GatewayB2+TestsAandBAudioscript

GATEWAYB2+TESTSFINALAUDIOSCRIPT
Unit1Listeningexercise8

Youaregoingtohearaninterviewwithasocialite.Choosethecorrectalternative,a,borc,to
answerthequestions.

Interviewer: WewelcometoourshowtodayNicolaRichardson,Londonsmostfamous
socialite.WelcomeNicola!
Nicola: Thankyouforinvitingmehere.
Interviewer: So,wehaveinvitedyouheretodaysoyoucantellusabitaboutthecolumnthat
youaregoingtobewritingforLondon:nightanddaymagazine.Itsaweekly
columnisntit?
Nicola: Yesthatiscorrect.Well,Iwillbeguidingbuddingyoungsocialitestoafew
exclusivevenuesthroughoutthecapitalandsuggestingpotentialeateriesandhip
andtrendynightspots.
Interviewer: Thatsoundslikeatoughjob!
Nicola: Itsdefinitelytheperfectjobforme!IloveentertainingandIparticularlyenjoy
beingentertainedinfancyrestaurants.MyfriendsandIarealwayspresentatthe
openingsofnewrestaurants.Itsourlivelihood!
Interviewer: Mynextquestiontoyouhastobe,howdoyoustayslimwhenyouspendmost
dayseatingout?
Nicola: Itsnotjustmostdaysbuteveryday!IcantactuallyrememberthelasttimeIate
athome.Infact,IdontevenknowifIownanycutleryorcrockery!Gettingback
toyourquestions...WhenImeatingout,Imquitesensible.Ioftenoptforthe
lighteroptions,forexample,saladsorsoupsandItrynottoeatanybreadorpasta
thatwoulddefinitelynotbeagoodidea.Ineedtofitintomyskinnyjeans!
Interviewer: Youmentionedyouloveentertaininghowisthispossibleifyoudontknowyour
wayaroundyourownkitchen?
Nicola: Easy.Iemploycaterersforallofmydinnerparties.Theyarebrilliant.Theyarrive
thedaybeforetheparty,theybringtheirownequipment,theycookthefood,
theyserveitandtheyevencleanupafterwards!Whatmorecouldyouaskfor?!
Interviewer: Soundsperfect!SocanwehaveaninsightintothelifeofNicolaRichardson
couldyoudescribeatypicaldayinyourlife?
Nicola: Yesofcourse.Well,Ioftengetuparoundten.Igotothegym,checkmyemails
andthenmyhairdresserarrives.ShedoesmyhairandthenIleavethehouseina
taxi.Everyday,Imeetadifferentfriendorfriendsforlunch.Then,Igoshopping
totryandfindasuitableoutfitfortheevening.Sometimesitsnotpossiblebut
therearesomelovelyboutiqueshopsnearBondStreet.Yousee,Itrynottowear
thesameclothesmorethantwice.Inmycircle,thisishowitis.Ithengohome,
getchangedandifIhavetime,IhavealittlenapandifnotIgostraightoutagain.
Imusuallyoutmeetingfriendsataroundeightpm.Theeveningtimetableiseasy.
Wehavedinnerinsomeswankyrestaurantoratsomeoneshouse.Iusuallydont
getbackhomeuntilafteroneoclock.
Interviewer: Suchabusylifeyoulead.Idontknowhowyoukeepup.Unfortunately,ladies
andgentleman,thatsallwehavetimefor.Ifyouwantmoreinformationabout
thebestplacestodineandpartythenightawaythenyoucanconsultNicolas
columninLondon:nightanddaymagazinewhichwillbecomingoutonMonday
nextweek.

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Unit2ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearthreespeakerstalkingabouttheirdrivingtestexperiences.Matcheach
speaker1,2or3withthebestanswerAEfromeachlist.Therearetwoanswersineachlistyou
donotneed.

Speaker1

Ontheactualday,Iwassonervous.Yousee,IhadntlivedintheUKlongandsodrivingontheleft
sidewasrelativelynewtome.EventhoughIhadadrivinglicenceinmyowncountry,forsome
reasonitwasntvalidhereandsoIwasforcedtotakemytestagain.Wasteoftimeandmoney!
Anyway,justasIgottothetestcentre,itstartedtosnow.Imnottalkingsmallsnowflakesfalling
outoftheskybutafullflurryofsnow.Somuchthatitsettledontheground.AsIsatinthewaiting
room,soIgotmoreanxious.Ihadneverdriveninthesnowbefore!Amixtureofexcitementand
anxietytookoverasIwatchedinamazementthesnowfallingonthepavement.Luckily,afterhalf
anhour,theexaminerannouncedthatallofthetestshadbeencancelledandthatwewouldhaveto
rebookforthefollowingmonth.Onemonthlater,Iwasbackinthesamechairandaspredicted,I
passedthetest.

Speaker2

Irememberthedayperfectlywell.Ihadjustturned17anditwasaThursdaymorning.AsIwasthe
youngestinmyyearatschool,Iwasthelastonetolearntodrive.Gettingmylicencewasreally
importanttome.Allofmyfriendswereshowingoffwiththeirnewcarsandboastingabouthow
independenttheywere.Iwassojealousofthem.

Irememberpullingoutofthetestcentreandoutontotheroad.Thatswhenitallwenthorribly
wrong.Weapproachedasetoftrafficlightsandtheexamineraskedmetoturnright.Icheckedmy
mirror,signalledmyintentiontomanoeuvreandthenseeingthetrafficlightongreen,startedto
turn.Atthatmoment,theexaminershriekedandslammedontheemergencybrake.Ididntknow
whatwasgoingon.Ipanicked,thecarstalledandimmediatelycametoahalt.Wesatstillinthe
middleoftheroadwithtrafficpilingupbehindus.Theexaminerlookedatmehorrified.He
explainedthatthetrafficlightwasgreenforthosegoingstraightonbutnotforthoseturningright.
Wehadnearlycrashedintotheoncomingtraffic!AnimmediatefailandIhadonlybeeninthecar
twominutes!

Speaker3

Idbeentakinglessonsforeightmonths,soplentyoftime,whenIdecidedIwaswillingandreadyto
takemytest.Iappliedforatestdateandcanyoubelieveit,Iwasgiventheverynextday.There
hadbeenacancellationandtheyaskedifIwouldbewillingtotaketheslot.AtfirstIsaidnobut
thenIchangedmymind.Twentyhourslater,Iwassittinginthewaitingroom,waitingforthe
examinertocallmynameandstartthemostexcitingexperienceofmylife.IthoughtIwouldfeel
nervousbuttheadrenalinehadtheoppositeeffectonme.

IhaveavaguememoryofthetestandthethingsIwasinstructedtodo.Irememberthethreepoint
turnandreverseparallelparking.Butforthelifeofme,Icantrecallwhichroadswewentdownor
whattheinstructorlookedlike.Ido,however,haveaperfectrecollectionofthemomentIstopped
thecarandtheinstructorinformedmethatIhadpassedmytest.Icriedtearsofjoy!

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Unit3ListeningExercise7

YouaregoingtoheararesearcherexplainhowshebelievestheInternetisaffectingourminds.
Completesentences1to5.Usenomorethanthreewordsand/oranumber.

Intodayssociety,moreandmorepeoplearemembersofsocialnetworkingsites.Thesesites
enableapersontomakeasmanyonscreenfriendshipsastheylike.Infact,mydaughterknows
peoplethathavemorethanonethousandonlinefriends.However,oftenduringtheirapparent
friendships,thoseinvolveddonotactuallymeetfacetoface.Interactionispurelyviachatrooms,
textsoremailstheyremaincompletelyvirtualtoeachother.Withthemajorityofsocial
networkingsitesthesedays,peoplehavetheabilitytouploadpictures,commentontheirfriends
picturesorstatusandtheyhaveaccesstotheirsupposedfriendspersonalinformation.Buthowdo
theyouthoftodaycopewithsomanyfriends?Howdotheymaintainfriendshipswithsomany
people?

Ithinkthisiseasytoanswer.Tome,forexample,afriendissomeoneyoutalktoonthephone,call
upatanytimeofthedayornightifyouhaveaproblem,meetforacoffeeorjustsimplyinviteround
fordinner.Totheyoungergeneration,afriendissomeoneyoucankeepuptodatewithonthe
internetsimplybyviewingtheirstatusorflickingthroughtheirlatestpictures.Withmyfriends,I
knoweverythingaboutthem,asIhavespentalotoftimeandpatiencebuildingandmaintaininga
relationshipwiththem.Withtodaysyoungpeople,friendshipsseemtobeformedwithpeoplethey
barelyknoworhavetalkedto,forexample,mydaughterwastellingmeyoucanbefriendswitha
personyousayhellotoatapartyorafriendofafriendwhoyouthinklooksquitenice.The
conceptofwhatconstitutesafriendhasundeniablychanged,causedinpartbytheinternet.

Thedurationoffriendshipshasalsochanged.Frommypointofview,afriendisforlifeandalthough
youhavebadtimestogetherandattimesargue,youmakeitthroughtotheothersidewith
perseverance.Afriendshipisjustlikeamarriage;itneedswork.Unfortunately,theyounger
generationdontsharethisviewpoint.Tothem,afriendshipwouldneverlastyears,asthatwould
bewaytooboring.Childrentodayhavefriendshipsthatlastweeksorifyourelucky,months!
Theyareextremelyselfcentred.Lifeitwouldappearhastorevolvearoundwhattheywantand
whattheyhavetheenergyfor.Say,afriendisinneedandtheycantbebotheredbecause
somethingbetterisgoingon,thentheycanjusteliminatethemfromtheirlistofhundredsof
friendsorsimplyignoretheircryforhelp.So,everyonewantstoknowthereasonsforthese
drasticchanges.

Unfortunately,theinternetisadirectculprit.Ithasbeenprovenbyscientiststhattheyounger
generationnowhasashorterconcentrationspan.Theyhaveeverythingavailabletothematthe
touchofabutton.Iftheygetboredwithagameorwebsite,theymoveontosomethingelseand,
unfortunately,thisisthesamementalitytheyhavetowardsfriendships.Thisapparentlackofability
toconcentrateononethingformorethanafewminutesmeansthattheydontmaketheeffortto
understandeachother.Theirmindshavenothadthechancetodevelopliketheoldergeneration
who,whengrowingup,hadmoretimetobuildfriendshipsandtimetovalueothers.

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Unit4ListeningExercise8

YouaregoingtohearaninterviewwithaBritishscientist.Complete15inthefactsheetbelow.
Usenomorethanthreewordsineachgap.

RadioBroadcaster: WewillnowbespeakingtoDoctorWilkinson,whoworksforafamous
researchlaboratoryinLondon.Hebelievesheisonthebrinkofadiscovery.
DoctorWilkinson,goodmorning!

Dr.Wilkinson: Goodmorningeveryone!Canyouhearmeok?Iminthecar.

RadioBroadcaster: Yes,wecanhearyouperfectlywell.DoctorWilkinson,ithasbeenrumoured
thatyouareworkingonsomethingthatcouldpotentiallysavelives.

Dr.Wilkinson: Well,wehopeso.MycolleaguesandIaretryingtodeviseapillwhich
protectshumanskinandeyesfromtheharmfuleffectsofthesun.A
sunscreenforhumans,butinpillform.Oncethepillisontheshelvesandin
use,wepredictareductioninthenumberofindividualssufferingfromthe
devastatingeffectsofthesun.

RadioBroadcaster: Howisthisevenpossible?

Dr.Wilkinson: Forthelastfiveyears,myteamofresearchersandIhavebeenexaminingthe
wayinwhichcoral,whichcanbefoundinouroceans,protectsitselffrom
ultravioletrays.Basicallywehaveobservedthatthealgaewhichcanbefound
livingonthecoralsomehowpassesacompoundtothecoralwhichthecoral
thenmodifies.Thismodifiedcompoundisthenusedasanaturalsunscreen
andprotectsboththecoralandthealgaefromthesunsdamagingrays.At
themoment,weareintheprocessoftryingtodeterminewhatthiscompound
is.Oncewehavedonethis,webelievethatwewillbeabletocreateanatural
sunscreeninourownlaboratoriesforhumanstotakeinpillform.

RadioBroadcaster: Whatisthenextstageintheprocess?

Dr.Wilkinson: Assoonaswehavediscoveredthecompound,wewillbegintesting.Fromour
prognosis,webelievethiswillbewithinthenext24months.Testswillnotbe
carriedoutonhumans,asthiswouldbetoodangerous.Theywillbe
performedonskinsampleswhichwillbegiventousbycosmeticsurgeons.
Duringthetestingprocess,wewillmeasurethequantityofthecompound
needed,theresultsand,ofcourse,wewillmonitoranypossiblesideaffects.
Wearehopingthatthispillwillbeavailabletocustomersinthenextfive
years.

RadioBroadcaster: Doesthismeantheendofdaysatthebeachapplyingendlesssuntancream?

Dr.Wilkinson: Wellyousaythat,buttheanswerisno,asthepillwillonlybeavailableby
prescriptionandDoctorswillonlyprescribethedrugtothosewhoareprone
toburnorthosewithskinconditions.

RadioBroadcaster: So,itwontbesoldoverthecounter?

Dr.Wilkinson: No,Idontseethathappening.

RadioBroadcaster: OncethepillhasbeenreleasedintheUK,willyourresearchbeover?

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Dr.Wilkinson: No,infactwearelookingtofurtherourresearch.Afterwehaveconcluded
thisexperiment,wewouldliketocontinueresearchinginthesamefield.At
present,farmersintropicalcountriesareunabletogrowcertaincropslike
potatoesandwheatduetothedailyhighexposuretoUVrays,inotherwords,
sunlight.Wewouldliketoseeifaddingtheextragenefromthecoraltothe
plantcanchangethesituation.Ineffect,wewouldliketoseeifbyaddinga
sunscreentoplantstheyareabletogrowinconditionswherenormallyitis
impossible.Ifwearesuccessful,thiscouldmeanthatdevelopingworld
economiescangainaccesstonutrientrichfoodsourcesallyearlong.

RadioBroadcaster: Thiswouldcertainlychangealotofpeopleslives.Wewishyouandyour
teamthebestofluck!

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Unit5ListeningExercise8

YouaregoingtohearaninterviewbetweenanewsreporterandalocalMP.Complete15inthe
summarybelow.Usenomorethanthreewordsineachgap.

Reporter: IntheUS,manystatesenforcecurfewsonchildrenundertheageof16.Whatisthe
currentsituationhereintheUK?

MP: Atpresent,curfewscanbeappliedtochildrenuptotheageof15bylocal
authoritiesorpoliceorganisations.

Reporter: Whatistheprocesslocalauthoritieshavetogothroughinordertoinitiatea
curfew?

MP: Firstofall,alocalauthorityhastoapplyforaspecificcurfew.Ontheapplication
form,theauthorityhastoidentifythedefinedgeographicareawheretheyrequire
thecurfew,forexample,thetowncentre,localparks,etc.Theyalsoneedtostate
thecurfewtimeperiod.Forexample,intheUSalotofstatesapplytheircurfew
betweenthehoursof9pmand6aminwinterandthenfrom11pmuntil6amin
summer.IntheUK,thecurfewcanbeappliedforupto90daysatatime.Ifthe
authoritythenseesthatitishavingthedesiredeffect,theycanreapplyforanother
90days.

Reporter: ArecurfewsapopularphenomenonhereintheUK?

MP: Sincetheirintroductionin1998,unfortunatelynocurfewshavebeenrequested.

Reporter: Isee.Sowhywouldlocalauthoritiesbeinterestedinenforcingsuchacampaign?

MP: Therearenumerousbenefitstoteenagecurfews.Firstly,youthcrimecampaigners
believethatbyenforcingthemlocalauthoritieswillreducetheamountofchild
disorder,crimeandantisocialbehaviour.Thereisalsotheviewthatbypreventing
childrenundertheageof15beingonthestreetsduringthehoursofdarkness,we
areprotectingthemfrompossibledanger.

Reporter: ThesearedefinitelytwoadvantagestothesystembutIcanalsoseehowchildren
couldfeelthattheyarebeingpunishedforthebadbehaviourofperhapsaminority
ofthepopulation.

MP: Thishasbeenpointedoutbeforebutaspreviouslymentionedwearealsotryingto
protectthechildrenfrompossibledanger.

Reporter: Afewyearsago,policeauthoritiesdeployedanincreasednumberofpoliceofficers
tothestreetswithaviewtodecreasingstreetcrime.Couldthisbeareasonwhy
fewerauthoritieshavefelttheneedtoapplyforateenagecurfew?

MP: Thiscoulddefinitelybeareason.Thestreetsarebecomingasaferplaceand
hopefullyinthefuturecurfewswillnotevenneedtobeconsidered.

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Unit6ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearthreepeopletalkingabouttheirunusualhomes.ChoosefromSpeaker1,2
or3toanswerquestionsAE.

Speaker1

MyhusbandandIliveinahomethatwedesignedourselves.Disillusionedbyreadingaboutthe
negativeeffectsofheatingsystemsandelectricgoodsontheenvironment,wedecidedtoreduce
ourcarbonfootprint.Ourfriendsthinkthatwhatwehavedonetoourhouseiscrazy,butwefeel
moreenvironmentallyfriendlyandproudofthewaywelive.Tostartwith,weremovedourcentral
heatingsystemandreplacedourgasandelectricitysystemwithawindpoweredone.Myhusband
installedatenfoottallwindturbineinthegarden,whichgivesourhouseenergytopowerour
electricgoodsandourwaterboiler.

Toensurethatourhousewasproperlyinsulated,wereinsulatedtheloftwithnaturalfibresand
replacedsomeofthewindows.Aswehaveasubstantiallylargegarden,wedecidedtodigitupand
createourownmarketgarden.Everyyear,wegrowfreshfruitandvegetables.Thetasteissomuch
better,evenifIdosaysomyself.Althoughweregenerallysatisfiedwithwherewelive,Icansay
thatitdoesgetalittlechillyinthehouseoncoldwinterdays!Jumpershavetobeworn!

Speaker2

IgotsofedupwithrisinghousepricesthatIdecidedtothinkofotheroptions.Iwasbrowsingthe
SundaypaperswhenIcameacrossanadvertinthejobsectionofthepaperthatstateditwas
lookingforahouseboatsitter.Theadvertmentionedthatthechosenonewouldliveona
luxuriousboat,rentfree.Iphonedandwenttomeettheowner.Wegotonlikeahouseonfireand
heofferedmethejobthenandthere.Thejobwastoliveonhishouseboat,whichwasmooredup
atSt.CatherinesDock,andtolettheownerknowiftherewereanyproblems.

Atthetime,Ithoughtitwastoogoodtobetrue,butIvebeenherefortwoyearsnowandIloveit.
Therearetwodoublebedrooms,ashowerandasmallkitchenettearea.Myfriendsabsolutelylove
comingtovisitme,especiallyinsummer.Theonlydownsideiswhenthereareextremeweather
conditions.Thesoundoftheraincanbedeafeningandthewavescanmakemefeelalittleseasick.
Butthatsaid,IthinkImtheluckiestpersoninLondon!

Speaker3

WhenDanandIdiscoveredthatthelocalwindmillwasgoingonsale,ourinterestwasimmediately
aroused.Wearrangedaviewing,andonceinsidefoundourselvesinaplacefullofcharmand
character.Wehadbeenhuntingforoverayearandhadneverfoundtherighthousebecauseofour
longlistofrequirements.Butitseemedtotickalloftheboxes.Ithadplentyoflightinside,itwas
quirkyandithadalotofspace.Thewindmillneededsomereconstructionandrestoration,butDan
wasnotafraidofhardwork.Wewantedthewindmilltocontainsomemodernfeatureslikeheating
andelectricitybutalsoforittokeepitsnaturalcharm.

Wemovedintothewindmilleighteenmonthsafterbuyingit.Welovelivinghere.Oneofour
favouritethingsistheviews.Eachwindowoffersaslightlydifferentperspective.Thelargestroom
isonthegroundfloor,andtheneachfloorupgetsprogressivelysmaller.Westoppedgoingtothe
gymbecausewefoundthatwedoenoughexerciserunningupanddowntheflightsofstairs!The
onlydownsideoflivinghereisthatthestonefromtheoriginalwallsisalwayscrumblingoffandI
findmyselfforeversweepingitup.

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Unit7ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearatalkabouthowconsumerscanhelptheenvironment.Completesentences
16.Usenomorethanthreewordsineachgap.

ItsmynephewJacksthirdbirthday.Thefamilyandahandfulofhisfriendsfromnurseryschoolare
sittingaroundthekitchentablewatchinghimunwrapthemountainofbirthdaypresentshehaslaid
outinfrontofhim.Soonthetableandthefloorarecoveredinwrappingpaper,plasticboxes,
cellophaneandpolystyrene.Butwhereisallthispackaginggoingtoendup?Thatisagood
question.Generally,atbirthdaypartiesandcelebrations,theconceptofrecyclingisusually
forgotten,aspeoplearetoobusyhavingfunandareworriedaboutentertainingpeopleand
ensuringeveryonehasenoughtoeatanddrink.Imheretodaytotalktoyouabouttheimportance
ofrecyclingandtogiveyouinformationaboutsomeofthepotentialalternatives.Mytalktodaywill
bedividedintotwoparts.Firstofall,Imgoingtogiveyousomeofthefactssurroundingthecurrent
recyclingsituationintheUK.Then,Imgoingtogiveyousomeinformationabouthowwecan
improvethecurrentstateofaffairs.

Todate,therubbishweputintoourstandardrubbishbinsendsupatlandfillsites.Landfillsitesare
whatwehumansuseasourdumpinggrounds.Theyarehugeholesinthegroundwherewebury
ourrubbish,coveritoverandthenforgetaboutit.Ithasbeenestimated,however,thatinthenear
future,theUKisgoingtorunoutoftheseareasandwewillnothaveanywheretodisposeofour
refuse.Sothen,whatarewegoingtodo?Bythen,thequestionis:willwebeabletorecycle
everything?Thatstheproblem,therearestillnumerousproductswhichcannotberecycled.
Nowadays,UKcitizensandcompaniescollectivelyonlyrecycleapproximately40%oftheirgoods.
Thatslessthanhalf.Anditisbelievedthatofthisfigure,arelativelysmallproportion,
approximately45%,isinrealityrejectedbytherecyclingplantbecauseithasbeenplacedinthe
wrongrecyclingcontainer.So,whatcanwedotoimprovethecurrentsituation?

Ibelieveweneedtotacklethesituationfromtwoperspectives.Firstly,weneedtoeducatepeople,
andsecondlyweneedcompaniestobecomemoreecofriendly.Regardingthefirstpoint,thatof
educatingpeople,thefirststepistomakeconsumersawareofwhathappensiftheydontrecycle.
Thiscouldbedonebyshowingconsumersaseriesofshockingpictures.Theycouldthenbe
educatedonthe3Rsoftheenvironment,whichare(1)reduce,(2)reuse,(3)recycle.Clothes,toys
andmechanicalgoodscanbehandeddowntofamilymembersorfriendsofthefamilysothatthey
canreusethem.Ithasbeensaidyourjunkcanbesomeoneelsestreasure,sowhythrowthings
away?Peoplearesometimesembarrassedaboutdoingthisbutifwedont,ourworldisgoingtobe
overcrowdedwithconsumergoods.Perhapshavinglearnedalittlemoreabouttheenvironment,
peoplewillbemoreconsciousoftheiractions.

Withregardtocompanies,thegovernmentcouldensurethattheyreducetheircommercialwaste
byreducingtheamountofpackagingtheyuseonproducts.Frequently,packagingisexcessive.
Childrenstoysareusuallytheworst.Andmoreoftenthannot,thepackagingusedisnotrecyclable.
Companiesshouldbeforcedtousemoreecofriendlypackagingandlessofit.

TodayIvementionedjustafewsimplethingsthatcanbedonetohelpthecurrentsituation.There
are,ofcourse,many,manymorethings.Formoreinformation,pleasevisitmywebsite.

Thankyouforlistening.

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Unit8ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearaninterviewwitharetiredaccountant.Complete15inthesummary
below.Usenomorethanthreewordsforeachgap.

I: David,welcometoourshowtoday.Youweretheluckywinnerofourcompetition.
Congratulations!

D: Thankyou.

I: Weliterallyhadthousandsofcompetitionentrantstothehowdoyouliveyourlifetothe
max?competitionbutitwasyourstorythatcaughtoureyeandhadthemostimpact.Lets
seewhy.So,lookingatyourbackgroundandhistory,wecanseethatyoure61yearsold,
havethreechildrenandusedtobeacharteredaccountant.

D: Yes,thatscorrect.

I: Alotoflistenersarealreadystartingtothinkthisallseemsprettydullbutitallstartstoget
interestingtheyearyouretired.Tellusabitaboutwhathappened.

D: Mywifeandfamilyhadbeenbeggingmeforyearstotakeearlyretirement.Iwasatastage
whereIwasworking60hourweeksandIwasspendinghardlyanytimewithmyfamilyor
friends.Iwascompletelyabsorbedbywork.Buttheideaofearlyretirementfrightenedme.I
hadplentyofmoneyinthebankbutthethoughtofhavingsomanyhoursfreeeachweekto
dowhateverIwantedwasunthinkable.

I: Whatchangedthings?

D: OneSaturdaynight,my18yearoldsonbroughthomeaDVDforthefamilytowatch.Itwas
calledTheBucketListandwell,thefilmstoppedmeinmytracksandcompletelyopenedmy
eyestolife,mylife.IwasntgettinganyyoungerandwhenIthoughtaboutit,Ihadstopped
enjoyinglife.Iguess,inthebackofmymindIthoughtthatlifewouldalwaysbethereandthat
everythingwouldbeok.But,thatsnothowitworks.Peoplegetill,familymemberspass
awayinunforeseeablecircumstancesandpeopletakelifeforgranted.Thatveryday,Iwrote
myownbucketlist.

I: ForthosethathaventseenthefilmandwhoareunawareofwhatDaveistalkingabout,a
bucketlistisalistcompiledofthingsapersonaspirestodobeforetheykickthebucket.A
euphemismforpassawayordie.So,whathappenednext?

D: Afterseeingthefilm,IhandedinmynoticeandIstartedtoworkmywaydownmylist.The
firstthingIdidwastakemyfamilytoSouthAfrica.IhadalwayswantedtogoonasafariandI
havetosay,theexperiencewasmindblowing.Wegotupclosetoelephants,tigersand
zebras.Afterthat,Ilearnedhowtoflyaplane.ThatswhenIreallystartedtoseelifefroma
differentperspective.Then,mywifeandIwentonathreemonthtriparoundSouthAmerica.
WehikedintheAmazonrainforest,wenttotheRiocarnivalandspentaweekinBuenosAires.
Iwasfulfillingmydreams.

I: Itsoundsamazing,sowhatelsedoyouhavelefttodoonthismagicallist?

D: Ivegotithere,letstakealook.ImnotsureIllbeabletogetthroughallofthesethings,but
Imgoingtotry.Thenext5thingsIwanttotryanddoare:swimwithdolphins,snorkelinthe
GreatBarrierReef,travelontheOrientExpress,learnhowtospeakJapaneseandraftthrough
theGrandCanyon.

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I: Itallsoundsamazing.Goodluckcompletingyourlist.Well,doyouhaveanyadviceforour
listenersoutthere?

D: YesIdo!Donttakelifetooseriously,makeabucketlistfromayoungageandenjoyworking
yourwaythrougheachpoint.

I: Thanks,Dave.Andtoallourlistenersoutthere,getwriting!

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Unit9ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearfourspeakerstalkingaboutnewchallengesatwork.Matcheachspeaker,1,
2,3,or4withthebestanswerAFfromeachlist.Therearetwoanswersineachlistyoudonot
need.

Speaker1

Fourweeksago,mybossrequestedanimpromptumeetingwithhiminhisoffice.Ihadnoidea
whathewasgoingtosay.HeaskedmeifIwasseriousaboutmyjob.Asillyquestion,Ithought.I
hadworkedwiththecompanyforover3yearsandhadalwaysshowndedication.Iansweredyes
andhethenwentontoexplainwhyhehadaskedthequestion.Apparently,therewasgoingtobe
anopeningforaSeniorAccountantinthenext6monthsinourheadofficeinGermany.Hesaidthat
IwouldbeconsideredforthepromotionifItookupGermanimmediately.Thejobwouldmean
beingrelocatedtoGermanybutIhavealwayswantedtoliveabroadforpartofmylife.So,Ivebeen
learningGermanforthreeweeksnow,andImustsaythatdespitestudyinggrammarandvocabulary
forthreehoursaday,Imactuallyenjoyingit.

Speaker2

IworkasaSeniorPersonalAssistantatacompanythatsellssoftdrinkstomostEuropeancountries
andbecauseourcompanymadealosstwoyearsconsecutively,themanagementteamdecidedto
decreasetheworkforce.Fortunately,mypositionwasneverquestioned,buttwootherPersonal
Assistantsweremaderedundant.AstheonlyPersonalAssistantleftatthecompany,thismeans
thatIhavenowbeengiventheworkloadsofthosethatleftthecompany.Ineffect,myworkhas
tripled!InowassistthreedifferentdirectorswhereasbeforeIonlyassistedone.Itschallenging
becauseeachdirectorlikesthingsdoneaparticularway,andInowhavethestressoflearningtheir
differentpreferences.Iusedtohavetimeforaonehourlunchbreakeveryday,butnowthisis
unthinkable.Inoweatmylunchinfrontofmycomputerscreen,typinguplettersformythree
bosses.

Speaker3

Peopleusuallydescribemeasashyandquietindividualwholikestokeepherselftoherself.Iam
abletotalktopeopleIknow,but,onthewhole,whenspeakingtoagroupofpeopleImunfamiliar
with,Igivetheimpressionofbeingunfriendlyandonoccasionsrude.Thatswhywhenmybosstold
methathewantedmetodoa10minutepresentationatthenextmarketingconference,Inearly
hadapanicattack.Thethoughtofspeakinginfrontof60peopleterrifiesme.IfIrefusetodothe
presentation,IruntheriskofbeingfiredandsoIm100%determinedtodoit.Afriendofminehas
recommendedaConfidenceSpecialistwhoImgoingtoseeonWednesday.Ivegotfiveweeksuntil
thepresentationandImdesperatelyhopingtoovercomemyfearsbythen.

Speaker4

WhenIwentforaninterviewatthecompanyInowworkfor,theywarnedmethattheywere
planningtomovethebranchtoadifferentlocationinthenearfuture.Ididntconsiderittoomuch
ofaproblem;therefore,Itookthejob.Aftertwoyears,wewerestillinthesamelocationandno
onehadmentionedanythingaboutmovingsincetheinterview,andsoIboughtahouseonthe
outskirtsofwestLondon.Twoweeksaftermovingin,thebankannouncedthattheyhadfounda
suitableplaceineastLondonandthatwewouldbemovingthefollowingmonth.Nowbasedineast
London,ittakesmeoveronehourandahalftogettowork.Ihavetotakefourdifferentmodesof
transport:car,train,undergroundandbusandtherecurringchallengeIhaveisgettingtoworkon
time!

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Unit10ListeningExercise9

Youaregoingtoheararadiodiscussionaboutateachingtechniquecalleddrilling.Complete
sentences17.Usenomorethanthreewordsineachgap.

I: AsIunderstandit,drillingisamethodusedbylanguageteachers,inwhichtheteacheruttersa
wordorphrasetheywouldlikethestudentstolearnandtheythenrepeatit.

A: Yes,thatscorrect.Itsalistenandrepeattechniqueandtheteachersroleistolistenoutfor
anyissueswithpronunciation,intonationorwordstressandcorrectthem.

I: Andy,youreafanofthistechnique,whileLiz,youreagainstit.Andy,telluswhyyousupport
drilling.

A: ManyofthestudentsIteacharelivingintheUKandarelearningEnglishasaforeignlanguage.
AnumberofthestudentsIteacharefromAsia,and,intheUK,peopleoftenstruggleto
understandthemwhentheyspeak,astheymispronouncewordsbecausetheirownlanguageis
sodifferent.TheyoftenhaveagreatcommandoftheEnglishlanguageandcanread,writeand
understandperfectlywell,buttheirpronunciation,unfortunately,makesthem,attimes,
incomprehensible.Therefore,throughdrillingkeywordsandphrasestheirpronunciationcanbe
greatlyimproved,whichinturnleadstothembeingunderstoodintherealworld.

I: Ok,thanksAndy.So,Liz,whatsyourpointofview?

L: Well,IvetaughtinItalyforyearsandIveseendevastatingeffectsofthistechnique.Inone
instance,IwasinasocialsituationwhenIgottalkingtoamanwho,whenherealizedIwas
English,startedreelingoffphrasesthatheknewinthelanguage.Iwas,atfirst,quiteimpressed,
hispronunciationandintonationwerealmostperfect.Oncehehadfinishedregurgitatinghis
repertoireofexpressions,IaskedhimabouthisexperiencelearningEnglish.But,unbelievably,
hedidntunderstandawordofwhatIwassaying.Hejustansweredmyquestionswithother
phrasesthatheknew.InitiallyIthoughtitwasmyaccent,andsoIaskedhimanotherquestion,
thistimeslowlyandarticulatingeveryword,Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourfreetime?He
lookedatmeandforasecondIthoughthehadunderstoodme,butthenherespondedwith
somethingcompletelyunrelated!Hetoldmethathehadworkedforhiscompanyforthree
yearsandthenlistedthereasonswhyhewantedtoleave.

I: Thatsstrange!Whathadhappened?

L: Well,unabletocommunicatewithhiminEnglish,weswitchedtoItalianandIdiscoveredthathe
hadattendedatwoweekintensivecourse,atalanguageacademy,onhowtopassaninterview.
HehadseenthejobadvertisedonlineforapositionthatrequiredfluentEnglishanddesperate
forthejobheforgedhisCVtomatchthejobrequirementsand,whencalledtosetadateforan
interview,theyaskedhimifhewouldmindtheinterviewbeingconductedinEnglish!He
panickedandjoinedthisacademythatpromisedfluencyintwoweeks.Thecourseliterally
taughthimhowtoanswer,indetail,everysingleinterviewquestionpossible.

I: DidhehaveanypreviousknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage?

L: Well,thatsit.Heknewafewwords,buthehadneverformallystudiedit.Duringthecourse,
theteachersdidntgivehimanygrammarorvocabulary.Theyjustfedhimphrasesand,at
times,wholeconversations.Itwasallaboutlisteningandrepeating.

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A: Ok,butthisisanextremecaseofdrilling.Ithinkwhenusedinmoderationitcanbeapositive
thing.

L: Perhapsyoureright,butsooftenteachersoverusethistechnique.

I: Somyquestionis,didtheguygetthejob?

L: Icouldntbelieveit,buthedid,andnowhesgoingtohavetospeakEnglishinmeetings.Ithink
hesgoingtofinditarealstruggle.

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ReviewTest1ListeningExercise8

Youaregoingtohearaninterviewwithascientist.Completesentences15.Usenomorethan
threewordsand/oranumberineachgap.

Interviewer: InarecentarticlepublishedinScienceUncovered,youclaimthatsleepcansolve
problems.Couldyouexplaintotheaudienceexactlywhatyoumeanbythis?

Scientist: Well,yes,Irecentlycarriedoutanexperimentonagroupofvolunteers.Theywereall
givenarangeofcreativeproblemstosolveatthebeginningofthedayandweretold
toreportbackintheeveningwiththepossibleanswers.Theresultswerefascinating.
Thosethathadhadwhattheyreferredtoasapowernaporasiestaatsomepoint
duringtheday,hadstrikinglybetterresultsthanthosethathadnt.Justbyhavinga
nap,theyhadenhancedtheirproblemsolvingskills.

Interviewer: SoIguessthatswheretheexpressionsleeponitcomesfrom!

Scientist: Exactly.Inthepastitwasbelievedthatyouneededtospendhoursasleepbeforeyou
couldpotentiallysolvetheissueorproblemthatwasbotheringyou.Wehavenow
proventhatyouonlyneedtoentertheREMsleepphasetoactivateyourlateral
thinkingskills.

Interviewer: CouldyoushedsomelightonwhatyoumeanbytheREMsleepphase?

Scientist: REMstandsforRapidEyeMovementsleepanditsthestageinyoursleepcyclewhen
themajorityofyourdreamsoccur.Itissaidthatonceyoureachthisstage,youare
gettinggoodqualitysleep.WhatwefoundwasthatREMsleepenhancedpeoples
chancesofsuccess.

Interviewer: Ok,butwhendowereachtheREMsleepphrase?

Scientist: Itdependsontheperson,butitcanbeimmediate.

Interviewer: Ok,sojustashortpowernapduringthedaycanbebeneficialtothosethathave
urgentworkrelatedproblemsorproblemsthatneedinstantsolutions.But,thatsaid,
therearealotofpeoplethatfinditextremelydifficulttosleepduringtheday.Doyou
haveanytipsforourlisteners?

Scientist: Well,inordertohelpyousleepduringtheday,firstly,makesuretheroomwhereyou
wanttohaveanapisnottoohotandnottoocold.Theoptimumtemperatureis18
degreesCentigrade.Secondly,trynottodrinkorconsumeanycaffeineinthehours
priortoyournap.Alotofpeopleforgetthatcaffeinecanbefoundinchocolateand
otherproductsandconsumesomejustbeforetheytrytogetsomerest.Notagood
idea!Thirdly,closethecurtainsorblindswhereyouare,ifthisispossibleofcourse.
Finally,setanalarmclock!Rememberyoudontneedtosleepforlong.Iwould
suggestasleepoffifteentothirtyminutes.

Interviewer: IwouldlovetobeabletosleepduringthedayasIvealwaysgotproblemsonmymind
butbecauseoftheproblemsImtoostressedtosleep.IdontthinkImalonewhenI
saythis.Doyouhaveanyadviceforpeopleinmysituation?

Scientist: Relaxationisfundamentalinthesesituations.Therearevarioustechniquesyoucan
carryoutduringthedayatwork.Myfavouriteistheprogressivemusclerelaxation
exercise.Basically,whenwerestressedourmusclescontractandwecancontrol

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thembycarryingoutthefollowingexercise.Startingwiththeshoulders,whilstyoure
sittingatyourdesk,liftyourshouldersupashighastheywillgoandthenslowly
slowlyreleasethem.Youwillinstantlynoticeanimprovement.Thentrythesame
exercisewithotherpartsofyourbody.

Interviewer: Excellent,thanksforthetip.

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ReviewTest2ListeningExercise9

Youaregoingtoheararadiointerviewwithtwohistorians.Choosethebestanswer,A,BorCto
completesentences15.

Radiointerviewer: Ivebeenjoinedinthestudiotodaybytwohistorians:BillJacksonandMartin
Warwick,whoaregoingtogiveusabriefhistoryofhowhousesintheUKhave
changedoverthepastcenturies.Whereshallwebegin?

Bill: Itsprobablyagoodideatostartwiththe17thcenturybecauseitwasafterthistimethat
thingsstartedtochange.

Martin: Thatistrue.In17thcenturyBritain,houseswerebuiltwithlocalmaterials,local
tradesmanandlocaltraditions.Asaresult,peoplelivinginoneregionallhadthesame
housedesign.

Bill: Peopleeffectivelylivedinhouseswhichwerecharacteristicoftheirregion.Although,that
said,housesofthenobilityandgentryweresomewhatinfluencedbythefashionsfrom
abroad.Peoplereturningfromoverseaswouldfeedinformationtothenobilityabout
potentialdesignsandthesewould,ineffect,becopied.

Martin: Thesituationinthe18thcenturywasalittledifferent.Peopleweregaininggreater
mobilityandthereforehousedesignswhichweretypicalinoneregionwerenowseenin
differentregionsbecausetradesmenhadgainedaccesstothedesigns.

Bill: Atthisstage,weneedtotalkaboutthedifferenttypesofhouseswhichwereinhabitedduring
thiscentury.Duringthe18thcentury,inthecountryside,peoplepredominantlylivedin
detachedhousesastheyhadthespacearoundthem.Incontrast,inthetownsandcities,
familieslivedinarangeofdifferenthouses,forexample,somedetachedhousesbutmainly
terracedhouses,townhousesandsemidetachedhouses.Thetownssimplydidnthavethe
spaceforeveryonetoliveindetachedhouses.

Radiopresenter: Ivealwayswonderedhowterracedhouseswerethoughtup.Whatwasthe
thoughtprocessbehindthem?

Martin: Terracedhousescameaboutattheendofthe17thcenturyandtheywereseenasanideal
waytosolvethelackofspacewhichexistedinmanylargetowns.Townsweregetting
increasinglybiggerandthespaceforhousingwasquicklydiminishing.Tradesmenthought
ofjoininghousestogetherandthenbuildingup.Consequently,theterracedhousewas
born.

Bill: Whatisinterestingtoseeisthat,inthe18thcentury,anapparenthousingdividewas
beginningtoformincitieswhichclearlyseparatedthedifferentclasses.Forexample,
detachedhouseswereinhabitedbythemoreaffluentupperclasswhereassemidetached
houseswereoccupiedbythemiddleclassandterracedhousesbythelowerclass.

Radiopresenter: Thatisinteresting,soalready,inthe18thcentury,therewasanevidentdivide
whichwecanseestillexiststoday.

Bill: Exactly.Onemoreinterestingpointtomakeisthat,upuntilapproximately1919,houseswere
generallyonlyavailabletobuy.Thischangedin1919whenhouseswereofferedtobuyandto
rent.

Radiopresenter: Sorentingisafairlynewphenomenon?!

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Martin: Yesandbelieveitornot,rentingbeganbecausepeoplecouldntaffordhouseprices!
Whatthegovernmentfoundwasthatthosethatwereunabletobuyapropertywere
livingwithfamilymembersorclosefriendsandthattheywerepayingfortheroomor
spacethattheyoccupied.Wantingtoimprovethesituation,localcouncilsbuilthouses
whichthesepeoplecouldliveinandwhichtheyrentedouttothem.

Radiopresenter: Imgoingtohavetostopyouthereaswegoforabreak.Wellbebackwith
moreinformationaboutthehousingmarketintheUKshortly.

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ReviewTest3ListeningExercise9

Youaregoingtohearaninterviewwithasuccessfulnegotiator.Forquestions15choosethebest
answerA,B,CorD.

I: ImheretodayatasalesexhibitioninBirminghamandIvebeenjoinedbyAdamLewis,an
expertinnegotiationskills.WerehopingthatAdamcangiveourlistenerssomeadviceonhow
tonegotiatewhenbuying,forexample,acarpetforthehouse,acarorapieceofexpensive
furniture.

AL:IllseewhatIcando.

I: Ithinkweveallfoundourselvesinstickysituationswherewefeelforcedintobuyingsomething
thatperhapswedontreallywant,orwepaythroughthenoseforsomethingthatcouldhave
beenboughtforalotless.So,Adam,canyougiveussometipsonwhatweshoulddointhese
situations?

AL:Ioftenhavepeoplecomplaintomeaboutsalesstaff,sayingtheyaretoopushyorthattheyfeel
theyhavebeentrickedintobuyingsomethingthatperhapstheydidntwantorneed.People
needtoremembertwothings.Thefirstisthatsalespeopleareoncommission.Themorethey
sell,thebiggertheirpaypacket.Thesecondisthat,asthecustomer,youneedtowalkintoa
shopknowingexactlywhatyouwantandhowmuchyouarewillingtopay.

I: ButletssayIwanttobuyacarpet,howdoIknowwhatagoodandabadpriceis?

AL:Therearenumerousonlinewebsitesthatcanbeconsultedtogetafeelforprices.Ithinkthese
aresouseful.Also,if,forexample,yourebuyingacar,againyoucanusepricecomparisonsites
butyoucanalsoreadcustomerreviewsaboutspecificcarshowrooms.

I: Ok,soonceIknowhowmuchIshouldspend,whatsnext?

AL:Gotothecarpetshopyouhaveinmindandtakealookaround.Whenyoufindadesignthat
youlike,askasalesassistanttopricethetotalcost.Whentheygiveyoutheprice,thisiswhere
thefunbegins.

I: Soundsominous!

AL:Well,thefiguretheygiveyouwillbeinflated,soyouwillneedtonegotiateitdowncarefully.
Thereisnopointbeingaggressivewithsalespeople,whichiswhatmanypeopledo,because
thatshowtheyveseenitdoneinfilms!No,youneedtotreadcarefullyandbecleveraboutit.
Askforadiscountbutusehigherauthority.Forexample,Idlovetobuythecarpetbutmy
husbandwillhittheroofifIpaythat.Isthereanywayyoucanloweritforme?

I: Isee,sothehigherauthorityinthisexampleisthehusband.Whathappensifyourenot
married?

AL:Itdoesntmatter,youcanstillusethisexcusebutperhapswithanotherfamilymember.It
practicallyalwaysworks.Infact,ninetimesoutoften,theyllconcedeandofferyouadiscount.
But,youshouldneveracceptthefirstoffer.

I: Really?Iusuallydo!

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AL:Unfortunately,yourenotalonebutoncetheyveloweredtheoriginalprice,youshouldseeif
youcangetanevenbetterofferbysayingsomethingalongthelinesofthatsanimprovement
butIstilldontthinkmypartnerwouldbetoohappy.Andkeepsmilingandbeingfriendly.

I: Clever,Ilikeit.

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FinalReviewTestListeningExercise9

Youaregoingtohearfourspeakerstalkingabouttheirexperienceswithsalesstaff.Matcheach
speaker,1,2,3or4withthebestanswerAFfromeachlist.Therearetwoanswersineachlistyou
donotneed.

Speaker1

LastyearIreceivedaphonecallfromsomeonewhoclaimedthatIhadwononemillionpoundsin
thelottery.Forasecond,awaveofexcitementcameoverme,butIsoonrememberedIdidntplay
thelotterynordidmypartner.Imentionedthistothecallerandhesaidthatitdidntmatterand
thatmymoneywaswaitingforme.WhenIprobedandaskedthepersonontheotherendofthe
linemorequestions,itturnedoutthatallIhadtodotogetmymoneywastocallaspecialhotline
whichwouldchargeme2perminuteplusVAT.HeinsistedIrangthenumberassoonaspossible,
ifIdidnt,Iriskedmyprizemoneybeinggiventosomeoneelse.Ihadheardofthingslikethisbefore
andsoIhungup.DidtheyreallythinkIwasgoingtofallforsuchascam?

Speaker2

Wantingtobuyacar,Icarriedoutsomeresearchontheinternet.WithalltheinformationIneeded,
Iheadedtoausedcardealership.ItoldthesalesmanpreciselywhatIwaslookingforandhe
showedmetwodifferentmodels.ItookthemodelIpreferredforatestdriveand,happywithmy
choice,startedthenegotiationprocedure.IknewthepricecouldbebroughtdownandIknewhow
muchIwaswillingtopay.Thesalesman,atfirst,toldmethepricewasnonnegotiableandthat
beingthecase,Ithankedhimandwenttoleave.Hestoppedmeandsaidhecouldmakemeadeal.
ThedealheofferedwaslessthanthewebsiteshadquotedandsoweshookhandsandIwalked
awayonehappycustomer.Itlaterturnedoutthatitwasthesalesmansfirstdayonthejob!

Speaker3

AsmyhusbandandIwerewalkingonthebeach,amanstoppedusandaskedifwewereonholiday,
werepliedwewereonourhoneymoon.Themanseemedfriendlyandwespokeforaboutten
minutes.Beforeweleft,hehandedmeascratchcardandtoldmepeopleusuallypayalotofmoney
forthem,butbecausewewereonourhoneymoon,Icouldhaveitforfree.Iscratchedawayandit
turnedoutIhadwonanapartment.Ijumpedupanddownwithexcitement.Myhusbandurgedme
tocalmdownandtoldmeitwastimetogo.Beingstubborn,Iignoredhimandaskedtheman
whereIhadtogotogetmyprize.HetoldmetogotothepropertysalesofficeandaskforDave.He
advisedustotakeourpassportsandasumofcashtosecuretheapartment.Itwasthenthatthings
didntaddupandwedecidedtowalkaway.Itwasaluckyescape.

Speaker4

IwasdesperatetoreplacemyoldsofabutIdidnthavethemoney.Thatswhenseeingtheadvert
onTV,Idecidedtogototheshop.Theadvertpromised,Buynow,paynothingfortwelvemonths
whichIthoughtofferedaperfectsolutiontomyproblem.IfoundasofaIlikedandspokeatlength
tothesalesrepwhoreiteratedthepromiseofnopaymentfortwelvemonths.Iendedupbuyinga
sofaandanarmchair.But,onemonthlater,Ireceivedabillfor150fromthecompany.Irangthe
companyandtoldthemaboutthemistake.Theyexplainedtomethat150wastheamountIwould
bepayingmonthlyuntilIhadpaidtheentirecostoftheitems,andIhadagreedtoitwhenIsigned
thecontract.Ireturnedthegoodsthenextday.

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