Vectors: Target IIT-JEE 2016 Physics

VECTORS Author: Pranjal K. Bharti (B. Tech., IIT Kharagpur) www.vidyadrishti.
org
Target IIT-JEE 2016

Physics
VECTORS
Pranjal K. Bharti, B. Tech., IIT Kharagpur
2007 Pranjal K. Bharti
All rights reserved.
www.vidyadrishti.org
2014-2016
Page |1 CONCEPT: JB 20, Top Floor, Near Jitendra Cinema, Bokaro Steel City Mb: 7488044834
VECTORS Author: Pranjal K. Bharti (B. Tech., IIT Kharagpur) www.vidyadrishti.org

Definition of vectors: Those physical quantities which have Example: What is the angle between vectors P & Q ?
both magnitude as well as direction and follow laws of vector
addition are known as vectors. Q Q
Representation of a vector (Arrow over letters or bold letters) 180o

AB = AB = P = P
B P P
Note: A is tail and B is SOLUTION:

P
tip (or head) To get angle between two vectors, the tails of two vectors
A
must be at same point (i.e., they must be co-initial vectors).
Magnitude of a vector (with modulus or without bold)
Clearly, is not the angle between two vectors as tails of two
AB = |AB| = P =|P | = AB = P
vectors are not at same point. Then, what to do?
Note: Magnitude is the length of the vector.
We have to shift vectors such that they can be made co-
Equal vectors: initial vectors.
Clearly, (180o ) is the angle between two vectors.
Two vectors having equal magnitude and same direction.
Q. Find the angle between two vectors in all three

P Q R cases:
4m
4m 4m
P P
P Q
e.g., P = Q because P = Q = 4m 300 30 0
120 0

And direction of P = direction of Q Q
(a) (b) (c )
Shifting of vectors: A vector can be shifted to new position of
our convenience provided magnitude and direction remains Negative of a vector: A vector is said to be negative of another
unchanged. Sometimes we need to shift a vector to origin to vector if it has same magnitude but lies in opposite direction.
perform vector algebra conveniently. Clearly, negative of a vector is obtained by reversing its
y direction.

P
P Q R
4m P P 4m
4m 4m 4m 4m
x
O
NOTE: In our study, vectors do not have fixed locations. So Here P = R because P = R = 4m and direction of P is
displacing a vector parallel to itself leaves the vector
opposite to that of R .
unchanged. Such vectors are called free vectors. However, in
some physical applications, location or line of application of a Please note P = R does not mean P = R
vector is important. Such vectors are called localised vectors.
Zero Vector or Null Vector (0 or 0 ): As the name suggest,
Co-initial Vectors: Loosely speaking, co means same & initial zero vector has zero magnitude. Since, it is a vector, it must
means start. Therefore, co-initial vectors are those vectors have some direction. This direction is arbitrary. Thus, a vector
which have same starting point, meaning their tails lie at same having magnitude zero and arbitrary direction is called a zero
point.
P vector. Zero vector is denoted by 0 or 0 .
Position Vector
Here P & Q are co-initial vectors. Q A vector whose initial point (tail) is at origin is called a

position vector. Here, vectors P & R are position vectors but
Angle between two vectors: We should use concept of
shifting to find out angle between two vectors. Two Q is not a position vector.
vectors must be co-initial vectors. y

Q
P P

Q x
o
O
R
Angle between two vectors should not be greater than 180 .
o o

0 180 Position vector is generally represented by r . We will study
more about it in Kinematics.
Unit Vector Unit Vectors along coordinate axes:

Loosely speaking, unit means one. Therefore, a vector whose y
magnitude is unity (1 unit) is called a unit vector. Generally it
is represented by cap over letter. e.g., i, j , k , n etc. Clearly, Unit vector along X-axis = i j
i 1,=
j 1,= Unit vector along Y- axis = j
= k 1,=
n 1
i
Unit vector along Z- axis = k x

Unit Vector in the direction of a given vector A
i =
j k= 1 k
A Clearly, =

A = A
A z
A
Unit vector notation tricks (when vectors are parallel to
Right handed coordinate system: coordinate axes):
A vector of magnitude a (a > 0) and (parallel to) x-axis = ai .
y A vector of magnitude a (a> 0) and anti-parallel (means
opposite direction) to x-axis = ai .
A vector of magnitude a (a> 0) and parallel to y-axis = a j .
A vector of magnitude a (a> 0) and anti-parallel to y-axis
x = a j .
A vector of magnitude a (a> 0) and parallel to z-axis = ak .
A vector of magnitude a (a> 0) and anti-parallel to z-axis
= ak .
z
y
Perpendicular and going into Some examples:
the plane of paper
Perpendicular and coming out

z of the plane of paper
Q. Which of the followings are right handed coordinate

systems?
x y
x
z
z

A = 4m i [Parallel to x-axis]

y B = 2m j [Parallel to y-axis]

C = 3m i [Anti-parallel to x-axis]

x z x y D = 5m j [Anti-parallel to y-axis]
NOTE: These tricks should always be kept in your mind.

y z
Representation of a position vector in unit vector form (3D) Q1. Write x and y components of these vectors and write
them in unit vector notation. Radius of circle is 7 m.
y
(x, y, z) x y

r
x
30 o

A 12 m
z

Suppose the coordinates of tip of position vector r is (x, y, z),
P
then that vector is represented in unit vector form as

14 m
r = xi + y j + zk
Q R
y
U

Here, x = x-component of vector r 15 m
T 12 m
y = y-component of vector r

z = z-component of vector r 30 o x S 20 m
The magnitude (or length) of this vector is

r = r = x2 + y 2 + z 2
Magnitude and direction of vector (when given in unit vector

Component of a vector
form in 2D)
Component of a vector A along a
direction making an angle with it is Let a vector in unit vector form as
A cos .
A= xi + y j

Here, x = x-component of vector A

Rectangular component of a vector y = y-component of vector A

Let a vector A makes an angle of with positive direction of The magnitude (or length) of this vector is
x- axis. Then,
X-component of
A = A cos =A A = x2 + y 2
Y-component of A = A sin
y
We can write A in the unit vector notation as Angle with positive direction of x-axis: = tan 1
x
=A A cos i + A sin j
y
Alternate method: Find principal angle as = tan 1
x
(Note in given diagram; is inclination with x-axis)
Angle with positive x axis: y 1st quadrant y

st 2nd quadrant
1 quadrant, = o
nd o
= 180
2 quadrant, = 180
rd o
x x
3 quadrant, = 180 +
th o
4 quadrant, = 360
y y
o
o
= 180 + = 360
x x

3rd quadrant
4th quadrant
Q2. Draw the following vectors and then find out magnitude Vector Addition
and direction (i.e., angle) with positive x-axis. Method 2 : Analytically
a) 2i + 2 j b) 3i + 3 3 j c) 3i 3 j
A1 = a1 i + b1 j + c1 k

d) 3i e) 3 3 j A = a i + b j + c k
2 2 2 2
...........
Vector Addition
An = an i + bn j + cn k
Method 1 : Graphically Then,

nd R = A1 + A2 + ... + An
Step 1: Shift all vectors such that the tail of 2 vector should
st
lie on head of 1 vector. Repeat this for all vectors. R = (a1 + a2 + ... + an )i + (b1 + b2 + ... + bn ) j + (c1 + c2 + ... + cn )k.
st
Step 2: Join from the tail of 1 vector to the head of last Here, R = resultant (i.e., vector sum of all vectors)
vector. Direction of resultant is towards the head of last
vector.

Q4. Let a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b =i 2 j 3k . Find

a) r= a + b and r

b) s= a b and s

c) t= b a and t
Qs 5. Find the vector sum of given vectors in (a) and (b)

Q3. Find the vector sum of these vectors: y C
30o
15 m D
2m 2m
4m
x
(a)

12 m A
2m 2m 30o 20 m
4m
(a)
(b)
Now using Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle

P
ACM, we have

AC 2 =AM 2 + CM 2 =( AB + BM ) + CM 2
14 m Q 2
R
y U
R 2 = ( P + Q cos ) + ( Q sin )
2 2
15 m
T 12 m R 2 = ( P 2 + Q 2 cos 2 + 2 PQ cos ) + ( Q 2 sin 2 )
R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) + 2 PQ cos

30 o x S 20 m
R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos
( cos 2
1)
+ sin 2 =
(b) Again, in right angled triangle ACM

perpendicular CM CM
=
tan = =
base AM AB + BM
Q sin
Vector Addition tan =
P + Q cos
Method 3: Triangle law of vector addition (when tail of one
vector is on the head of another vector) Q 6. Find out the magnitude of resultant of P and Q and also
find the angle which resultant makes with P. Also draw the
Statement: It states that if two vectors are represented in resultant.
magnitude and direction by the two sides of a triangle taken in
the same order, then the resultant is represented in magnitude
and direction by the third side of the triangle taken in opposite

order. Q 5m
5m
120 o
Clearly, AB + BC = AC (See graphical method for C
explanation) P
R
Q
R= P + Q Q 7. An automobile travels due east on a level road for 30 m.

It then turns north at an intersection and travels 40 m before
A B
Magnitude of R : P stopping. Find the resultant displacement of the car.
Q 8. Establish the following results
R = R = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos
a) |a + b| < |a| + |b|

Note is the angle between vectors P & Q b) |a + b| > ||a| |b||
(See angle between two vectors for explanation) c) |a b| < |a| + |b|
d) |a b| > ||a| |b||

Angle which R makes with P :
Answers:
Q sin 6. 53 m, 300
tan =
P + Q cos 7. The resultant displacement has magnitude 50 m and makes
0
an angle 53 due north of east.
Proof of triangle law of vector addition
C

R
Q

A B
P M
Draw a perpendicular CM on AB. Clearly

BC = Q cos and CM = Q sin .
Vector Addition
Special cases of vector addition
P
Method 4: Parallelogram law of vector addition (when two
vectors are placed tail to tail i.e., co-initial vector) Case 1: Maximum magnitude of resultant

Q
Statement: It states that if two vectors acting simultaneously R = R = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos
are represented in magnitude and direction by the two adjacent
sides of a parallelogram taken in the same order, then the Clearly R is maximum when cos is maximum. Maximum
o
resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by the value of cos is 1 when = 0 .
diagonal of the parallelogram passing through that point.
Rmax = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ = ( P + Q ) =P + Q
2
Rmax =+
P Q when two vectors lies in same direction.
R= P + Q
Q R

Case 2: Minimum magnitude of resultant P

Magnitude of R P R = R = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos

Q
Clearly R is minimum when cos is minimum. Minimum value
R = R = P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos o
of cos is 1 when = 180 .

Note is the angle between vectors P & Q
Rmin = P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ = ( P Q) = P Q
2
(See angle between two vectors for explanation)

Rmin =P Q when two vectors are in opposite direction.
Q sin
Angle which R makes with P : tan =
P + Q cos
Case 3: When two vectors have equal magnitude
P sin
Angle which R makes with Q : tan = If P = Q, then parallelogram will be a rhombus. We know that
Q + P cos
diagonal of a rhombus is equally inclined to each sides.
Clearly, + =

Therefore, = =
Proof is same as that of triangle law of vector addition. 2 Q R

NOTE: In general, we should use parallelogram /triangle law
for adding two vectors only. For addition of more than two
vectors we should use analytical method.
P
Q.9. Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 units

respectively. What should be the angle between them if the
magnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit, (b) 5 unit and (c) 7 Qs 11. Solve part (a) and (c) of Qs 10 using concept of
unit. maximum and minimum magnitude of two vectors.
0
Q. 10. A vector A makes an angle 20 and B makes an angle
0
110 with the X-axis. The magnitudes of these vectors are 3 m Qs 12. See Qs. 6 once again. Use concept of vectors having
and 4 m respectively. Find the resultant. equal magnitude and find the angle which resultant makes
with each vectors. You may also use shifting of vectors to use
Ans: parallelogram law of vector addition conveniently.
0 0 0
9. (a) 180 (b) 90 (c) 0
0
10. 5m at 73 with X-axis. Qs 13. Let A and B be the two vectors of magnitude 10 unit
0 0
each. If they are inclined to X-axis at angles 30 and 60
respectively, find the resultant.
0
Ans 13: 10 2 + 3 unit at an angle 45 with X-axis
Vector subtraction Dot Product or Scalar Product

( )
A B = A + B A B =| A || B | co s (Dot product)
i.e. vector subtraction is obtained by taking negative of where is the angle between A and B.
another vector and adding it to first vector. Dot product of two vectors gives a scalar quantity.
For example: To subtract B from A, we take negative of
vector B by reversing its direction. Then add A and B by Using definition of dot product we can find the angle
parallelogram law or triangle law. between two vectors.

A B
cos = (Angle between two vectors)
Shortcut: Q | A || B |
Angle between P and Q =
Therefore, angle between P and Q = Projection of a vector:
P

P Q = ( )
P + Q Q
R
= P 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cos ( )
= P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos

P Q= P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos
Q sin B cos is the projection A cos is the projection
Angle which R makes with P : tan = of B onto A of A onto B
P Q cos
A B
Projection of a vector B on A = B cos =
| A|

A B
Qs 14. Let A and B be the two vectors of magnitude 10 unit Projection of a vector A on B = A cos =
0 0
each. They are inclined to X-axis at angles 30 and 60 |B|

respectively. Find the magnitude and direction with positive A B
x-axis of A B. Also show A B graphically. Vector component vector B along A = A
| A|
0
Ans: 10 2 3 unit at an angle 315 with X-axis
A B
Vector component vector A along B = B
|B|
Multiplication of a vector by a scalar Dot product between two same vectors:

Multiplication with a positive scalar m: When a vector is =A A | A ||=A | co 00s A2
multiplied by a positive scalar m, its magnitude becomes (Because, angle between same vectors is zero)

m times and its direction remains unchanged. A2 =A A
Multiplication with a negative scalar m: When a vector is
Properties of scalar products:
multiplied by a negative scalar m, its magnitude becomes
m times and its direction is reversed. A B = B A (Commutative law)

Example: Vector P has magnitude 4m and is directed
( )
A B + C = A B + A C (Distributive law)

towards east. Find (a) 2 P and (b) 0.5 P . A A = A2

P Dot product between two unit vectors:
Solution:
=i i | i ||=
i | co 0s0 1
4 m
2P 0.5P
(Because angle between two same vectors = 0 and | i | = 1)
o
8m 2m i i = j j = k k = 1

Clearly vector 2P has magnitude 8m and is directed towards =
Similarly, i j | i || =
j | cos 900 0

east. Vector 0.5P has magnitude 2 units and directed
i j = j k = k i = 0
towards west.
Dot product of two vectors (when given in unit vector form):
Cross Product or Vector Product
A = a1 i + b1 j + c1 k
A B= a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
B = a2 i + b2 j + c2 k A B =| A || B | sin n
Cross product gives a vector

quantity.
Q. 15. Find the dot product (or scalar product) of given two Here, n is a unit vector

perpendicular to both A & B.
vectors.
Clearly, direction of A B is

along n , i.e., perpendicular to both A & B.
Q 5m
5m Direction of A B is obtained by using Right hand thumb
o
120 rule.

P
Right hand thumb rule:
Also find the projection of (a) P on Q and (b) Q on P. st

Put the fingers of your right-hand along 1 vector (here A ).
st
Qs 16. Let Orient your right hand so you can curl your fingers from 1
nd

a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b =i 2 j 3k . vector A towards the 2 vector B . Your extended thumb

Find a b and angle between a & b . gives the direction of their cross product A B .

Qs 17. A body constrained to move along the z-axis of a Q 18. Vector A is along east and vector B is along south.
coordinate system is subject to a constant force F given by
Find the direction of A B .
( )
F = i + 2 j + 3k N . What is the work done by this force in
Ans: Vertically downward direction. (Use right hand thumb
moving the body a distance of 4 m along the z-axis? Work
rule).
done by constant force is given by formula W= F r where

r is the displacement of the particle. S.I. unit of work done is
J. Cross product between two same vectors:

= A | sin 00 n 0
A A | A ||=
Answers: (Because, angle between same vectors is zero)
Therefore, cross product of two same vectors gives zero
15. P.Q = 12.5 m
2 vector or null vector.
Projection of P on Q = 2.5 m
Projection of Q on P = 2.5 m
Properties of Cross Products:

16. a b = 20 1. A B B A
2. A B = B A
20
Angle between a & b = cos 1 Cross product of two vectors does not follow commutative
406
law. Because direction of A x B is opposite to direction of
B x A using right hand thumb rule.
17. 12 J
3. A B = B A = AB sin

( )
4. A B + C = A B + A C (Distributive law)
Cross product between two same unit vectors:

We know that

A A = 0

i i = j j = k k = 0
Cross product between two perpendicular unit vectors: Application of dot products and cross products

From definition of cross product we know that A B is 1. Perpendicular vectors

perpendicular to both A & B and its direction is obtained by
0
right hand thumb rule. Angle between two perpendicular vectors = 90 . Therefore

So, if we have to find i j , then i j must be perpendicular = B | co s | A || B=
A B | A ||= | co 9 s 0 0 0

to both i and j . Since i lies along +ve x-axis and j lies along Therefore two vectors are perpendicular, if A B = 0
+ve y-axis. Therefore, from right hand thumb rule i j must
lies along +ve z axis. And we know that, k is a unit vector
along +ve z-axis. 2. Parallel vectors
Therefore,
0
= i i | i ||=
j | sin 900 n | i || j | sin 900 k Angle between two parallel vectors = 0 .

A B =
(because n is k here)
0

Therefore two vectors are parallel, if A B =
0
In a similar way,
i =
j k , j =k i, k =i j i Best condition for parallel:
Let us consider two vectors
Also j i = k , k j =i, i k = j.
A = a1 i + b1 j + c1 k & B = a2 i + b2 j + c2 k
k j
They are parallel if

A = mB
where m is a scalar.
Cross product of two vectors (in unit vector form):
a1 b1 c1
or, a= b= c
A = a1 i + b1 j + c1 k & 2 2 2

B = a i + b j + c k
2 2 2
i j k

A B = a1 b1 c1 3. Unit vector perpendicular to two vectors
a2 b2 c2
We know that A B is perpendicular to both A & B .
A =B i ( b1c2 b2 c1 ) j ( a1c2 a2 c1 ) + k ( a1b2 a2 b1 )

Therefore, a unit vector perpendicular to both A & B is

Q. 19. Find the magnitudes and direction of A B
.
A B & B A | A B |

Q 5m
5m Qs. 21. Let

120 o a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = xi + 6 j + 8k .

P Find the value of x if (a) a & b are parallel vectors and (b)
Q. 20. Let
a & b are perpendicular vectors..
a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = 4i + 3 j + 2k .
Q. 22. Let
Find a b .
a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = 4i + 3 j + 2k .

Ans: 19. Find a unit vector perpendicular to both a & b .
25 3
P Q = , direction Answers:
2
21. (a) 4 (b) - 25
25 3
Q P = , direction
2
6i + 12 j 6k
20. 6i + 12 j 6k 22.
216
P a g e | 10 CONCEPT: JB 20, Top Floor, Near Jitendra Cinema, Bokaro Steel City Mb: 7488044834
6. Find the x-component and y-component of given

Exercises
vectors. Represent all vectors in unit vector notation.
Level I
Problems on representation of vectors y
1. Which of the following statements can be true.
Given reasons in support of your answer. 4m

a) AB = AB R
S 3m
300 P
b) AB = |AB| = AB 2m
x

c) AB = 5m
450 300
2m
d) P =5m 2 2m Q
T
e) AB = 5N
2. Some vectors are shown below. Choose correct
statements.
P Q
a) P<Q
y 37 0
b) P<Q 2m x
3m
U 2m
c) P <T

d) Q= R= 3m R
7. Draw given vectors. Find x-component, y-
e) Q= S= 3m
3m S component, magnitude and direction (i.e., angle with
f) = T= 3m
Q positive x-axis) of each vectors.
3m

g) Q =T =3m a) 2i + 2 j

h) Q =T =3m T b) 3i + 3 3 j

i) Q= T= R= S c) 3i 3 j
3m
j) R < P d) 3i

3. A vector P is along east and has magnitude 5 units. e) 3 3 j

Find the magnitude and direction of P . Draw both
vectors. Problems on vector addition and subtraction
4. Find the angle between two vectors in all three 8. Find the vector sum of given vectors in (a) and (b)
cases: using graphical and analytical method.
2m 2m
P P 4m
P Q
300 300 1200

Q (c)
(a) (c )
(b) 2m 2m
4m
Problems on unit vector notation
5. Represent following vectors in unit vector notation:
(d)
y
P

S 9. Find P + Q R . Draw P + Q R
2m 2m
Q
x
2m Q

R P
U S
z 1m
3m

10. Let a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b =i 2 j 3k . Find 18. Let

a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b =i 2 j 3k .
d) r= a + b and r
Find a b and angle between a & b .
e) s= a b and s
19. A body constrained to move along the z-axis of a
f) t= b a and t
coordinate system is subject to a constant force F

( )
11. Find the vector sum of given vectors.
given by F = i + 2 j + 3k N . What is the work done
y
by this force in moving the body a distance of 4 m
30o along the z-axis? Work done by constant force is
C D
15 m given by formula W= F r where r is the
15 m displacement of the particle. S.I. unit of work done is
J.
x
20. Find the magnitudes and direction of

12 m A A B & B A
30o 20 m
5m
Q 5m
B o
120
12. Find out the magnitude of resultant of P and Q and also
find the angle which resultant makes with P. Also draw 21. Let P

the resultant. a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = 4i + 3 j + 2k .

Q Find a b . Also prove that a b is perpendicular to
5m
both a & b .
o
P 120 22. Let

5m a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = xi + 6 j + 8k .

13. An automobile travels due east on a level road for 30 m. It Find the value of x if (a) a & b are parallel vectors
then turns north at an intersection and travels 40 m before
and (b) a & b are perpendicular vectors.
stopping. Find the resultant displacement of the car. 23. Let
14. Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 units
a = 2i + 3 j + 4k and b = 4i + 3 j + 2k .
respectively. What should be the angle between
them if the magnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit, Find a unit vector perpendicular to both a & b .

(b) 5 unit and (c) 7 unit. 24. Obtain the angle between a + b and a b if

15. A vector A makes an angle 200 and B makes an a= 2i + 3 j and b = i 2 j .
angle 1100 with the X-axis. The magnitudes of these
25. Find the unit vector parallel to a + b if a =3i 4 j + 5k
vectors are 3 m and 4 m respectively. Find the
resultant. and b = 2i + 3 j 4k .
16. Let A and B be the two vectors of magnitude 10 unit 26. Find the value of a and b if 2i + 3 j 4k and
each. If they are inclined to X-axis at angles 300 and
3i a j + bk are parallel.
600 respectively, find the resultant.
27. Find the angle between two vectors A = 2i + j k and
Problems on dot product and cross product
B = i k .
17. Find the dot product of given two vectors
28. Prove that the vectors A = 2i 3 j + k and B =i + j + k are
mutually perpendicular.

5m
Q 5m 29. Find a unit vector perpendicular to A = 2i + 3 j + k and

120 o B = i j + k both.

P 30. Show that the vector A = i j + 2k is parallel to a vector
Also find the projection of (a) P on Q and (b) Q on
B = 3i 3 j + 6k .
P.
Level II
18. Let a b = b c = c a. and If c is a vector such that
4

( )
1. Establish the following results
a) |a + b| < |a| + |b| a.c= c , c a= 2 2 and the angle between a b
b) |a + b| > ||a| |b||
c) |a b| < |a| + |b|
and c is 30o, then ( ab c = )

d) |a b| > ||a| |b||
2. Prove by vector method that in a triangle ABC (
19. If a = i + j + k ) , a.b = 1 and a b = j k , then b
a b c is
= =
sin A sin B sin C 20. Let the vectors PQ, QR, RS , ST , TU and UP
3. Find the components of vector 2i + 2 3 j along i + j represent the sides of a regular hexagon.

and along i + j .

Statement I: PQ RS + ST 0.( )
4. If vector A and B respectively be equal to 3i 4 j + 5k
Because

and B = 2i + 3 j 4k . Find the unit vector parallel to Statement II: PQ RS =
0 and PQ ST 0

A + B. (a) Statement I is True, Statement II is True;

5. Vector A is along north and B is along vertically east. Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement
I
Find the direction of A B and ( A B).
(b) Statement I is True, Statement II is True;
6. If R= P + Q and R= P= Q then find the angle Statement II is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement I
between P & Q .
(c) Statement I is True, Statement II is False
7. If R= P + Q and R= P + Q then find the angle (d) Statement I is False, Statement II is True

between P & Q . 21. Let a, b, c be unit vectors such that a + b + c =0.
Which one of the following is correct?
8. If R= P + Q and P 2 + Q 2 = R 2 then find the angle
(a) a b = b c = c a = 0
between P & Q .
(b) a b = b c = c a 0
9. At what angle three forces of equal magnitude may
act so that their resultant is zero. (c) a b = b c = a c = 0

10. A vector P is directed along x-axis. Find its (d) a b, = b c, = c a are mutually perpendicular
component along y-axis. 22. A particle starts from point A. Position vector of A is

11. If P + Q = P Q then find the angle between P & Q . i + 2 j. It moves first horizontally away from origin by 5
units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to
12. Can the resultant of three unequal forces be zero?
reach a point B. From B particle moves 2 units in the
Can the resultant of 4N, 5N and 10 N can be zero?

What about 4N, 6N and 8N. direction of i + j and then it moves through an angle
2
13. Can the resultant of two unequal forces be zero? Can in anticlockwise direction on a circle with centre at origin,
the resultant of 10 N and 6N can be equal to (a) 0, to reach a point C. The position vector of C is given by
(b) 4N, (c) 16N, (d) 8N and (e) 20N? (a) 6i + 7 j
14. The maximum and minimum magnitudes of (b) 7i + 6 j
resultant of two forces are respectively 16 N and
(c) 7i + 6 j
4N, find the magnitudes of individual forces.

15. Is it possible M= M M ? (d) 6i + 7 j
23. A plane mirror is kept along x-axis as shown in figure.
16. If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + 2b and
Incident ray falls along 2i 3 j. Find a unit vector along
5a 4b are perpendicular to each other then find the
reflected ray.
angle between a and b .
24. If a and b be two perpendicular unit vector such that
17. Let the vectors a, b, c and d be such that (a b) (c
d) = 0. Let P1 and P2 be planes determined by the pairs of ( )
x = b a x , then x is equal to
vectors a, b and c, d respectively, then find the angle 1
between P1 and P2 . (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 3
2

25. If a= x 2 i + ( x 1) j k and b = i + ( x + 1) j + xk
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make an obtuse angle with each other for every value of x
> 1, then
For XIth moving students
(a) > 1 (b) < 1 (c) < 2 (d) 1 < < 2 Physics & Mathematics
26. If A, B, C and D are four points in space, then By Pranjal Sir

AB CD + BC AD + CA BD = k . (area of ABC), (B. Tech., I.I.T. Kharagpur)
where k is equal to
27. Let the points A, B, C with position vectors Weekend Batch from 7th July
3i + k , i + 4 j + k ,5i + 2 j + 3k respectively. Area of the
ABC is 2nd Regular Batch from 2nd July
(a) 24 sq. units
(b) 4 6 sq. units Fee structure
(c) 8 6 sq. units
(d) none of these. (Board + JEE Main + JEE Advanced) Batch:
28. Position vectors of points P, Q, R and S are Rs. 15000
(Board + JEE Main) Batch:
{ }{
i, (1 + 2)i + 2 j , (1 + 2)i 2 j and i } Rs. 13000
respectively. y Board Level Batch:
Rs. 10000
Q Weekend Batch:
Rs. 10000
Concession in Fee for economically weak
S students.
x
P O
Mb: 9798007577
R
Email: pkbharti.iit@gmail.com
is the angle between PQ & PS. Then, the shaded region is
represented by Website: www.vidyadrishti.org

(a) ( x + 1)i + j > 2, tan < Address: Concept, JB 20, Top Floor, Near Jitendra
4
Cinema, Sector 4, Bokaro Steel City
(b) ( x + 1)i + j < 2, tan <
2

(c) ( x 1)i + j > 2, tan >
4

(d) ( x 1)i + j < 2, tan >
2

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VECTORS Author: Pranjal K. Bharti (B. Tech., IIT Kharagpur) www.vidyadrishti.

Target IIT-JEE 2016

2007 Pranjal K. Bharti

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Note: A is tail and B is SOLUTION:

Unit Vector Unit Vectors along coordinate axes:

Perpendicular and coming out

Q. Which of the followings are right handed coordinate

NOTE: These tricks should always be kept in your mind.

Magnitude and direction of vector (when given in unit vector

Angle with positive x axis: y 1st quadrant y

Qs 5. Find the vector sum of given vectors in (a) and (b)

Now using Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle

R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) + 2 PQ cos

(b) Again, in right angled triangle ACM

a) |a + b| < |a| + |b|

Draw a perpendicular CM on AB. Clearly

(See angle between two vectors for explanation)

Q.9. Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 units

Vector subtraction Dot Product or Scalar Product

Cross product gives a vector

Cross product between two same unit vectors:

6. Find the x-component and y-component of given

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