aim of this project is to develop much
cleaner cost effective way of power generation method, which in turns helps to bring down the

6
global warming as well as reduce the power shortages. In this project the conversion of the force
energy in to electrical energy by using electromagnetic induction. In this project the force energy
is converted into electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the copper coil and bar
magnetic which is used to generate voltage, a rechargeable battery is used to store this generated
voltage.

Yalagi S.[12] has been generating electrical power as non-conventional method by walking on
the footsteps. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to developing nations
like India, China etc. Non-conventional energy using footsteps needs no fuel input power to
generate the output. In this project the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy is
done by using simple drive mechanisms such as rack and pinion assembly and chain drive
mechanism.

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 2. DESCRIPTIONS
A) Flooring system : When the mechanical setup is used as it is, every single setup will
compress separately and give an awkward feeling while walking over that. To prevent
this, a flooring system is installed over the mechanical setup. The purpose of installing
this flooring system is provide required compression and at the same time to prevent the
people to feel uncomfortable when walking over it. As every block over the setup is
connected to one another using hinge arrangement, the compression will not be felt as the
weight of the person walking over that will be distributed. But the pressure required to
compress the setup will be conveyed as the persons weight acts on the particular setup
only depending upon the average weight over a locomotive area, the strength and number
of hinges are used for the area where average weight is more, the numbers of the hinges
are increased.

B) Mechanical Stress : here the mechanical stress is consider as the weight of the foot steps per
unit area. The weight of the foot steps due to gravity is converted into mechanical
rotation. Stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring
particles of a continuous material exert on each other. For example, when a solid vertical
bar is supporting a weight, each particle in the bar pulls on the particles immediately
above and below it. When a liquid is under pressure, each particle gets pushed inwards by
all the surrounding particles, and, in reaction, pushes them outwards. These macroscopic
forces are actually the average of a very large number of intermolecular forces and
collisions between the molecules in those particles. Stress inside a body may arise by
various mechanisms, such as reaction to external forces applied to the bulk material (like
gravity) or to its surface (like contact forces, external pressure, or friction). Any strain
(deformation) of a solid material generates an internal elastic stress, analogous to the
reaction force of a spring, that tends to restore the material to its original undeformed
state

C) Rack And Pinion: The rack and pinion is used to convert between rotary and linear motion.
The rack is the flat, toothed part, the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert from
rotary to linear of from linear to rotary. The diameter of the gear determines the speed
that the rack moves as the pinion turns. Rack and pinions are commonly used in the

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 steering system of cars to convert the rotary motion of the steering wheel to the side to
side motion in the wheels. Rack and pinion gears give a positive motion especially
compared to the friction drive of a wheel in tarmac. In the rack and pinion railway a
central rack between the two rails engages with a pinion on the engine allowing the train
to be pulled up very steep slopes. A rack is a toothed bar or rod that can be thought of as a
sector gear with an infinitely large radius of curvature.

Fig 1 Rack and pinion [2]

D) Dynamo: Dynamo is an electrical generator. This dynamo produces direct current with the
use of a commutator. Dynamo was the first generator capable of the power industries.
The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical
rotation into a pulsing direct electric current.

Fig 2 Dynamo[2]
E) Rectifier: Rectifier is an electrical device .it is converting to the alternating current to direct
current this process known as rectification. Rectifier has many uses it can be found in
many power supply components and also as a detector. The term rectifier describes a
diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all rectifiers comprise a number of
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 diodes in a specific arrangement for more efficiently converting AC to DC than is
possible with only one diode.

Fig 3 Rectifier [2]

F) Filter: Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal processing functions,
specifically intended to remove unwanted signal components and/or enhance wanted
ones.

G) Battery: In our project we are using secondary type battery. It is rechargeable type. A battery
is one or more electrochemical cells, which store chemical energy and make it available
as electric current. There are two types of batteries, primary (disposable) and secondary
(rechargeable), both of which convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Primary
batteries can only be used once because they use up their chemicals in an irreversible
reaction. Secondary batteries can be recharged because the chemical reactions they use
are reversible; they are recharged by running a charging current through the battery, but
in the opposite direction of the discharge current.

H) Spring: A spring is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to distort when loaded and
to recover its original shape when the Load is removed. The springs used here are open
coil helical springs which are used where there is compression load. These springs are
made from oil tempered carbon steel wires.

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 Fig 4 Spring [2]
I) Gear: The slipping belt of a belt is a common phenomenon, in the transmission of motion or
power between two shafts. The effect of slipping is to reduce the velocity ratio of the
system precision machines, in which a definite velocity ratio is of importance, the only
positive drive is by gears or toothed wheels. A gear drive is also provided, when the
distance between the driver and the follower is very small.

3. OBJECTIVE

After performing a detailed literature review the following objectives are formulated for this
optimization.
To obtain minimum weight.
To obtain maximum strength to resist variable load.
To obtain maximum transformation of reciprocating motion into rotary motion.
To obtain good resistance to distortion under heavy force.

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 To obtain less area for establishment.
To obtain good resistance to erosion under variable atmosphere.
To obtain a good ability to resist friction between component.
To obtain a good ability to generate more electricity.
To prevent all electric component from system vibrations.
To prepare an efficient system under lower cost.

4. FEASIBLE STUDY

The various aspects are there which shows that this project (Power development using footstep)
is feasible.
1. Technical Feasibility: In term of technical aspects, the concept of rack and pinion and
gear-chain can be easily specified. Implementation of new system or any another term for
improving the efficiency of the system is technically feasible.
2.Economic Feasibility: Economic is generally referred to as CHEAP, and is calculated in
terms of monetary value of the parts used in its installation and maintenance. It will be
economically feasible due to the use of easily available materials.

3. Resources Feasibility: The parts of the project and rack and pinion are easily available in
the market in the reasonable cost. The resources of the parts are easily available in the market,
and the main point is, that are cheap. So we can say that the project to be made will feasible
according to the availability of resources.

4. Market Feasibility: In the present time everyone wants more non-conventional energy. So
the final product will spread out in the market very easily due to its efficiency. So in this way it is
feasible according to the market condition.

5. Environmental Feasibility: This project is mainly source of the non-conventional energy

so it does not harm the environment. So the project to be made will be feasible according to the
environment condition.

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 5. ADVANTAGES

Power generation is simply walking on the step

Power also generated by running or exercising on the step.
No need fuel input
This is a Non-conventional system
Battery is used to store the generated power

6. DISADVANTAGES

Only applicable for the particular place.

Mechanical moving parts is high
Initial cost of this arrangement is high.
Care should be taken for batteries

7. APPLICATIONS

Power generation using foot step can be used in most of the places such as
Colleges,
Schools,
Cinema theatres,
Shopping complex and
Many other buildings.

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 8. REFERENCE

[1] Joseph, A. & Tom, B. Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering Vol. 5, Special Issue 3, ISO 3297: 2007, March 2016.

[2] Vasantharaj A & Dhivya M. etc. Electrical power generation using foot steps International
Journal of Advanced Research in Biology Engineering Science and Technology (IJARBEST)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 10, ISSN 2395-695X, March 2016

[3] Afzal, S. & Hafeez, F. Power Generation Footstep International Journal of Advancements
in Research & Technology, Vol 3, Issue 4, ISSN 2278-7763, April 2014

[4] Yadav, V.K. & Kumar, R.etc. Power Generation Through Step International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol 5, Issue 5, ISSN 2229-5518, May 2014

[5] Vino, J.A. Power Generation Using Foot Step. International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Technology (IJETT) Vol 1, Issue 2, ISSN: 2231-5381, May 2011

[6] Saleem, H. & Khan, M.S.A. Protracted Design and Implementation International Journal of
Computer Applications Vol 107, Issue 2, ISSN: 0975 8887 December 2014

[7] Sekhar A.C., Kishore B.M.etc. Electromagnetic Foot Step Power Generation International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 6, ISSN: 2250-3153 June 2014

[8] Yadav P.K., Kumar R.etc. Foot Step Power Generation International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 2, ISSN: 0976-6359 March-April 2016

[9] Dhakad L., Panwar P, Electricity Generation From Footsteps International Journal Of
Innovation In Engineering Research & Management Volume 02 Issue 02 ISSN:2348-4918 April
2015

[10] Jose V T. , Boban B. A Regenerative Energy Resource International Journal of Scientific

and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 3, ISSN 2250-3153 March 2013

[11] Sekhar A.C., Kishore B.M. , Raju T. J. Electromagnetic Foot Step Power Generation
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 6, ISSN 2250-
3153 June 2014

[12] Yalagi S.Power Generation By Foot Steps Using Rack And Pinion Arrangement
International Journal of Engineering Research And Advanced Technology (IJERAT) Volume 02,
Issue 01, ISSN:2454-6135 May 2016

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